The invention discloses a propelling type testing device and method for a shield model test, and relates to the field of shield testing. The propelling type testing device mainly comprises a mud output pipe, a mud input pipe and a mud pit, wherein one end of the mud output pipe and one end of the mud input pipe are connected to a mud water cabin from a first partition plate; the mud pit comprisesa storage area and a preparation area; the storage area communicates with the other end of the mud output pipe; the preparation area communicates with the other end of the mud input pipe; the storagearea and the preparation area are isolated through a filter partition plate; the filter partition plate comprises a louver flow guide layer in the middle and screen layers on the two sides; the louverflow guide layer comprises a plurality of flow guide blades which are arranged in parallel; the flow guide blades are obliquely arranged; the upper ends of the flow guide blades are close to one sideof the preparation area, and the lower ends of the flow guide blades are close to one side of the storage area, so that the stability, recoverability and reference of the test process can be improved; grouting can be realized; and mud can be more efficiently filtered.