Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a simple method for producing and preparing deuterated alcohol or deuterated amine compounds. In the method, heavy water is used as a deuterium source, ketone or imine is used as a reaction raw material, and visible light or sunlight is used as an energy source; the reaction can be efficiently carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure. Through selection of a deuterium source, a catalyst and an electron donor, research on reaction conditions and improvement on reagents used in the reaction, the method can overcome the defects of expensive deuterium source, dangerous reaction process, rigorous reaction conditions, low deuteration rate, poor selectivity and the like in the prior art.