The invention discloses a temperature control system for a rail transit equipment test board. The temperature control system comprises heat dissipation equipment; an upper computer which is used for determining a system initial value comprising a system working mode; a temperature measuring module which is used for acquiring and sending temperature detection values of all parts of the test board in real time and/or acquiring a working frequency control signal so as to drive all temperature measuring units to work; a control module which is used for receiving the plurality of temperature detection values collected by the temperature measurement units and the initial value of the system in real time, and adjusting and outputting a working frequency control instruction for the heat dissipation equipment and/or the temperature measurement units based on the current temperature detection value in the automatic adjustment mode; and a PWM driving module which is used for receiving the workingfrequency control instruction for each device and outputting a working frequency control signal matched with each temperature detection value. Starting and rotating speed adjusting of the heat dissipation equipment are achieved, the working frequency of the test board is controlled, heat dissipation of the test board is rapid, and energy consumption and noise of the test board are effectively reduced.