The invention discloses a piezoelectric type excitation device for dynamic characteristic testing and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of micromechanical electrons. The piezoelectric type excitation device comprises a drum body, a bottom plate installed at the bottom of the drum body, a microstructural excitation unit and photo-heating units; the microstructural excitation unit comprises a manual three-axial displacement platform, a connecting plate is installed on a vertical sliding carriage of the manual three-axial displacement platform, a packaging piezoelectricceramic is installed on the connecting plate through a thread, a microstructural installing plate is installed at the top of the packaging piezoelectric ceramic, and an MEMS microstructure is connected to the top of the microstructural installing plate in a bonding mode; and four shading plates are used in a photo-excitation unit to enable parallel light emitted by the photo-heating units to onlybe irradiated on the MEMS microstructure. The piezoelectric type excitation device has the beneficial effects that the integral MEMS microstructure can be heated synchronously, uniform temperature distribution of the surface of the microstructure is ensured, the temperature gradient of the surface of the microstructure is reduced, and the precision of microstructural dynamic characteristic parameter testing in a high-temperature environment is greatly improved.