The present invention discloses a reliability detection device of gauge-changeable bogie bearing shoes. The device mainly comprises a vertical loading actuator, a U-shaped connection block, tested bearing shoes, a portal frame, a bearing roller mechanism, a horizontal drive mechanism and a pedestal, the tested bearing shoes are vertically moved downwards under the action of the vertical loading actuator, the tested bearing shoes are in contact with the bearing roller and then are located to a specified load, a trundle of the bearing roller mechanism performs reciprocating motion in the guidance groove of the pedestal under the action of the horizontal drive mechanism to simulate the movement of the bearing shoes on the bearing rail when the track train performs gauge change. The reliability detection device of gauge-changeable bogie bearing shoes can be used for detection of the reliability and the usage performances of the bearing shoes and can perform wearing test of the friction interface of the bearing shoes and the bearing roller.