The invention discloses a variable gauge bogie wheel pair orbital transfer performance and reliability test stand. The test stand mainly comprises a motor, a motor support, a first coupling, a double-output shaft reducer, a concave base, a second coupling, a first bearing, a first bearing support, a second bearing, a second bearing support, a first gauge adjustment roller assembly, a second gaugeadjustment roller assembly, a variable gauge wheel pair, a gantry wheel pair fixing device and a pedestal, wherein the first gauge adjustment roller assembly or the second gauge adjustment roller assembly comprises a left guide rail, a right guide rail, a roller, a roller shaft, an adjustment pad and a locking nut, and the gantry wheel pair fixing device comprises a column, a supporting platform and a wheel pair fixing supporting block. The test stand is advantaged in that the structure is simple, the orbital transfer action of the variable gauge wheel pair can be simulated in a cycle mode, and a problem of difficulty in testing variable gauge performance and reliability of the wheel pair existing in a variable gauge train in the actual running process in the prior art is solved.