The invention discloses a neutron effect test system for an SPARC architecture spatial processor. The system comprises an upper computer, an external power supply, an oscilloscope, a monitoring control panel, a signal connection flexible printed circuit and a tested spatial processor, wherein the upper computer, the external power supply, the oscilloscope and the monitoring control panel are placed in a monitoring room, the tested spatial processor is placed on a circuit board, and the tested spatial processor and the circuit board are placed in an irradiation region in a neutron test reactor together. Programs on the monitoring control panel include an initialization program, a register file test program, a mathematical calculation test program and an instruction and data Cache test program and are used for realizing initialization, register file testing, mathematical calculation testing and instruction and data Cache testing of the tested spatial processor. Through the system, evaluation of neutron effect performance of the SPARC architecture spatial processor is realized.