The invention relates to the field of continuous heat treatment of a cold rolled steel strip, particularly to a vertical-type strip steel heat treatment device and method. The vertical-type strip steel jet heat treatment device are provided with a pre-heating section, a heating section, a soaking section, a slow cooling section, a rapid cooling section, an overaging section and a final cooling section in sequence in a steel strip moving direction. The pre-heating section, the heating section, the soaking section, the slow cooling section, the rapid cooling section, the overaging section and the final cooling section are filled with protective gas, and heat exchange is directly performed between the steel strip and the protective gas. The protective gas in two adjacent sections is insulated with a hermetically-sealed device. According to the vertical-type strip steel heat treatment method, direct heat exchange between the steel strip and the protective gas is carried out all the time during a heat treatment process. According to the device and method, the steel strip is located in mixed protective gas all the time, residual heat from flue gas of radiant pipes is fully utilized, and rapid, uniform, efficient heating and cooling of the steel strip are achieved in a situation that the surface quality of the steel strip is ensured. Energy conservation and emission reduction is achieved, the length of a furnace is reduced, and the apparatus and method has bright popularization prospects in continuous annealing and hot galvanizing units.