The invention belongs to the field of construction of manual hole digging piles and provides a manual hole digging pile construction method based on a self leveling and backward-pressing device in order to solve the problem that under the condition of water-rich stratum geology, a manual hole digging pile penetrates a sand layer, and the problems of sand gushing, sand inrush, hole collapse, verticality control and the like in the silty and fine sand geological construction process. During construction, the self leveling and backward-pressing device is adopted and combined with a horizontal rule to check the insert-in state of a steel casing, and a jack is utilized to perform backward-pressing on the steel casing. By means of the backward-pressing method, the problems that an operation site closely adjacent to an existing railway operation line is limited and the operation time is limited and the verticality control problem can be solved, investment of large equipment and a large-area operation site is reduced, meanwhile, the verticality of the steel casing can be dynamically adjusted in good time, and the construction effect is good.