The invention relates to a polishing device and method, in particular to a rapid chip polishing device and method, and belongs to the technical field of semiconductor polishing. According to the technical scheme, the rapid chip polishing device comprises big polishing disks distributed symmetrically, at least one swimming star wheel used for fixing a chip is arranged between the big polishing disks, and polishing pads are arranged between the big polishing disks and the swimming star wheels; and at least one swimming star wheel between the big polishing disks is internally provided with a heat generating membrane used for making contact with the corresponding polishing pad and generating heat when the chip is polished. The rapid chip polishing deviceis compact in structure, compatible with the prior art, convenient to use and operate, capable of accurately controlling the polishing temperature and increasing the polishing speed, wide in application range, safe and reliable.