公开(公告)号：US06924426B2

公开(公告)日：2005-08-02

申请号：US10259863

申请日：2002-09-30

申请人： Manfred Clynes

发明人： Manfred Clynes

IPC分类号： G10H1/44 ,  G04B13/00 ,  G10H7/00

CPC分类号： G10H1/44 ,  G10H2210/471 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： A method for the algorithmic expressive intonation tuning (EIT) and performance of electronic, computer and MIDI musical works relies on melodic intervals, rather than on chordal harmony, and acts by desirably modifying the pitch of a note slightly (compared to equal temperament tuning), depending on the next melodic note. This dynamic, non static, melodic tuning emulates, and can even possibly augment, aspects of outstanding live human musical performance achieved with regard to pitch subtleties, as it enhances the living sounding, real aspects of the performance of electronic, computer and MIDI music, by sensibly causing a slightly different pitch of particular notes, depending on the size of an interval and on whether an interval is ascending or descending, with the same note subtly having more than one pitch often, depending on melodic context. This method of tuning affecting the notes has a further advantage of not requiring transposition, regardless of how much the music modulates, since it uses melodic intervals. It can treat entire symphonies of more than 100 voices simultaneously as easily as solo works.

摘要翻译： 一种用于电子，计算机和MIDI音乐作品的算法表达式语调调整（EIT）和演奏的方法依赖于旋律间隔而不是弦和谐，并且通过理想地稍微修改音符的音调（与均匀气质调谐相比） ，取决于下一个旋律。 这种动态，非静态的旋律调音模拟，甚至可能增加了关于音调细节的杰出现场人类音乐表演的方面，因为它增强了生活的声音，电子，电脑和MIDI音乐的表现的真实方面， 通过明显地导致特定音符的稍微不同的间距，这取决于间隔的大小以及间隔是上升还是下降，根据旋律上下文，相同音符经常具有多于一个音调。 影响音符的这种调整方法具有不需要转置的进一步优点，无论音乐调制多少，因为它使用旋律间隔。 它可以像独奏作品一样容易地同时处理100多个声音的整个交响乐。

公开(公告)号：US5859378A

公开(公告)日：1999-01-12

申请号：US679071

申请日：1996-07-12

申请人： Stephen J. Freeland ,  Neil C. Skinn

发明人： Stephen J. Freeland ,  Neil C. Skinn

IPC分类号： G10D3/04 ,  G10D3/14 ,  G10G7/02

CPC分类号： G10D3/043 ,  G10G7/02 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： The invention is a control system for automatically tuning a stringed musical instrument with a capo installed, using an original calibration function or closed-loop tuning system for the instrument without the capo. The control system uses a capo scale factor which scales frequencies measured with the capo installed to what they would have been without a capo. The control system enables a musician to quickly tune an instrument after installing a capo, in a manner unlikely to be noticed by an audience.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种控制系统，用于使用安装了Capo的弦乐器进行自动调谐，使用原始校准功能或用于仪器的闭环调谐系统而不使用capo。 控制系统使用Capo比例因子，其将使用capo测量的频率缩放到没有capo的情况下。 控制系统使音乐家能够在安装Capo后以不太可能被观众注意到的方式快速调谐乐器。

公开(公告)号：US5847302A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-08

申请号：US471737

申请日：1995-06-06

申请人： Shigenori Morikawa ,  Kohtaro Hanzawa ,  Hiroyuki Sasaki ,  Hiroshi Morokuma

发明人： Shigenori Morikawa ,  Kohtaro Hanzawa ,  Hiroyuki Sasaki ,  Hiroshi Morokuma

IPC分类号： G10H7/00 ,  G10H1/00 ,  G10H1/18 ,  G10H7/02 ,  G10H7/04 ,  G10G7/02

CPC分类号： G10H1/0041 ,  G10H1/0033 ,  G10H1/186 ,  G10H7/02 ,  G10H7/04 ,  G10H2250/325 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： An electronic musical instrument comprises a tone generator for generating a plurality of different digital waveform signals corresponding to different timbres, and a device for setting a plurality of ranges defined by two parameters, a first one of the parameters being a pitch parameter and a second one of the parameters being a key touch parameter. The parameters vary according to the musical performance, and a range for the pitch parameter in combination with a range for the key touch parameter respectively designating one of the plurality of different digital waveform signals having different timbres. An input device is provided for inputting the two parameters according to a musical performance. A judging device judges a respective range to which each of the inputted two parameters belongs, and a selector selects one of the plurality of digital waveform signals from the setting device corresponding to a judged result to generate one of the plurality of different digital waveform signals from the tone generator, the plurality of different digital waveform signals thereby being selectively generated in order to output a sound having a corresponding timbre in response to the two parameters thus inputted.

公开(公告)号：US5824929A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-20

申请号：US679080

申请日：1996-07-12

申请人： Stephen J. Freeland ,  Gerard F. Hallaren ,  Neil C. Skinn

发明人： Stephen J. Freeland ,  Gerard F. Hallaren ,  Neil C. Skinn

IPC分类号： G10D3/14 ,  G10G7/02

CPC分类号： G10D3/14 ,  G10G7/02 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： This invention provides a control system for automatically tuning a stringed musical instrument, utilizing a library of calibration functions to tune the instrument in a plurality of operating conditions without recalibration. The operating conditions can include changes in temperature and humidity, different sets of strings made with different materials and gauges, broken strings and the installation of a capo. Calibrations can also be provided for instruments of different makes and models, string lengths, body materials and actuator types. The control system is adapted for use in a stringed instrument having actuators attached to each string for changing the frequency of the string in response to a control signal. Each calibration function relates the frequency of a string to the actuator position of that string. The invention further provides an automatically tuned stringed instrument using the control system, and a method for tuning a stringed instrument.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于自动调谐弦乐器的控制系统，利用校准功能库来在多个操作条件下调整乐器，而无需重新校准。 操作条件可以包括温度和湿度的变化，用不同的材料和量规制成的不同的弦组，破碎的绳子以及安装的卡波。 还可以为不同制造和型号，长度，主体材料和执行器类型的仪器提供校准。 控制系统适用于弦乐器，其具有连接到每个琴弦的致动器，用于响应于控制信号改变琴弦的频率。 每个校准功能将弦的频率与该字符串的执行器位置相关联。 本发明还提供了一种使用该控制系统的自动调谐弦乐器和一种用于调弦乐器的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5780759A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-14

申请号：US574590

申请日：1995-12-19

申请人： Andreas Szalay

发明人： Andreas Szalay

IPC分类号： G01R23/02 ,  G10H1/00 ,  G10H3/12 ,  G10L25/90 ,  G10G7/02

CPC分类号： G10H3/125 ,  G10H2210/066 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： A method is specified for pitch recognition, in particular for musical instruments which are excited by plucking or striking, in the case of which method the interval between zero crossings of a signal waveform of an audio signal is used as a measure for the period length of the audio signal. Reliable pitch recognition is intended to be possible in a simple manner using such a method. The method is intended to be capable of being implemented with a low level of computation power. To this end, the magnitude of the gradient of the signal waveform is in each case determined in the region of its zero crossings, and the magnitude of the gradient is used as an assessment criterion for the selection of the zero crossings to be evaluated.

摘要翻译： 指定音调识别的方法，特别是对于被拔除或敲击而激励的乐器，在这种情况下，音频信号的信号波形的过零之间的间隔被用作时间长度的度量 音频信号。 使用这种方法可以以简单的方式来实现可靠的音调识别。 该方法旨在能够以低水平的计算能力实现。 为此，信号波形的梯度的大小在每个情况下都在其过零点的区域中确定，并且梯度的大小被用作用于选择待评估的过零点的评估标准。

公开(公告)号：US5427011A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-27

申请号：US251632

申请日：1994-05-31

申请人： Ned Steinberger

发明人： Ned Steinberger

IPC分类号： G10G7/02

CPC分类号： G10G7/02 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： A chromatic tuner display comprises a base member, with a predetermined point on the base member corresponding to the precise pitch of a desired musical note. The display includes colored light means mounted on the base member for visually representing the pitch of a sound, including a plurality of illuminative letters ordered for corresponding to the notes of the musical scale, a plurality of additional illuminative characters positioned on the base member between adjacent letters for corresponding to sharp and flat variations of the lettered musical notes, and a plurality of colored light devices, the devices including a plurality of opposing pairs of ascending and descending light devices on opposite sides of the predetermined point, each opposing pair having specified color for visually indicating whether a musical sound is above or below the pitch of the musical note represented by an illuminated letter or letter and character combination, and for visually indicating the relative difference in pitch of the musical sound from the desired musical note.

摘要翻译： 彩色调谐器显示器包括基座构件，其中基座构件上的预定点对应于期望音符的精确间距。 显示器包括安装在基座构件上的彩色光装置，用于视觉地表示声音的音调，包括对应于音阶的音符排列的多个照明字母，多个附加照明字符，其位于相邻的基座构件之间 用于对应于字母音符的锐度和平坦变化的字母，以及多个彩色光装置，所述装置包括在预定点的相对侧上的多个相对的上升和下降光装置对，每个相对对具有指定颜色 用于可视地指示音乐声音高于或低于由照亮的字母或字母和字符组合表示的音符的音调，并且用于可视地指示音乐声音与期望音符的音调的相对差异。

公开(公告)号：US5349130A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-20

申请号：US154157

申请日：1993-11-17

申请人： Makoto Iwaooji

发明人： Makoto Iwaooji

IPC分类号： G10H3/12 ,  G10H7/02

CPC分类号： G10H3/125 ,  G10H2210/066 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： A CPU measures the interval between the zero-crossing points at the two ends of a waveform element a having, e.g., a positive polarity. Thereafter, the CPU sequentially measures the interval between the zero-crossing points at the two ends of each of waveform elements b, c, and d having the same polarity. Upon detection of the waveform element d which is almost equal in interval to the waveform element a and is located nearest thereto in terms of time, the interval between the start points (zero-crossing points) of the waveform elements a and d is extracted as the pitch period of the input waveform. Subsequently, the above-described series of operations is repeated.

摘要翻译： CPU测量具有例如正极性的波形元件a的两端的过零点之间的间隔。 此后，CPU顺序地测量具有相同极性的波形元件b，c和d中的每一个的两端的过零点之间的间隔。 在检测到与波形元素a的间隔几乎相等并且在时间上与其最接近的波形元素d相邻的波形元素d，波形元素a和d的起始点（过零点）之间的间隔被提取为 输入波形的音调周期。 随后，重复上述一系列操作。

公开(公告)号：US4928563A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-29

申请号：US290981

申请日：1988-12-28

申请人： Yoshiyuki Murata ,  Hajime Manabe

发明人： Yoshiyuki Murata ,  Hajime Manabe

IPC分类号： G10G7/02

CPC分类号： G10G7/02 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： In an electronic tuning apparatus used in electronic stringed instruments such as an electronic guitar, an electronic violin, and so on, at least one string is extended along the fingerboard. Prior to picking performance, a present state of the extended string is examined through picking said string. Preferably, a reference pitch data extracted through the string-picking manipulation is stored. During a live picking performance, a performance-pitch data extracted is converted into a data for defining a properly-tuned sound-frequency in accordance with said extended string state. A musical-tone having a corresponding sound frequency is generated based on data for defining said sound frequency.

摘要翻译： 在用于诸如电子吉他，电子小提琴等的电子弦乐器中的电子调谐装置中，至少一根琴弦沿指板延伸。 在选择性能之前，通过选择所述字符串检查扩展字符串的当前状态。 优选地，存储通过字符串拾取操作提取的参考音调数据。 在现场拣选演出期间，根据所述扩展字符串状态，提取的性能音调数据被转换为用于定义正确调谐的声频的数据。 基于用于定义所述声音频率的数据产生具有对应声音频率的音调。

公开(公告)号：US4357852A

公开(公告)日：1982-11-09

申请号：US150074

申请日：1980-05-15

申请人： Noboru Suenaga

发明人： Noboru Suenaga

IPC分类号： G10H3/18 ,  G10H5/00 ,  G10H3/00

CPC分类号： G10H5/002 ,  G10H3/182 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： A guitar synthesizer comprises a guitar portion and a synthesizer portion which are electrically connected to each other. The guitar portion includes strings stretched between a nut and a bridge and pickup means for detecting a string vibration for providing a guitar sound signal. The guitar sound signal is applied to the synthesizer portion. The synthesizer portion comprises a voltage controlled variable bandpass filter exhibiting a passband characteristic variable in at least two frequency regions of the guitar sound signal as a function of a control voltage. A frequency/voltage converter provides a control voltage representing the frequency of the output of the filter, to the variable bandpass filter, whereby the passband characteristic thereof is made adaptively and dominantly responsive to the frequency of the fundamental wave component included in the guitar sound signal and the fundamental wave component is extracted with accuracy from the guitar sound signal. The synthesizer portion comprises a fundamental wave signal processing unit responsive to the fundamental wave component for generating a fundamental wave associated signal having the same frequency as that of the fundamental wave component and an envelope signal generator responsive to the guitar sound signal for generating an envelope signal representing the envelope of the guitar sound signal. The fundamental wave associated signal is modulated with the envelope signal for synthesizing.

摘要翻译： 吉他合成器包括彼此电连接的吉他部分和合成器部分。 吉他部分包括在螺母和桥之间延伸的绳索以及用于检测琴弦振动以提供吉他声音信号的拾取装置。 吉他声音信号被施加到合成器部分。 合成器部分包括电压控制可变带通滤波器，其在作为控制电压的函数的吉他声音信号的至少两个频率区域中呈现通带特性变量。 频率/电压转换器将表示滤波器的输出频率的控制电压提供给可变带通滤波器，由此使其通带特性自适应地主要响应吉他声音信号中包括的基波分量的频率 并且从吉他声音信号精确地提取基波分量。 合成器部分包括：基波信号处理单元，响应于基波分量，用于产生具有与基波分量相同频率的基波相关信号;以及包络信号发生器，响应吉他声音信号产生包络信号 代表吉他声音信号的包络。 用包络信号调制基波相关信号进行合成。

公开(公告)号：US4351216A

公开(公告)日：1982-09-28

申请号：US68689

申请日：1979-08-22

申请人： Russell O. Hamm

发明人： Russell O. Hamm

IPC分类号： G10H3/18 ,  G10H3/00 ,  G01R23/02

CPC分类号： G10H3/182 ,  Y10S84/18

摘要： A pitch detecting system is provided for an electric guitar having an existing electromagnetic pick-up for strings. For the purposes of pitch detection, all the signals from the guitar strings are sensed by means of an auxiliary pickup comprising a substantially planar substrate of nonconductive material which is mounted upon the existing pickup, below the strings. A plurality of conductive coils on the substrate are each positioned in alignment with a different pole piece of the existing pick-up. The auxiliary pick-up provides a signal representing the sound of each string to a string separator, which transmits to its output only the signals from the auxiliary pick-up which has the fastest rate of build-up of its input signal. The single output signal from the string separator is provided to a pitch detector. In the pitch detector, a reference point in each cycle of the input signal (i.e. the signal from the string separator) is detected by determining when the input signal crosses in a positive direction through a threshold level corresponding to a predetermined proportion of the envelope of the input signal. The time interval between reference points in successive cycles of the input signal is then provided as an estimate of the period of the input signal when the duration is within a predetermined range of the existing estimate. This predetermined range is defined by two thresholds levels, each of which is a predetermined proportion of the existing period estimate. In a second embodiment, a single pitch detector simultaneously processes a plurality of input signals to provide a separate period estimate for each.

摘要翻译： 为具有现有的电磁感应拾取器的电吉他提供音高检测系统。 为了音调检测的目的，来自吉他琴弦的所有信号通过辅助拾音器来检测，该辅助拾音器包括安装在现有拾音器下方的基本平坦的非导电材料基底。 基板上的多个导电线圈每个定位成与现有拾取器的不同极片对准。 辅助拾取器将一个信号表示为每个串的声音到一个串分离器，它只向其输出端传输来自辅助拾取器的信号，该辅助拾取器具有最快的其输入信号的建立速率。 来自弦分离器的单个输出信号被提供给音调检测器。 在音高检测器中，通过确定输入信号何时在正方向上穿过对应于预定比例的信封的阈值电平来检测输入信号的每个周期中的参考点（即来自串分离器的信号） 输入信号。 然后，当持续时间在现有估计的预定范围内时，输入信号的连续周期中的参考点之间的时间间隔被提供为输入信号的周期的估计。 该预定范围由两个阈值级别定义，每个阈值级别是现有周期估计的预定比例。 在第二实施例中，单音调检测器同时处理多个输入信号以为每个输入信号提供单独的周期估计。