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    Pulse domain neuromorphic integrated circuit for computing motion
    1.
    发明授权
    Pulse domain neuromorphic integrated circuit for computing motion 失效
    用于计算运动的脉冲域神经元集成电路

    公开(公告)号：US06212288B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-04-03

    申请号：US09113651

    申请日：1998-07-10

    申请人： Rahul Sarpeshkar ,  Jörg Kramer ,  Christof Koch

    发明人： Rahul Sarpeshkar ,  Jörg Kramer ,  Christof Koch

    IPC分类号： G06K900

    CPC分类号： G06T7/20

    摘要： An integrated circuit that computes the velocity of a visual stimulus moving between two photoreceptor locations is disclosed. In its most basic version, the circuit comprises two temporal edge detectors with photoreceptors, two pulse-shaping circuits, and one motion circuit on a single silicon chip. Velocity is computed from the signed time delay of the appearance of an image feature at the two photoreceptor locations. Specifically, each temporal edge detector detects a rapid irradiance transient at its photoreceptor location and converts it into a short current spike. This current spike is transformed into two different voltage pulses, a fast pulse and a slowly-decaying pulse, by the pulse-shaping circuit that is coupled to the temporal edge detector. The slowly-decaying voltage pulse produced at one location together with the fast voltage pulse generated at the other location, act as inputs to the motion circuit which generates a signal representative of the speed of motion for one sign or direction of motion. A pair of motion circuits encodes velocity, each motion circuit encoding speed for one of the two opposing directions of motion. The motion circuits are sample-and-hold circuits that use the fast pulse from one location to sample the slowly-decaying pulse from the other location. The individual motion-sensing cells are compact, and are therefore suited for use in dense one-dimensional or two-dimensional imaging arrays. Various embodiments are described.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种计算在两个感光体位置之间移动的视觉刺激的速度的集成电路。 在其最基本的版本中，该电路包括两个具有感光体的时间边缘检测器，两个脉冲整形电路，以及单个硅芯片上的一个运动电路。 从两个感光体位置处的图像特征的出现的带符号时间延迟计算速度。 具体地，每个时间边缘检测器检测其感光器位置处的快速辐照瞬变并将其转换成短电流尖峰。 该电流尖峰通过耦合到时间边缘检测器的脉冲整形电路转换成两个不同的电压脉冲，即快速脉冲和缓慢衰减的脉冲。 在一个位置处产生的缓慢衰减的电压脉冲以及在另一个位置处产生的快速电压脉冲一起作为运动电路的输入，该运动电路产生代表一个运动速度的运动速度的信号。 一对运动电路对速度进行编码，每个运动电路编码两个相反的运动方向之一的速度。 运动电路是采样和保持电路，其使用来自一个位置的快速脉冲从另一个位置采样缓慢衰减的脉冲。 各个运动感测单元是紧凑的，因此适用于致密的一维或二维成像阵列。 描述各种实施例。

    Pulse domain neuromorphic integrated circuit for computing motion
    2.
    发明授权
    Pulse domain neuromorphic integrated circuit for computing motion 失效
    用于计算运动的脉冲域神经元集成电路

    公开(公告)号：US06212289B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-04-03

    申请号：US09113932

    申请日：1998-07-10

    申请人： Rahul Sarpeshkar ,  Jörg Kramer ,  Christof Koch

    发明人： Rahul Sarpeshkar ,  Jörg Kramer ,  Christof Koch

    IPC分类号： G06K900

    CPC分类号： G06T7/20

    摘要： An integrated circuit that computes the velocity of a visual stimulus moving between two photoreceptor locations is disclosed. In its most basic version, the circuit comprises two temporal edge detectors with photoreceptors, two pulse-shaping circuits, and one motion circuit on a single silicon chip. Velocity is computed from the signed time delay of the appearance of an image feature at the two photoreceptor locations. Specifically, each temporal edge detector de tects a rapid irradiance transient at its photoreceptor location and converts it into a short current spike. This current spike is transformed into two different voltage pulses, a fast pulse and a slowly-decaying pulse, by the pulse-shaping circuit that is coupled to the temporal edge detector. The slowly-decaying voltage pulse produced at one location together with the fast voltage pulse generated at the other location, act as inputs to the motion circuit which generates a signal representative of the speed of motion for one sign or direction of motion. A pair of motion circuits encodes velocity, each motion circuit encoding speed for one of the two opposing directions of motion. The motion circuits are sample-and-hold circuits that use the fast pulse from one location to sample the slowly-decaying pulse from the other location. The individual motion-sensing cells are compact, and are therefore suited for use in dense one-dimensional or two-dimensional imaging arrays. Various embodiments are described.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种计算在两个感光体位置之间移动的视觉刺激的速度的集成电路。 在其最基本的版本中，该电路包括两个具有感光体的时间边缘检测器，两个脉冲整形电路，以及单个硅芯片上的一个运动电路。 从两个感光体位置处的图像特征的出现的带符号时间延迟计算速度。 具体地，每个时间边缘检测器在感光器位置处检测快速辐照瞬态并将其转换成短电流尖峰。 该电流尖峰通过耦合到时间边缘检测器的脉冲整形电路转换成两个不同的电压脉冲，即快速脉冲和缓慢衰减的脉冲。 在一个位置处产生的缓慢衰减的电压脉冲以及在另一个位置处产生的快速电压脉冲一起作为运动电路的输入，该运动电路产生代表一个运动速度的运动速度的信号。 一对运动电路对速度进行编码，每个运动电路编码两个相反的运动方向之一的速度。 运动电路是采样和保持电路，其使用来自一个位置的快速脉冲从另一个位置采样缓慢衰减的脉冲。 各个运动感测单元是紧凑的，因此适用于致密的一维或二维成像阵列。 描述各种实施例。

    Optical transient sensor having a charge/discharge circuit
    3.
    发明授权
    Optical transient sensor having a charge/discharge circuit 失效
    具有充电/放电电路的光学瞬态传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06797934B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-09-28

    申请号：US10154514

    申请日：2002-05-23

    申请人： Jörg Kramer ,  Rahul Sarpeshkar

    发明人： Jörg Kramer ,  Rahul Sarpeshkar

    IPC分类号： H01L3100

    CPC分类号： H04N5/3745

    摘要： An optical transient sensor circuit includes a photodiode in series with a MOS feedback transistor connected across a voltage difference. An inverting amplifier having its input connected to the common connection between the photodiode and the MOS feedback transistor and its output connected to an output-node for a measure of the incoming irradiance. A charge/discharge circuit, having an input connected to the output of the inverting amplifier, having an output connected to the gate of the MOS feedback transistor and having a first and second output for half-wave rectified and thresholded contrast encoding measures of positive and negative irradiance transients. A capacitor connected between a constant potential and the gate of the MOS feedback transistor.

    摘要翻译： 光学瞬态传感器电路包括与跨越电压差连接的MOS反馈晶体管串联的光电二极管。 反相放大器的输入连接到光电二极管和MOS反馈晶体管之间的公共连接，其输出连接到输出节点，用于测量进入的辐照度。 具有连接到反相放大器的输出的输入的充电/放电电路具有连接到MOS反馈晶体管的栅极的输出，并且具有用于半波整流和阈值对比度编码措施的第一和第二输出为正和 负辐照瞬变。 连接在恒定电位和MOS反馈晶体管的栅极之间的电容器。