摘要:
The startup of a tubular reactor containing fresh or regenerated molecular sieve catalyst and cooled by steam generation on the shell side, as part of an olefin oligomerisation process, is improved by, during the startup phase of the reactor, controlling the pressure on the shell side of the reactor at maximum 10 barg. The startup may be further improved by controlling the inlet temperature of the hydrocarbon startup stream to the reactor, by controlling the flow of reactant olefins to the reactor, or by controlling the nature and/or concentration of the olefins in the reactor feed.
摘要:
The startup of a tubular reactor containing fresh or regenerated molecular sieve catalyst and cooled by steam generation on the shell side, as part of an olefin oligomerization process, is improved by, during the startup phase of the reactor, controlling the pressure on the shell side of the reactor at maximum 10 barg. The startup may be further improved by controlling the inlet temperature of the hydrocarbon startup stream to the reactor, by controlling the flow of reactant olefins to the reactor, or by controlling the nature and/or concentration of the olefins in the reactor feed.
摘要:
The conversion and run length for oligomerization of olefins over a molecular sieve catalyst in a tubular reactor is improved by controlling the peak temperature to not exceed 50 degrees C. above the temperature of the temperature control fluid exiting the shell side outlet of the reactor. A tubular reactor containing molecular sieve catalyst is provided with a multipoint thermocouple in at least one tube, and optionally with a bottom design adapted for fast unloading of the molecular sieve catalyst from the tubular reactor.
摘要:
The conversion and run length for oligomerisation of olefins over a molecular sieve catalyst in a tubular reactor is improved by controlling the peak temperature to not exceed 50 degrees C. above the temperature of the temperature control fluid exiting the shell side outlet of the reactor. A tubular reactor containing molecular sieve catalyst is provided with a multipoint thermocouple in at least one tube, and optionally with a bottom design adapted for fast unloading of the molecular sieve catalyst from the tubular reactor.
摘要:
An ethylene recycle method may include: obtaining an overheads stream comprising ethylene in a first gaseous state from an ethylene purification column; heating the overheads stream in a first heat exchanger to produce a heated overheads stream comprising the ethylene in a second gaseous state; compressing the heated overheads stream to yield a compressed ethylene stream comprising the ethylene in a first supercritical state; cooling the compressed ethylene stream to produce a cooled, compressed ethylene stream comprising the ethylene in a first liquid state, wherein the cooling comprises passing the compressed ethylene through the first heat exchanger; reducing the pressure of the cooled, compressed ethylene stream to produce a first recycle stream comprising the ethylene in a second liquid state and optionally a third gaseous state; and introducing the first recycle stream into the ethylene purification column.
摘要:
A paired basis swap risk and credit mitigation system and collateral minimization system. In swaps used to hedge forward contracts a system authority interposes itself and forms paired basis swaps with each of the paired swap participants and itself together with a Swaption to allow it to maintain a level book in the event of a default by any counterparty. In the event of a default the system authority has the ability to either terminate a swap and pay the non-defaulting counterparty an agreed upon termination payment, terminate the non-defaulting counterparty's swap and exercise the swaption to substitute a correlated swap with appropriate correlated termination payment; or substitute a new counterparty with an identical swap as the paired swap participant. Paired basis swap control through delivery can be enabled to continue the risk and credit mitigation benefits of the system.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a reactor system comprising at least one reactor wherein makeup water for said system is preheated by water/steam exiting said reactor. In a preferred embodiment the system comprises plural reactors and the invention provides for each reactor to independently achieve isothermal operating conditions.
摘要:
A paired basis swap risk and credit mitigation system and collateral minimization system. In swaps used to hedge forward contracts a system authority interposes itself and forms paired basis swaps with each of the paired swap participants and itself together with a Swaption to allow it to maintain a level book in the event of a default by any counterparty. In the event of a default the system authority has the ability to either terminate a swap and pay the non-defaulting counterparty an agreed upon termination payment, terminate the non-defaulting counterparty's swap and exercise the swaption to substitute a correlated swap with appropriate correlated termination payment; or substitute a new counterparty with an identical swap as the paired swap participant. Paired basis swap control through delivery can be enabled to continue the risk and credit mitigation benefits of the system.
摘要:
A paired basis swap risk and credit mitigation system and collateral minimization system. In swaps used to hedge forward contracts a system authority interposes itself and forms paired basis swaps with each of the paired swap participants and itself together with a Swaption to allow it to maintain a level book in the event of a default by any counterparty. In the event of a default the system authority has the ability to either terminate a swap and pay the non-defaulting counterparty an agreed upon termination payment, terminate the non-defaulting counterparty's swap and exercise the swaption to substitute a correlated swap with appropriate correlated termination payment; or substitute a new counterparty with an identical swap as the paired swap participant. Paired basis swap control through delivery can be enabled to continue the risk and credit mitigation benefits of the system.
摘要:
Peptides have been identified that bind with high affinity to dyed hair. Peptide-based hair reagents formed by coupling a dyed-hair-binding peptide to a benefit agent are described. The peptide-based hair reagents include peptide-based hair conditioners and hair colorants. The peptide-based hair conditioners and hair colorants are comprised of a dyed-hair-binding peptide coupled to a hair conditioning agent or a coloring agent, respectively. The peptide-based hair reagents or the dyed-hair-binding peptides may also be used as a protective sealant to improve color retention of dyed hair.