公开(公告)号：US4834474A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-30

申请号：US45991

申请日：1987-05-01

申请人： Nicholas George ,  Thomas W. Stone

发明人： Nicholas George ,  Thomas W. Stone

IPC分类号： G02B5/32 ,  G03H1/04 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： G03H1/0248 ,  G02B5/32 ,  H01S3/005 ,  G03H2001/043 ,  H01S3/0057 ,  Y10S372/70

摘要： Optical systems, using volume holographic elements (gratings) having geometries which tailor the spatio-temporal dispersion of the optical pulses for the system. The input optical pulse is characterized by a frequency variation across the temporal profile of the pulse. The various frequency components of this pulse are first dispersed by at least one grating which may be of the blazed reflection or holographic volume transmission type. The resultant dispersed light is then diffracted by a holographic volume grating which imparts the desired temporal dispersion characteristics to the pulse. The shape of the holographic element will vary according to the input pulse frequency profile as formed by varied chirping techniques. A grating stage may then be repeated, preferably with additional elements in mirror symmetry to the first or by retro-reflection, in order to recombine the spatially dispersed pulse components into an exiting pulse which may be of vastly compressed temporal profile. In optical dispersive delay lines, the grating geometry provides temporal dispersion which is a desired function of wavelength of the optical pulses.

摘要翻译： 光学系统，使用具有定制系统的光脉冲的时空色散的几何的体积全息元件（光栅）。 输入光脉冲的特征在于脉冲的时间曲线上的频率变化。 该脉冲的各种频率分量首先通过至少一个可能具有闪耀反射或全息体积传播类型的光栅来分散。 然后，所得到的散射光被全息体积光栅衍射，该全息体积光栅将期望的时间色散特性赋予脉冲。 全息元件的形状将根据由不同啁啾技术形成的输入脉冲频率分布而变化。 然后可以重复光栅平台，优选地具有与第一或反射反射镜对称的附加元件，以将空间分散的脉冲分量重新组合成可能具有极大压缩的时间特征的出射脉冲。 在光学色散延迟线中，光栅几何形状提供时间色散，其是光脉冲的波长的期望函数。

公开(公告)号：US4752130A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-21

申请号：US922913

申请日：1986-10-24

申请人： Nicholas George ,  Thomas W. Stone

发明人： Nicholas George ,  Thomas W. Stone

IPC分类号： G01J3/18 ,  G02F1/33 ,  H01S3/08

CPC分类号： G01J3/1838 ,  G02F1/33

摘要： An optical system which provides wavelength tuning and which may be a spectrometer, monochromator or tunable laser uses a volume transmission diffraction element which is characterized by a periodic, spatial variation of refractive index or polarizability or other light transmission effecting parameter, and which is distributed throughout the volume of the element. The wavelength is tuned by (1) varying the angles of the incident and diffracted light symmetrically with respect to the periodic distribution in the element and/or (2) by varying the spatial period of the diffracting element's volume modulation distribution which is maintained symmetric with respect to fixed incident and diffracted beam angles.

摘要翻译： 提供波长调谐并且可以是光谱仪，单色仪或可调谐激光器的光学系统使用体积透射衍射元件，其特征在于折射率或极化率或其他光透射效应参数的周期性，空间变化，并且其分布在整个 元素的体积。 通过（1）通过（1）相对于元件中的周期性分布对称地改变入射角和衍射光的角度和/或（2）通过改变维持对称的衍射元件的体积调制分布的空间周期来调谐波长， 关于固定事件和衍射光束角。

公开(公告)号：US4786124A

公开(公告)日：1988-11-22

申请号：US43124

申请日：1987-04-27

申请人： Thomas W. Stone ,  Nicholas George

发明人： Thomas W. Stone ,  Nicholas George

IPC分类号： G01D5/38 ,  G02B26/00 ,  G02B26/06 ,  G02B27/44 ,  G02F1/11 ,  G02B5/32 ,  G01B9/02 ,  G02B5/18

CPC分类号： G02F1/11 ,  G01D5/38 ,  G02B26/00 ,  G02B26/06 ,  G02B27/4277 ,  G02B27/4288

摘要： Achromatic optical systems forming phase shifters and phase modulators are presented and shown to impart (temporal) phase-angle shifts in incoming waves which are independent of wavelength over extremely broad spectral ranges (achromatic or white light). Three major classes of achromatic phase shifters are described including the triangle, close cascade, and imaged grating configurations. When constructed utilizing volume holographic optical elements, very high diffraction efficiencies may be achieved over the large bandwidths used. These systems may similarly be utilized to impart achromatic frequency shifts and frequency modulations which are wavelength independent over extreme spectral ranges and usually do not disturb the spatial form of the input waves. These devices may be used in AC interferometers and allow such interferometers to be operated with white light. The devices are also useful in switching between spatial sine and cosine optical transforms in optical pattern recognition systems.

摘要翻译： 呈现并示出形成移相器和相位调制器的消色差光学系统以在非常宽的光谱范围（无彩色或白光）上独立于波长的入射波中赋予（时间）相位角移动。 描述了三个主要类别的消色差移相器，包括三角形，接近级联和成像光栅配置。 当使用体积全息光学元件构造时，可以在所使用的大带宽上实现非常高的衍射效率。 这些系统可以类似地用于赋予在极光谱范围上波长独立的消色差频移和频率调制，并且通常不干扰输入波的空间形式。 这些装置可用在AC干涉仪中，并允许这种干涉仪用白光操作。 这些器件还可用于在光学模式识别系统中切换空间正弦和余弦光学变换。

公开(公告)号：US07729010B2

公开(公告)日：2010-06-01

申请号：US11501207

申请日：2006-08-07

申请人： Nicholas George

发明人： Nicholas George

IPC分类号： H04N1/40

CPC分类号： G06T5/003 ,  G06T5/10 ,  G06T5/50 ,  G06T2207/20056

摘要： A system for recovering degraded images captured through atmospheric turbulence, or other atmospheric inhomogeneities, such as snow, rain, smoke, fog, or underwater fluctuations, is provided having an imager for capturing through such turbulence both a degraded image of a scene having at least one object, and an image of a point source associated with the object. The imager converts the degraded image into first image data signals representing the degraded image, and converts the image of the point source into second image data signals representing a point spread function. A computer of the system receives the first and second image data signals and produces third image data signals representing a recovered image of the object of the degraded image in accordance with the first and second image data signals. In another embodiment, the imager captures a degraded image through atmospheric turbulence of a scene having a known reference object and an unknown object, and converts the degraded image into first image data signals. After receiving the first image data signals, the computer identifies in the first image data signals such image data signals representing the reference object. The computer produces image data signals representing a recovered image of the degraded image in accordance with the first image data signals, the image data signals representing the reference in the first image data signals, and image data signals representing an undegraded image of the reference. The computer may output the image data signals representing a recovered image to an output device to display or print the recovered image.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于恢复通过大气湍流或其他大气不均匀性（例如雪，雨，烟雾，雾或水下波动）捕获的退化图像的系统，其具有用于通过这种湍流捕获至少具有至少一个场景的劣化图像 一个对象和与对象相关联的点源的图像。 成像器将退化图像转换为表示退化图像的第一图像数据信号，并将点源的图像转换为表示点扩散函数的第二图像数据信号。 系统的计算机接收第一和第二图像数据信号，并根据第一和第二图像数据信号产生表示退化图像的对象的恢复图像的第三图像数据信号。 在另一个实施例中，成像器通过具有已知参考对象和未知对象的场景的大气湍流捕获退化图像，并将退化图像转换为第一图像数据信号。 在接收到第一图像数据信号之后，计算机在第一图像数据信号中识别表示参考对象的图像数据信号。 计算机根据第一图像数据信号产生表示退化图像的恢复图像的图像数据信号，表示第一图像数据信号中的参考的图像数据信号和表示参考的未降级图像的图像数据信号。 计算机可以将表示恢复的图像的图像数据信号输出到输出装置，以显示或打印恢复的图像。

公开(公告)号：US07511895B2

公开(公告)日：2009-03-31

申请号：US11956553

申请日：2007-12-14

申请人： Nicholas George ,  Wanli Chi

发明人： Nicholas George ,  Wanli Chi

IPC分类号： G02B13/00 ,  G02B3/00 ,  G02B13/18 ,  G02B3/02

CPC分类号： G02B27/0075 ,  G06T5/50 ,  H04N5/23229

摘要： An extended depth of field is achieved by a computational imaging system that combines a multifocal imaging subsystem for producing a purposefully blurred intermediate image with a digital processing subsystem for producing a recovered image having an extended depth of field. The multifocal imaging system exhibits spherical aberration as the dominant feature of the purposeful blur. In an aspect, a central obscuration of the multifocal imaging subsystem renders point-spread functions of object points more uniform over a range of object distances, however, the system may not include a centrally obscured aperture to achieve intended results. An iterative digital deconvolution algorithm for converting the intermediate image into the recovered image based on maximum entropy involves a metric parameter that speeds convergence, avoids stagnations, and enhances image quality.

摘要翻译： 通过计算成像系统实现扩展景深，该计算成像系统组合多焦点成像子系统，用于产生有目的地模糊的中间图像与数字处理子系统，用于产生具有扩展景深的恢复图像。 多焦点成像系统将球面像差作为目标模糊的主要特征。 在一个方面，多焦点成像子系统的中心遮蔽使得对象点的点扩散函数在对象距离的范围上更均匀，然而，该系统可能不包括用于实现预期结果的中心模糊孔径。 用于基于最大熵将中间图像转换成恢复图像的迭代数字去卷积算法涉及加速收敛，避免停滞并提高图像质量的度量参数。

公开(公告)号：US20080089598A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-17

申请号：US11956553

申请日：2007-12-14

申请人： Nicholas George ,  Wanli Chi

发明人： Nicholas George ,  Wanli Chi

IPC分类号： G06K9/40

CPC分类号： G02B27/0075 ,  G06T5/50 ,  H04N5/23229

摘要： An extended depth of field is achieved by a computational imaging system that combines a multifocal imaging subsystem for producing a purposefully blurred intermediate image with a digital processing subsystem for producing a recovered image having an extended depth of field. The multifocal imaging system exhibits spherical aberration as the dominant feature of the purposeful blur. In an aspect, a central obscuration of the multifocal imaging subsystem renders point-spread functions of object points more uniform over a range of object distances, however, the system may not include a centrally obscured aperture to achieve intended results. An iterative digital deconvolution algorithm for converting the intermediate image into the recovered image based on maximum entropy involves a metric parameter that speeds convergence, avoids stagnations, and enhances image quality.

摘要翻译： 通过计算成像系统实现扩展景深，该计算成像系统组合多焦点成像子系统，用于产生有目的地模糊的中间图像与数字处理子系统，用于产生具有扩展景深的恢复图像。 多焦点成像系统将球面像差作为目标模糊的主要特征。 在一个方面，多焦点成像子系统的中心遮蔽使得对象点的点扩散函数在对象距离的范围上更均匀，然而，该系统可能不包括用于实现预期结果的中心模糊孔径。 用于基于最大熵将中间图像转换成恢复图像的迭代数字去卷积算法涉及加速收敛，避免停滞并提高图像质量的度量参数。

公开(公告)号：US06583932B1

公开(公告)日：2003-06-24

申请号：US09777113

申请日：2001-02-05

申请人： Nicholas George ,  Donald J. Schertler

发明人： Nicholas George ,  Donald J. Schertler

IPC分类号： G02B2744

CPC分类号： G02B5/0221 ,  G02B5/0252 ,  G02B5/0278 ,  G02B5/1814 ,  G02B27/425

摘要： An improved optical system is provided for diffusing light uniformly over a wide angle, including, a diffractive element for diffracting light received by the system in multiple diffraction orders, and a diffusing element which diffuses the diffracted light. The diffractive element provides diffracted light having an angular distribution of intensities over the diffraction orders which is correlated to the power spectrum of the diffusing element such that the system produces a predetermined intensity distribution of diffused light. The diffraction period of the diffractive element is selected such that the angular separation between the zeroeth and first diffraction orders is approximately one-half the angular extent of the full-width-at-half-maximum of the power spectrum of the diffusing element. The strengths of the diffraction orders are selected such that the combination of diffused light from each diffractive order provides uniformity in the intensity of the diffused light from the system.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种改进的光学系统，用于在广角上均匀散射光，包括用于衍射由系统以多个衍射级接收的光的衍射元件和漫射衍射光的漫射元件。 衍射元件提供具有与散射元件的功率谱相关的衍射级的强度角度分布的衍射光，使得系统产生预定的漫射光强度分布。 衍射元件的衍射周期被选择为使得第零和第一衍射级之间的角度间隔大约是漫射元件的功率谱的全宽度 - 半最大值的角度范围的一半。 选择衍射级的强度使得来自每个衍射级的漫射光的组合提供了来自系统的漫射光的强度的均匀性。

公开(公告)号：US06459818B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-01

申请号：US09259774

申请日：1999-03-01

申请人： Nicholas George

发明人： Nicholas George

IPC分类号： G06K940

CPC分类号： G06T5/003 ,  G06T5/10 ,  G06T5/50 ,  G06T2207/20056

摘要： A system for recovering degraded images captured through atmospheric turbulence, or other atmospheric inhomogeneities, such as snow, rain, smoke, fog, or underwater fluctuations, is provided having an imager for capturing through such turbulence both a degraded image of a scene having at least one object, and an image of a point source associated with the object. The imager converts the degraded image into first image data signals representing the degraded image, and converts the image of the point source into second image data signals representing a point spread function. A computer of the system receives the first and second image data signals and produces third image data signals representing a recovered image of the object of the degraded image in accordance with the first and second image data signals. In another embodiment, the imager captures a degraded image through atmospheric turbulence of a scene having a known reference object and an unknown object, and converts the degraded image into first image data signals. After receiving the first image data signals, the computer identifies in the first image data signals such image data signals representing the reference object. The computer produces image data signals representing a recovered image of the degraded image in accordance with the first image data signals, the image data signals representing the reference in the first image data signals, and image data signals representing an undegraded image of the reference. The computer may output the image data signals representing a recovered image to an output device to display or print the recovered image.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于恢复通过大气湍流或其他大气不均匀性（例如雪，雨，烟雾，雾或水下波动）捕获的退化图像的系统，其具有用于通过这种湍流捕获至少具有至少一个场景的劣化图像 一个对象和与对象相关联的点源的图像。 成像器将退化图像转换为表示退化图像的第一图像数据信号，并将点源的图像转换为表示点扩散函数的第二图像数据信号。 系统的计算机接收第一和第二图像数据信号，并根据第一和第二图像数据信号产生表示退化图像的对象的恢复图像的第三图像数据信号。 在另一个实施例中，成像器通过具有已知参考对象和未知对象的场景的大气湍流捕获退化图像，并将退化图像转换为第一图像数据信号。 在接收到第一图像数据信号之后，计算机在第一图像数据信号中识别表示参考对象的图像数据信号。 计算机根据第一图像数据信号产生表示退化图像的恢复图像的图像数据信号，表示第一图像数据信号中的参考的图像数据信号和表示参考的未降级图像的图像数据信号。 计算机可以将表示恢复的图像的图像数据信号输出到输出装置，以显示或打印恢复的图像。

公开(公告)号：US08379292B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-19

申请号：US13286659

申请日：2011-11-01

申请人： Nicholas George ,  Kedar Khare

发明人： Nicholas George ,  Kedar Khare

IPC分类号： G02B26/00

CPC分类号： G02B27/1086 ,  G02B26/06 ,  G02B27/0025 ,  G02B27/144 ,  G02B27/149

摘要： A phase screen, i.e., an opto-electronic device that can convert a distorted incoming optical wavefront into a plane wave or, conversely, transform a plane wave into a prescribed varying output wavefront. Binary all-digital MEMS interferometer configurations that can be used to create controlled and arbitrary optical wavefront using only 0,1 amplitude changes followed by differential propagation distances to convert these amplitude variations into controllable and/or continuous phase variations. Clustered pixel notions, such as Floyd-Steinberg, Stucki or other algorithms useful in digital half-tone printing, are simultaneously employed to create controllable grey-level variations as well as continuous phase variations. Desired grey-levels can be obtained wherein each pixel is formed by, e.g., a 3×3 or 5×5 cluster of mirrors. Both the filling-in of the outputs of the binary mirror (0,1) and the grey-levels are accomplished simply by spatial averaging over a short propagation distance.

摘要翻译： 相位屏幕，即可将失真的入射光波前转换成平面波的光电器件，或相反地将平面波变换成规定的变化输出波前。 二进制全数字MEMS干涉仪配置，可用于仅使用0.1个振幅变化创建受控和任意的光波阵面，随后是差分传播距离，将这些幅度变化转换为可控和/或连续的相位变化。 同时使用诸如Floyd-Steinberg，Stucki或其他可用于数字半色调打印的算法的聚类像素概念来创建可控的灰度级变化以及连续的相位变化。 可以获得期望的灰度级，其中每个像素由例如3×3或5×5的反射镜簇形成。 二进制镜（0,1）的输出和灰度级的输入都可以简单地通过短的传播距离进行空间平均来完成。

公开(公告)号：US20110085051A1

公开(公告)日：2011-04-14

申请号：US12898060

申请日：2010-10-05

申请人： Wanli Chi ,  Nicholas George

发明人： Wanli Chi ,  Nicholas George

IPC分类号： H04N5/228 ,  G02F1/35

CPC分类号： H04N5/2254 ,  G02F2203/01 ,  G02F2203/02 ,  G02F2203/12 ,  G02F2203/50 ,  G02F2203/69 ,  G03H1/041 ,  G03H2001/0447 ,  G03H2223/13 ,  G03H2223/23

摘要： A novel phase-coded aperture, associated imaging system, and design method is disclosed. The optical imaging system includes a coded-aperture followed optically by a detector array and includes an image processor. A diffraction pattern in the form of a band-limited uniformly redundant array is formed on the detector array when focusable radiation from a point source in object space is modulation by the transmission function of the coded-aperture. Since diffraction effects cannot be ignored in the optical regime, an iterative phase retrieval method is used to calculate the phase-coded aperture transmission function. Correlation type processing can be applied for the image recovery.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种新颖的相位编码孔径，相关成像系统和设计方法。 该光学成像系统包括经检测器阵列光学后接的编码孔径，并包括图像处理器。 当通过编码孔径的传输函数调制来自对象空间中的点源的可聚焦辐射时，在检测器阵列上形成带限均匀冗余阵列形式的衍射图案。 由于衍射效应在光学状态下不能被忽略，所以使用迭代相位检索方法来计算相位编码孔径传播函数。 相关类型处理可以应用于图像恢复。