公开(公告)号：US5608405A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-04

申请号：US539928

申请日：1995-10-06

申请人： Mark D. Pritt

发明人： Mark D. Pritt

IPC分类号： G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/9023

摘要： In a method of recovering data representing terrain height from a synthetic aperture radar system the phase data is unwrapped by a Gauss-Seidel relaxation technique applied to a least squares differential equation in a multigrid algorithm. In the multigrid algorithm the problem represented by the least squares equation is transferred to successively coarser grids to more quickly remove the low frequency components of error. The resulting interim solutions determined on the coarser grids are then transferred successively back to the finer grids to converge on the finest grid of the grid array.

摘要翻译： 在从合成孔径雷达系统恢复表示地形高度的数据的方法中，相位数据由应用于多网格算法中的最小二乘微分方程的高斯 - 塞德尔弛豫技术展开。 在多重网格算法中，由最小二乘方程表示的问题被转移到连续较粗的网格，以更快速地去除低频分量的误差。 然后将在较粗的网格上确定的所得到的临时解决方案连续转移回较细的网格，以收敛到网格阵列的最佳网格。

公开(公告)号：US5542032A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-30

申请号：US131357

申请日：1993-10-04

申请人： Mark D. Pritt

发明人： Mark D. Pritt

IPC分类号： G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/10

CPC分类号： G06T15/503

摘要： A method and system for generating an anti-aliased image of a three dimensional surface is described. A point of view of the display screen is specified by an azimuth angle and an elevation angle with respect to the three-dimensional surface. The surface is defined as a two-dimensional array of height values. The projection of a point of the surface to the display plane is performed by applying a rotation based on the azimuth and elevation angles, followed by a parallel projection to the display plane so that, the columns of the surface project to the columns of the display screen. The points of the surface are projected in pairs, starting with the nearest points within a column and proceeding to the farthest points of the column. The grey-level shading (or color) values are accumulated in a one-dimensional array of floating-point variables that store the intensities of the pixels of a column of the display screen. The intensities are accumulated by weighting the grey-level shades (or colors) by the distance between the projected pair of points and by the fractional offsets from the integer-valued pixel locations. Because the grey-level shade of every grid point of the surface contributes to the pixel intensities, aliasing effects within columns of pixels are avoided. Aliasing effects across columns are avoided by the use of intermediate scan lines between the columns of pixels.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于产生三维表面的抗锯齿图像的方法和系统。 显示屏的视点由相对于三维表面的方位角和仰角指定。 表面被定义为高度值的二维数组。 通过施加基于方位角和仰角的旋转，然后将平行投影到显示平面来执行表面的点到显示平面的投影，使得表面的列突出到显示器的列 屏幕。 表面上的点成对投影，从列中的最近点开始，并进入列的最远点。 灰度级着色（或颜色）值被累积在存储显示屏的列的像素的强度的浮点变量的一维数组中。 通过将灰度级色调（或颜色）加权到投影对点之间的距离和通过整数像素位置的分数偏移量来累加强度。 因为表面的每个网格点的灰度级色调有助于像素强度，所以避免了像素列内的混叠效应。 通过使用像素列之间的中间扫描线来避免列之间的混叠效应。

公开(公告)号：US6150973A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

申请号：US361182

申请日：1999-07-27

申请人： Mark D. Pritt

发明人： Mark D. Pritt

IPC分类号： G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/9023

摘要： In a phase unwrapping and correction system, phase wrapped data is unwrapped with an unwrapping algorithm to obtain unwrapped image data. The unwrapped image data is further processed to correct the unwrapped image data by dividing the image represented by the unwrapped image data into regions defining boundaries corresponding to inconsistencies in the image data. The regions are then corrected by comparing them with one another and adjusting the multiples of 2.pi. assigned to each region to minimize discontinuities between the regions.

摘要翻译： 在相位展开和校正系统中，使用解包算法展开相位包裹的数据以获得未打包的图像数据。 进一步处理展开的图像数据，以通过将由展开的图像数据表示的图像划分成定义与图像数据中的不一致对应的边界的区域来校正未展开的图像数据。 然后通过将它们彼此比较并调整分配给每个区域的2 pi的倍数来最小化区域之间的不连续性来校正区域。

公开(公告)号：US5926581A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-20

申请号：US637842

申请日：1996-04-25

申请人： Mark D. Pritt

发明人： Mark D. Pritt

IPC分类号： G01C11/06 ,  G06T3/00 ,  G06T7/00 ,  H04N13/00 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/32 ,  G06K9/36 ,  H04N7/18

CPC分类号： H04N13/0239 ,  G01C11/06 ,  G06T3/0075 ,  G06T7/0075 ,  G06T2200/08 ,  G06T2207/10012 ,  H04N2013/0081

摘要： In a method for generating a model of terrain, images of the terrain are generated at different angles. Matching points in the images are identified and from these matching points, the coefficients of a registration mapping equation are determined. A height term of the registration matching equation is corrected for scaling and shear into an elevation term in the coordinates of one of the images. The elevation is rotated into the coordinates of the ground plane of the terrain to provide a digital elevation model of the terrain. Interpolation is carried out through the digital elevation model to provide a three-dimensional model of the terrain. In a system for measuring the accuracy of a registration mapping equation, first and second images are generated from a digital elevation model. The registration mapping equation being tested is applied to the images to generate an estimated digital matching function which is compared with the actual registration matching function for the two images.

摘要翻译： 在生成地形模型的方法中，以不同的角度生成地形图像。 识别图像中的匹配点，并从这些匹配点确定登记映射方程的系数。 校正注册匹配方程的高度项，以便在一个图像的坐标中对缩放和剪切进行高程项。 高程旋转到地形的地平面的坐标，以提供地形的数字高程模型。 通过数字高程模型进行插值，以提供地形的三维模型。 在用于测量注册映射方程的精度的系统中，从数字高程模型生成第一和第二图像。 将被测试的对准映射方程应用于图像以产生估计的数字匹配函数，其与两个图像的实际配准匹配功能进行比较。

公开(公告)号：US06516097B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

申请号：US09354723

申请日：1999-07-16

申请人： Mark D. Pritt

发明人： Mark D. Pritt

IPC分类号： G06K944

CPC分类号： G06T7/12 ,  G06T7/181 ,  G06T7/194 ,  G06T2207/30108

摘要： In a system for segmenting a pixel based image, pixels containing image boundaries are identified. The image boundaries are then fattened by repeatedly adding fattening rows of pixels to the pixels containing boundaries to separate the remaining pixels into separate segments. The separate segments are then grown back to their original size before the boundaries were fattened. This operation has the effect of linking the boundaries together to separate the image into segments and to extend incomplete boundaries into complete boundaries around segments in the image.

摘要翻译： 在用于分割基于像素的图像的系统中，识别包含图像边界的像素。 然后，通过反复地向包含边界的像素添加育肥行，将剩余像素分离成单独的片段，从而使图像边界变胖。 然后将分开的部分生长回原来的尺寸，然后再分配边界。 该操作具有将边界连接在一起以将图像分割成段并将不完整边界扩展到图像中的段周围的完整边界的效果。

公开(公告)号：US5680138A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-21

申请号：US573083

申请日：1995-12-15

申请人： Mark D. Pritt

发明人： Mark D. Pritt

IPC分类号： G01S7/40 ,  G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S7/4052 ,  G01S13/90 ,  G01S2007/4082

摘要： In a simulated synthetic aperture radar SAR, a terrain elevation model is provided. A phase component of the simulated SAR data is computed by determining a distance between incremental terrain points and a simulated SAR platform modulo the wavelength. The amplitude component is computed in the following manner. The terrain elevation model is rotated about a vertical axis to present terrain strips extending perpendicular to the assumed direction of travel of the SAR platform. Points distributed along the terrain strips are projected into an illumination plane perpendicular to the assumed SAR signal and into an image plane perpendicular to the illumination plane. Brightness values and areas in shadow from the simulated SAR signal are determined by the projection into the illumination plane and brightness values are accumulated into an accumulation register corresponding to incremental pixel areas of the image plane by interpolating the brightness of illumination values in accordance with the incremental pixel areas of the image plane.

摘要翻译： 在模拟合成孔径雷达SAR中，提供了地形高程模型。 通过确定增量地形点和模拟SAR平台之间的距离来计算模拟SAR数据的相位分量。 以下列方式计算幅度分量。 地形高程模型围绕垂直轴旋转，以呈现垂直于假定的SAR平台行进方向延伸的地形条。 沿着地形带分布的点被投影到垂直于假设的SAR信号的照明平面中并且投射到垂直于照明平面的图像平面中。 通过投影到照明平面中确定来自模拟SAR信号的阴影中的亮度值和区域，并且通过根据增量来内插照明值的亮度，将亮度值累积到对应于图像平面的增量像素区域的累加寄存器中 图像平面的像素区域。

公开(公告)号：US06532311B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-11

申请号：US09258395

申请日：1999-02-26

申请人： Mark D. Pritt

发明人： Mark D. Pritt

IPC分类号： G06K920

CPC分类号： G06F17/30274

摘要： In an image browser for browsing a deck of hyperspectral images, the images of the deck are divided into square blocks each containing 25 pixels. The images are browsed by selecting foci of attention in selected images in sequence. Each time a focus of attention is selected, the image block containing that focus of attention is read out and displayed. Then if no new focus of attention has been selected by moving the focus of attention in the selected image or by changing the selected image, the image blocks surrounding the focus of attention in the selected image are read out and displayed in a spiral pattern until a new focus of attention is selected whereupon the process of read out and display starts again from the new focus of attention.

摘要翻译： 在用于浏览高光谱图像的图像浏览器中，甲板的图像被分成平方块，每个块包含25个像素。 通过依次选择所选图像中的注意焦点来浏览图像。 每次选择注意焦点时，读出并显示包含该注意焦点的图像块。 然后，如果通过移动所选图像中的注意焦点或通过改变所选择的图像来选择新的关注焦点，则将所选图像中的关注焦点周围的图像块读出并以螺旋图案显示，直到 选择新的关注焦点，因此从新的注意焦点再次开始读出和显示的过程。

公开(公告)号：US5689717A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-18

申请号：US598094

申请日：1996-02-07

申请人： Mark D. Pritt

发明人： Mark D. Pritt

IPC分类号： G06F3/048 ,  G06F3/14 ,  G06T11/00 ,  G06T11/60 ,  G06T13/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/60 ,  G06T11/00

摘要： A method and system for placing annotations of various sizes on a display without overlapping the annotations is described. Each annotation is represented by its rectangular bounding box along with an identifying line or arrow that joins the rectangle with the display object that is to be annotated. These rectangles and lines are stored in a list. When an additional annotation is to be placed on the display, it is tested at various positions to determine if there is overlap with the annotations that are already on the display. The tested positions are chosen by varying the length of the identifying line and the angle it forms with the horizontal. When a position is found that yields no overlap, the annotation is placed on the display and added to the list of positioned annotations. This approach is very fast due to the simplicity of the overlap tests, which consist of simple geometric operations. The approach is also fast because it can do a quick search first followed by a more exhaustive search if no suitable position is found. It also can be modified easily to place the annotations without crowding them too closely together.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于在不重叠注释的情况下将各种尺寸的注释放置在显示器上的方法和系统。 每个注释由其矩形边界框以及将矩形连接到要注释的显示对象的标识行或箭头表示。 这些矩形和线条存储在列表中。 当在显示器上放置附加注释时，将在不同位置进行测试，以确定是否与已显示的注释重叠。 通过改变识别线的长度和与水平面形成的角度来选择测试位置。 当找到不产生重叠的位置时，该注释将放置在显示屏上，并添加到已定位的注释列表中。 由于重复测试的简单性，这种方法非常快，其中包括简单的几何运算。 该方法也很快，因为如果没有找到合适的位置，它可以先进行快速搜索，然后进行更详尽的搜索。 它也可以轻松地进行修改以放置注释，而不必将它们太紧密地集中在一起。

公开(公告)号：US5473746A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-05

申请号：US042238

申请日：1993-04-01

申请人： Mark D. Pritt ,  Thomas B. Greening

发明人： Mark D. Pritt ,  Thomas B. Greening

IPC分类号： B64G1/22 ,  B64G1/24 ,  B64G1/36 ,  B64G7/00 ,  G01C21/24 ,  G01S3/786 ,  G05D1/08 ,  G09B9/52 ,  G06F3/14

CPC分类号： B64G1/361 ,  B64G1/22 ,  B64G1/24 ,  G01C21/24 ,  G09B9/52 ,  G01S3/7867 ,  Y10S715/973

摘要： Interactive graphical attitude maneuver planning computer system for planning satellite attitude maneuvers allows a user to immediately see where star trackers are pointing when the attitude and orbital position of a satellite are varied on the computer system. The computer system includes a graphics display on which the celestial sphere, centered at the satellite rather than the Earth, is projected. The horizontal axis of the display measures the Right Ascension angle, while the vertical axis measures the Declination angle. The display shows, in addition to stars, the region of the sky occluded by the Earth and interference regions around the moon, sun and planets, in which the star trackers should not point, and the fields of view of the star trackers. The attitude of the satellite is adjusted by means of graphical slider bars which vary the roll, pitch and yaw angle rotations. As the slider bars are adjusted, the star trackers move across the sky, and the stars pass through their fields of view, making it immediately obvious to the user where the star trackers are pointing, whether or not they will detect certain stars, and whether or not they will point too closely to the Earth, moon, sun, or planets.

摘要翻译： 用于规划卫星姿态机动的交互式图形姿态机动计划计算机系统允许用户在计算机系统上改变卫星的姿态和轨道位置时立即看到明星跟踪器所指向的位置。 计算机系统包括图形显示器，其上以卫星而不是地球为中心的天球。 显示屏的水平轴测量右上升角，而垂直轴测量偏角。 除了星星之外，显示屏还显示了由地球遮蔽的天空和月球周围的干扰区域，太阳和行星，星际跟踪器不应该指向的区域，以及星形跟踪器的视野。 卫星的姿态通过改变滚动，俯仰和偏航角旋转的图形滑块调节。 随着滑块的调整，星形跟踪器在天空中移动，星星通过它们的视场，使明星跟踪器所指向的用户立即显而易见，无论它们是否会检测到某些恒星，以及是否 或者他们不会太贴近地球，月球，太阳或行星。