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    Chemical and biological sensors, systems and methods based on radio frequency identification
    4.
    发明授权
    Chemical and biological sensors, systems and methods based on radio frequency identification 有权
    基于射频识别的化学和生物传感器，系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US08318099B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-11-27

    申请号：US11259711

    申请日：2005-10-26

    申请人： Radislav Alexandrovich Potyrailo ,  William Guy Morris ,  Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II ,  Andrew Michael Leach ,  Andrew David Pris

    发明人： Radislav Alexandrovich Potyrailo ,  William Guy Morris ,  Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II ,  Andrew Michael Leach ,  Andrew David Pris

    IPC分类号： G01N27/00

    CPC分类号： G06K19/07749 ,  G01N27/3275 ,  G01N27/3278 ,  G06K19/0717 ,  Y10T436/11 ,  Y10T436/25375

    摘要： Embodiments of the invention include a wireless sensor, such as an RFID tag, that includes a substrate, an antenna disposed on the substrate, and an environmentally sensitive sensor material disposed over at least a portion of said substrate. Other embodiments an RFID tag and at least one antibody coupled to the RFID tag. The RFID tag includes a substrate, circuitry disposed on the substrate, and an antenna coupled to the substrate. The at least one antibody is capable of affecting the signals emanating from the RFID tag. Further embodiments include a detection system that includes a reader. Yet other embodiments include a method for detecting specific analytes. The method includes providing an RFID tag which emanates a first signal having a first frequency, and enabling the REID tag to emanate a second signal having a second frequency upon attraction of a specific analyte to the RFID tag.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例包括诸如RFID标签的无线传感器，其包括基板，设置在基板上的天线以及设置在所述基板的至少一部分上的对环境敏感的传感器材料。 其他实施例是RFID标签和耦合到RFID标签的至少一个抗体。 RFID标签包括衬底，设置在衬底上的电路和耦合到衬底的天线。 所述至少一种抗体能够影响从RFID标签发出的信号。 另外的实施例包括包括读取器的检测系统。 其他实施方案包括用于检测特定分析物的方法。 该方法包括提供发射具有第一频率的第一信号的RFID标签，并且使得REID标签在将特定分析物吸引到RFID标签时能够发出具有第二频率的第二信号。

    NTSC tuner to improve ATSC channel acquisition and reception
    7.
    发明授权
    NTSC tuner to improve ATSC channel acquisition and reception 有权
    NTSC调谐器改善ATSC频道的采集和接收

    公开(公告)号：US06538704B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-03-25

    申请号：US09422444

    申请日：1999-10-21

    申请人： Mark Lewis Grabb ,  Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II ,  John Erik Hershey

    发明人： Mark Lewis Grabb ,  Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II ,  John Erik Hershey

    IPC分类号： H04N544

    CPC分类号： H04N5/4401 ,  H04N5/211 ,  H04N5/46 ,  H04N21/42638 ,  H04N21/4384

    摘要： Reduction in the time required for an Advanced Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television tuner to equalize, converge, and acquire a digital television signal suitable for viewing, wherein early model ATSC tuners also include a National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) analog tuner, is achieved by using a microprocessor to control use of the NTSC tuner to scan television channels. A channel measurement module converts the scanned analog signal to a digital signal, and the equalization coefficients for the resultant digital signal are stored in memory. The equalization coefficients stored in memory are then accessed and utilized to tune in new channels on the ATSC tuner. The amount of time necessary for the ATSC tuner to tune in a new channel is thus reduced. When the ATSC tuner is in use, the equalization coefficient data stored in memory are periodically updated.

    摘要翻译： 降低高级电视标准委员会（ATSC）数字电视调谐器平衡，收敛和获取适合观看的数字电视信号所需的时间，其中早期模式ATSC调谐器还包括国家电视标准委员会（NTSC）模拟调谐器， 通过使用微处理器来控制NTSC调谐器的使用来扫描电视频道来实现。 通道测量模块将扫描的模拟信号转换为数字信号，并将所得数字信号的均衡系数存储在存储器中。 存储在存储器中的均衡系数然后被访问并用于调谐ATSC调谐器上的新通道。 因此，ATSC调谐器调谐到新频道所需的时间量减少。 当使用ATSC调谐器时，周期性地更新存储在存储器中的均衡系数数据。

    Internet download enhancement system
    8.
    发明授权
    Internet download enhancement system 有权
    互联网下载增强系统

    公开(公告)号：US06532495B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-03-11

    申请号：US09299927

    申请日：1999-04-27

    申请人： Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II ,  Aiman Albert Abdel-Malek

    发明人： Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II ,  Aiman Albert Abdel-Malek

    IPC分类号： G06F1516

    CPC分类号： H04N21/8126 ,  H04L29/06 ,  H04L67/06 ,  H04L69/14 ,  H04L69/329 ,  H04N7/17318 ,  H04N21/235 ,  H04N21/2385 ,  H04N21/2402 ,  H04N21/25435 ,  H04N21/2668 ,  H04N21/435 ,  H04N21/4622 ,  H04N21/6408 ,  H04N21/6581 ,  H04N21/6587

    摘要： An Internet download enhancement system for downloading a file comprising an application arranged to initiate a download process and receive a downloaded file over one of a narrow band download path and a broadband broadcast download path, wherein modules in communication with the application are arranged to provide selectable download options among the available download paths. The selectable download options are based at least on an unused bandwidth of one or more of the download paths, thereby enabling the input of a selected download option. The modules are arranged in response to the input to cause a download process to download files over one of the narrow band download path and the broadband broadcast download path and then to output the downloaded file to application.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于下载文件的因特网下载增强系统，所述文件包括布置成发起下载过程并且通过窄带下载路径和宽带广播下载路径之一接收下载的文件的应用，其中与所述应用通信的模块被布置成提供可选择的 在可用的下载路径中下载选项。 可选择的下载选项至少基于一个或多个下载路径的未使用的带宽，从而使得能够输入所选择的下载选项。 这些模块响应于输入被安排以使下载过程通过窄带下载路径和宽带广播下载路径之一上下载文件，然后将下载的文件输出到应用程序。

    Implementation of N-VSB training sequences in N-squared QAM receiver structures
    9.
    发明授权
    Implementation of N-VSB training sequences in N-squared QAM receiver structures 有权
    在N平方QAM接收机结构中实现N-VSB训练序列

    公开(公告)号：US06459741B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-10-01

    申请号：US09422450

    申请日：1999-10-21

    申请人： Mark Lewis Grabb ,  John Erik Hershey ,  Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II

    发明人： Mark Lewis Grabb ,  John Erik Hershey ,  Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II

    IPC分类号： H04L512

    CPC分类号： H04L27/02 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04N5/211 ,  H04N5/4401 ,  H04N5/455

    摘要： Training sequences designed for N-VSB systems within the embodiment of an N-squared QAM receiver facilitate designing 8-VSB receivers using methodologies of 64-QAM receiver design. A receiver designed using such methodologies converts the received modulation into a signal which can be accepted by circuitry for decoding 64 level quadrature-amplitude modulation (64-QAM) signals. This process provides a better signal to noise ratio reception than the conventional I-channel only decoding circuitry of most 8-VSB receivers. This process also employs training and equalizing algorithms developed for 64-QAM receivers which are superior to equivalent algorithms for 8-VSB receivers. The invention can be generalized to N-VSB conversion into M-QAM where M=N2. Adaptive equalization algorithms for 8-VSB transmissions implemented within the context of the 64 QAM receiver are superior to present single-channel VSP processing receivers. Present 64 QAM equalization strategies can be employed when receiving an 8-VSB waveform, given removal of the pilot tone and time offset, except when employing a training sequence. Modifications to the 8-VSB training sequence specification are employed for operation within a 64 QAM receiver design.

    摘要翻译： 在N平方QAM接收机的实施例中为N-VSB系统设计的训练序列有助于使用64-QAM接收机设计的方法来设计8-VSB接收机。 使用这种方法设计的接收机将接收到的调制转换成可由用于解码64级正交幅度调制（64-QAM）信号的电路接受的信号。 该过程提供比大多数8-VSB接收机的常规I信道唯一解码电路更好的信噪比接收。 该过程还采用为64-QAM接收机开发的训练和均衡算法，优于8-VSB接收机的等效算法。 本发明可以推广到N-VSB转换为M-QAM，其中M = N2。 在64QAM接收机的上下文中实现的用于8-VSB传输的自适应均衡算法优于目前的单信道VSP处理接收机。 当使用训练序列时，除了导频和时间偏移之外，当接收到8-VSB波形时，可以采用64个QAM均衡策略。 采用对8-VSB训练序列规范的修改用于在64QAM接收机设计中的操作。

    Very low power high accuracy time and frequency circuits in GPS based tracking units
    10.
    发明授权
    Very low power high accuracy time and frequency circuits in GPS based tracking units 失效
    基于GPS的跟踪单元具有极低功耗的高精度时间和频率电路

    公开(公告)号：US5864315A

    公开(公告)日：1999-01-26

    申请号：US833564

    申请日：1997-04-07

    申请人： Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II ,  Richard Louis Frey

    发明人： Kenneth Brakeley Welles, II ,  Richard Louis Frey

    IPC分类号： G01S1/00 ,  G01S5/02 ,  G01J5/00

    CPC分类号： G01S19/34 ,  G01S19/235

    摘要： A direct sequence spread spectrum signal processing system permits the receiver to be turned off during most of the acquisition phase of reception to significantly reduce the on time of the associated receiver front end. Power requirements are further reduced by use of very low power high accuracy time and frequency circuits in GPS based tracking units. The microprocessor based GPS tracking system is shut down almost all the time, using extremely little electrical power, and is powered up for very short periods of time at scheduled intervals by an extremely low power clock circuit with accuracy that varies with temperature. Each time the microprocessor is powered up, system temperature is recorded in memory. At times when the microprocessor is powered up, the GPS system is accessed and the GPS standard time is read. The difference between the low power clock circuit based time and the GPS based time is correlated with the recorded temperature history. A correction table, built from this data, provides a temperature history based correction to the low power clock based circuit without reference to the GPS system, and provides a highly accurate time standard. An additional table constructed in the microprocessor temperature compensates the local frequency standard used for frequency synthesis in satellite communication channels. This table is constructed by measuring offset between the calculated and actual synthesized frequency required to lock onto the satellite transmitted reference (pilot tone), and correlating this measured offset with the system ambient temperature.

    摘要翻译： 直接序列扩频信号处理系统允许接收机在接收的大部分采集阶段期间被关闭，以显着减少相关接收机前端的接通时间。 通过在基于GPS的跟踪单元中使用非常低功率的高精度时间和频率电路来进一步降低功率需求。 基于微处理器的GPS跟踪系统几乎全部关闭，使用极少的电力，并且由精确度随温度变化的极低功率时钟电路以预定的间隔供电非常短的时间段。 每当微处理器通电时，系统温度都会记录在存储器中。 当微处理器上电时，GPS系统被访问并且读取GPS标准时间。 基于低功率时钟电路的时间和基于GPS的时间之间的差异与记录的温度历史相关。 根据该数据构建的校正表提供基于低功率时钟的电路的基于温度历史的校正，而不参考GPS系统，并且提供高度准确的时间标准。 在微处理器温度下构造的附加表补偿了用于卫星通信信道中频率合成的本地频率标准。 该表是通过测量锁定到卫星传输参考（导频音）所需的计算和实际合成频率之间的偏移量，并将该测量的偏移与系统环境温度相关联构成的。