Abstract:
A process for producing a usable product in a reactor comprising introducing co-reactants comprising a fuel source and oxygen into a first section through an inlet, the fuel source comprising carbon; combusting at least a portion of the fuel source and oxygen in an exothermic reaction in the first section using a burner; transferring the co-reactants through a second section that includes a throat having a size that is smaller than a size of the first section, such that a vacuum is induced and a velocity of the co-reactants increases; transferring the co-reactants into a third section that is downstream from the throat and includes an inner wall having a size that is greater than the size of the throat; depositing at least a portion of the uncombusted carbon and a metal oxide along the inner wall, wherein the metal oxide is introduced into at least one of the sections; converting the deposited metal oxide into the usable product in a carbothermic reduction reaction within a molten slag along the inner wall at a temperature of at least 1600° C.
Abstract:
A classifier including a housing, a body, a vane assembly, and an outlet. The housing extends along a longitudinal axis between opposing first and second ends, and includes a lower portion provided at the first end and including an inlet, an upper portion provided at the second end and including a reclaim outlet, and an intermediate portion provided between the upper and lower portions. The body is disposed within the housing that defines a chamber therebetween. The vane assembly includes a plurality of blades and is provided between an outer surface of the body and an inner surface of the intermediate portion dividing the chamber into first and second chambers. The outlet is provided at the second end and is fluidly connected to the second chamber to allow fine particles separated from coarse particles to flow through the outlet. The reclaim outlet is fluidly connected with the second chamber and a pulverizer to allow coarse particles separated from the fluid flow to be directed back to the pulverizer.
Abstract:
A classifier including a housing, a body, a vane assembly, and an outlet. The housing extends along a longitudinal axis between opposing first and second ends, and includes a lower portion provided at the first end and including an inlet, an upper portion provided at the second end and including a reclaim outlet, and an intermediate portion provided between the upper and lower portions. The body is disposed within the housing that defines a chamber therebetween. The vane assembly includes a plurality of blades and is provided between an outer surface of the body and an inner surface of the intermediate portion dividing the chamber into first and second chambers. The outlet is provided at the second end and is fluidly connected to the second chamber to allow fine particles separated from coarse particles to flow through the outlet. The reclaim outlet is fluidly connected with the second chamber and a pulverizer to allow coarse particles separated from the fluid flow to be directed back to the pulverizer.
Abstract:
A process for upgrading a solid carbonaceous material includes heating the solid carbonaceous material in the presence of a catalyst under partial pyrolysis conditions and obtaining an upgraded solid carbonaceous product, a gaseous product, and a spent catalyst.
Abstract:
A method for producing a usable by-product in a cyclone reactor. The method comprises introducing a reactant into a housing of the reactor through an inlet; using a burner to combust a first portion of the reactant in an exothermic reaction provided in a flame zone near a center of the housing; consuming a second portion of the reactant in an endothermic reaction near an outer wall of the housing to produce the by-product as part of a slag layer; and removing the slag layer including the by-product though an outlet in the housing; wherein the endothermic reaction takes place at a temperature of at least 1600° C.