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公开(公告)号：US06305227B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US09145621
申请日：1998-09-02
IPC分类号： G01L900
CPC分类号： E21B47/123 , G01H9/004
摘要： A quartz sensing system includes a quartz sensor, an electromechanical converter, an optical source, an optical fiber and a signal processor. The quartz sensor responds to a pressure, and further responds to an electrical power signal, for providing a quartz sensor electrical signal containing information about the pressure. The electromechanical converter responds to the quartz sensor signal, for providing an electromechanical converter force containing information about the sensed voltage or current signal. The optical source for provides an optical source signal. The optical fiber responds to the electromechanical converter force, for changing an optical parameter or characteristic of the optical source signal depending on the change in length of the optical fiber and providing an electromechanical converter optical signal containing information about the electromechanical converter force. The signal processor responds to the electromechanical converter optical signal, for providing a signal processor signal containing information about the pressure. In one embodiment, the electromechanical converter includes a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducer that responds to the quartz sensor signal, for providing an piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducer force containing information about the quartz sensor signal. In another embodiment, the electromechanical converter includes an acoustic transducer and a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducer. The acoustic transducer responds to the quartz sensor signal, for providing an acoustic transducer wave containing information about the quartz sensor signal. The piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducer responds to the acoustic transducer wave, for providing a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducer force containing information about the acoustic transducer wave.
摘要翻译： 石英感测系统包括石英传感器，机电转换器，光源，光纤和信号处理器。 石英传感器响应于压力，并进一步响应电功率信号，以提供包含关于压力的信息的石英传感器电信号。 机电转换器响应于石英传感器信号，用于提供包含关于感测的电压或电流信号的信息的机电转换器力。 用于提供光源信号的光源。 光纤响应机电转换器力，用于根据光纤的长度变化来改变光源信号的光学参数或特性，并提供包含关于机电转换器力的信息的机电转换器光信号。 信号处理器响应于机电转换器光信号，用于提供包含关于压力的信息的信号处理器信号。 在一个实施例中，机电转换器包括响应于石英传感器信号的压电或磁致伸缩换能器，用于提供包含关于石英传感器信号的信息的压电或磁致伸缩换能器力。 在另一个实施例中，机电转换器包括声换能器和压电或磁致伸缩换能器。 声换能器响应于石英传感器信号，用于提供包含关于石英传感器信号的信息的声换能器波。 压电或磁致伸缩传感器响应声换能器波，用于提供包含关于声换能器波的信息的压电或磁致伸缩换能器力。
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公开(公告)号：US5986749A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US933544
申请日：1997-09-19
申请人： Jian-Qun Wu , Arthur D. Hay , Alan D. Kersey
发明人： Jian-Qun Wu , Arthur D. Hay , Alan D. Kersey
CPC分类号： G01V1/22 , G01D5/35312 , G08C23/06
摘要： A fiber optic sensor includes a sensor element responsive to a property or condition of a material, such a resistivity, capacitance, inductance, frequency, etc., for providing an output voltage signal that is dependent upon the property or condition of the material. The sensor further includes an optical-to-electrical conversion element, such as a photo detector or a solar cell, that converts an optical signal (photo detector driving optical signal) carried by an optical fiber into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is applied to the sensor element, and in response, the sensor element provides the output electrical signal. The output electrical signal is applied to a measurement device, such as a piezoelectric element, having at least one dimension that varies with changes in the output electrical signal. An optical strain sensor, such as a Bragg grating or Fabry Perot interferometer, is mounted to the measurement device such that changes in the dimension of the measurement device causes changes in the strain of the optical strain sensor. These changes in strain are detected and related to the property or condition of the material. The fiber optic sensor is particularly useful as a resistivity sensor for measuring the resistivity of a fluid. For example, the resistivity of a fluid mixture of oil and water can be measured for determining the relative water and oil content in the fluid mixture. In this configuration, the sensor element includes a pair of spaced apart conductive elements. The output electrical power from the photo detector is applied to the conductive elements and the fluid is passed between the conductive elements. The output voltage from the conductive elements varies in relation to the resistivity of the fluid sample between the conductive elements.
摘要翻译： 光纤传感器包括响应材料的性质或状态的传感器元件，例如电阻率，电容，电感，频率等，用于提供取决于材料的性质或状况的输出电压信号。 传感器还包括将由光纤携带的光信号（光检测器驱动光信号）转换为电信号的光电转换元件，例如光电检测器或太阳能电池。 电信号被施加到传感器元件，并且作为响应，传感器元件提供输出电信号。 输出电信号被施加到诸如压电元件的测量装置，其具有随输出电信号的变化而变化的至少一个尺寸。 诸如布拉格光栅或法布里珀罗干涉仪之类的光学应变传感器被安装到测量装置上，使得测量装置的尺寸的变化导致光学应变传感器的应变的变化。 检测到这些应变变化，并与材料的性质或状况有关。 光纤传感器特别适用于测量流体电阻率的电阻率传感器。 例如，可以测量油和水的流体混合物的电阻率，以确定流体混合物中的相对水和油的含量。 在该结构中，传感器元件包括一对间隔开的导电元件。 来自光检测器的输出电功率被施加到导电元件，并且流体在导电元件之间通过。 来自导电元件的输出电压相对于导电元件之间的流体样品的电阻率而变化。
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公开(公告)号：US06227114B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-08
申请号：US09222637
申请日：1998-12-29
申请人： Jian-Qun Wu , Alan D. Kersey , Arthur D. Hay , James R. Dunphy
发明人： Jian-Qun Wu , Alan D. Kersey , Arthur D. Hay , James R. Dunphy
IPC分类号： F42D104
CPC分类号： F42D1/045
摘要： The invention provides a select trigger or detonation system featuring an optical source, an optical fiber, one or more optical couplers and one or more light trigger or detonation devices. The an optical source provides an optical signal containing information about triggering or detonating a respective device. The optical fiber has one or more fiber Bragg Gratings for providing one or more fiber Bragg Grating optical trigger or detonation signals, each having a respective optical trigger or detonation wavelength. The one or more optical couplers each respond to the one or more fiber Bragg Grating optical trigger or detonation signals depending on the respective optical trigger or detonation wavelength, for providing a respective coupled fiber Bragg Grating optical trigger or detonation signal. The one or more light trigger or detonation devices each respond to the respective coupled fiber Bragg Grating optical trigger or detonation signals, for triggering or detonating the respective device, which may detonating an explosive charge or triggering any other control device to be actuated. In one embodiment, the one or more optical couplers may include a circulation coupler or a directional coupler. The system may also be used as a monitoring system.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种具有光源，光纤，一个或多个光耦合器和一个或多个光触发或引爆装置的选择触发或爆炸系统。 光源提供包含关于触发或引爆相应设备的信息的光学信号。 光纤具有一个或多个光纤布拉格光栅，用于提供一个或多个光纤布拉格光栅光学触发器或引爆信号，每个具有相应的光学触发或引爆波长。 一个或多个光耦合器各自响应于根据相应的光学触发或引爆波长的一个或多个光纤布拉格光栅光触发或引爆信号，以提供相应的耦合光纤布拉格光栅光触发或引爆信号。 一个或多个光触发或引爆装置各自响应于相应的耦合光纤布拉格光栅光触发或引爆信号，用于触发或引爆相应的装置，其可引爆炸药或触发任何其它控制装置被致动。 在一个实施例中，一个或多个光耦合器可以包括循环耦合器或定向耦合器。 该系统也可以用作监视系统。
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公开(公告)号：US06278811B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09399504
申请日：1999-09-20
申请人： Arthur D. Hay , Alan D. Kersey , Robert J. Maron , Phillip Edmund Pruett , Mark R. Fernald , Guy A. Daigle , F. Kevin Didden , Allen R. Davis , Michael A. Davis , Timothy J. Bailey
发明人： Arthur D. Hay , Alan D. Kersey , Robert J. Maron , Phillip Edmund Pruett , Mark R. Fernald , Guy A. Daigle , F. Kevin Didden , Allen R. Davis , Michael A. Davis , Timothy J. Bailey
IPC分类号： G02B600
CPC分类号： G01L11/025
摘要： A fiber optic Bragg grating pressure sensor particularly suited for measuring ambient pressure of a fluid includes a pressuring detecting device 12 such as a glass element whose elastic deformation is proportional to applied pressure. An optical fiber 28 with an integral first grating 33 is wrapped at least once around the device and has at least a portion of its length fused to the device 12 such that elastic deformation of the device 12 generates a corresponding axial strain in the fiber 28 and/or the grating 33 and thus a corresponding change of the fiber length and/or characteristic reflectance wavelength of the grating 33. A second grating 35 may be formed near the pressure detecting device 12 so as to sense ambient temperature but not be affected by deformation of the device 12 for temperature compensation. Also, the fiber 28 may have more than one grating or be doped at least between a pair of gratings 160,162, to form a fiber laser or a DFB fiber laser which lasing wavelength changes with changing pressure.
摘要翻译： 特别适用于测量流体环境压力的光纤布拉格光栅压力传感器包括加压检测装置12，例如玻璃元件，其弹性变形与施加的压力成比例。 具有集成的第一光栅33的光纤28至少缠绕在设备周围，并且其长度的至少一部分与设备12融合，使得设备12的弹性变形在纤维28中产生相应的轴向应变，并且 /或光栅33，从而光栅33的光纤长度和/或特征反射波长的相应变化。第二光栅35可以形成在压力检测装置12附近，以便感测环境温度但不受变形影响 的温度补偿装置12。 此外，光纤28可以具有多于一个光栅或者至少在一对光栅160,162之间被掺杂，以形成激光波长随着变化的压力而变化的光纤激光器或DFB光纤激光器。
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公开(公告)号：US06191414B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-20
申请号：US09326098
申请日：1999-06-04
申请人： Peter C. Ogle , Arthur D. Hay , Alan D. Kersey
发明人： Peter C. Ogle , Arthur D. Hay , Alan D. Kersey
IPC分类号： G01B1116
CPC分类号： G01L1/246
摘要： A pressure transducer using as a component for changing shape in response to a change in the pressure being measured a composite elongated body, with specially arranged reinforcing fibers. Such a pressure transducer can use various means for sensing the change in shape of the elongated body, including an optical fiber affixed to the elongated body so as to itself change in length in response to a change in pressure, and having a Bragg grating as part of the optical fiber, with the Bragg grating positioned and arranged so as to convey, in response to an optical signal, information about the change in shape of the elongated body. The elongated body is provided with at least one pair of contra-helically wound reinforcing fibers, which may even be bi-axially braided, and are wound either to amplify the effect of pressure acting on the elongated body or to insulate the elongated body from the effects of pressure and other sources of stress. The reinforcing fibers are embedded in a resin, and in some applications more than one pair of contra-helically wound reinforcing fibers are used, so that the composite body consists of more than one layer of reinforcing fibers. The resulting elongated body is a non-isotropic material and can be designed to have a Poisson's ratio significantly greater than ½, the maximum possible Poisson's ratio for an isotropic material, providing an enhanced axial strain accompanying any radial or circumferential strain. The elongated body can also be designed to have a small Poisson's ratio by using an inner layer and outer layer of contra-helical windings where the reinforcing fibers of the two layers intersect at different angles.
摘要翻译： 一种压力传感器，其用作响应于被测量的压力变化而变形的部件，该复合细长体具有特别布置的增强纤维。 这种压力传感器可以使用各种手段来感测细长体的形状变化，包括固定在细长体上的光纤，以便响应于压力变化而使其自身发生长度变化，并具有布拉格光栅作为部分 的光纤，布拉格光栅被定位和布置成响应于光信号传送关于细长体的形状变化的信息。 细长主体设置有至少一对反螺旋缠绕的增强纤维，其甚至可以是双轴编织的，并且被卷绕以放大作用在细长主体上的压力的作用或将细长体与 压力和其他压力来源的影响。 增强纤维被嵌入树脂中，并且在一些应用中使用多于一对的反螺旋缠绕的增强纤维，使得复合体由多层增强纤维组成。 所得到的细长体是非各向同性的材料，并且可被设计成具有显着大于1/2的泊松比，是各向同性材料的最大可能泊松比，提供伴随任何径向或周向应变的增强的轴向应变。 细长体还可以通过使用两层的增强纤维以不同的角度相交的反螺旋绕组的内层和外层来设计成具有小的泊松比。
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公开(公告)号：US06401840B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-11
申请号：US09659964
申请日：2000-09-12
申请人： Arthur D. Hay , Mike H. Johnson , Volker Krueger
发明人： Arthur D. Hay , Mike H. Johnson , Volker Krueger
IPC分类号： E21B4900
CPC分类号： E21B25/10 , E21B7/062 , E21B10/04 , E21B17/028 , E21B17/1064 , E21B25/00 , E21B47/01 , E21B49/02
摘要： A coring apparatus permitting the taking of a non-rotating core sample and testing of same, as by NMR, prior to breakage and ejection from the apparatus. A core barrel is suspended from a rotating outer sleeve by one or more bearing assemblies which permit the core barrel to remain stationary during rotation of the sleeve with attached core bit for cutting the core. A core test device is fixed with respect to the core barrel on the outside thereof to test the core as it proceeds through the barrel. The apparatus optionally includes a directional detecting device such as an inclinometer and a compact set of circumferentially-spaced steering arms for changing the direction of the apparatus during coring.
摘要翻译： 取芯设备允许在断裂和从设备中排出之前，采用非旋转芯样品，并通过NMR对其进行测试。 芯筒通过一个或多个轴承组件从旋转外套筒悬挂，这允许芯筒在具有用于切割芯的附接芯钻头的套筒旋转期间保持静止。 核心测试装置相对于其外部的芯筒固定，以在核心经过筒体时测试核心。 该装置可选地包括方向检测装置，例如倾斜计和用于在取芯期间改变装置的方向的周向间隔的转向臂的紧凑组。
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7.发明授权Bourdon tube pressure gauge with integral optical strain sensors for measuring tension or compressive strain 失效波登管压力表，用于测量张力或压缩应变的积分光学应变传感器
公开(公告)号：US5877426A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-02
申请号：US883858
申请日：1997-06-27
CPC分类号： G01L9/0032 , G01L19/0092
摘要： A Bourdon tube pressure gauge is mounted for sensing the pressure of a system. The Bourdon tube is connected to at least one optical strain sensor mounted to be strained by movement of the Bourdon tube such that when the Bourdon tube is exposed to the pressure of the system, movement of the tube in response to system pressure causes a strain in the optical sensor. The optical sensor is responsive to the strain and to an input optical signal for providing a strain optical signal which is directly proportional to the pressure. A reference or temperature compensation optical sensor is isolated from the strain associated with the pressure of the system and is responsive to temperature of the system for causing a temperature-induced strain. The reference optical sensor is responsive to the temperature induced strain and the input optical signal for providing a temperature optical signal which is directly proportional to the temperature of the system. The temperature optical signal is provided for temperature compensation of the strain optical signal. The optical sensors include an optical fiber having intrinsic Bragg grating sensors formed in the optical fiber. The optical fiber is attached to a reference point and to the Bourdon tube such that changes in the position of the tube changes the strain on the optical fiber resulting in a wavelength shift of light reflected by the Bragg grating. The magnitude of the wavelength shift is directly proportional to a change in pressure.
摘要翻译： 安装了波登管压力表，用于感测系统的压力。 布尔登管连接至至少一个光学应变传感器，该光学应变传感器安装成通过波登管的运动而变形，使得当波登管暴露于系统的压力时，管的响应于系统压力的运动导致应变 光学传感器。 光学传感器响应于应变和输入光信号，以提供与压力成正比的应变光信号。 参考或温度补偿光学传感器与与系统压力相关的应变分离，并响应于系统的温度导致温度引起的应变。 参考光学传感器响应于温度感应应变和输入光信号，以提供与系统的温度成正比的温度光信号。 温度光信号用于应变光信号的温度补偿。 光学传感器包括在光纤中形成有本征Bragg光栅传感器的光纤。 光纤连接到参考点和布尔登管，使得管的位置变化改变光纤上的应变，导致由布拉格光栅反射的光的波长偏移。 波长偏移的大小与压力的变化成正比。
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公开(公告)号：US06279660B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-28
申请号：US09368994
申请日：1999-08-05
申请人： Arthur D. Hay
发明人： Arthur D. Hay
IPC分类号： E21B4908
CPC分类号： E21B47/011 , E21B17/206 , E21B43/14 , E21B43/20 , E21B43/36 , E21B47/123
摘要： A well assembly for extracting production fluids from at least one production zone of at least one well includes a production pipe for transporting fluid downstream to a surface, a packer for defining the production zone, and a fiber optic sensor package disposed substantially adjacent to a downstream side of the packer. The fiber optic sensor package measures parameters of the production fluid and communicates these parameters to the surface to determine composition of the production fluid entering the production pipe through each production zone. The production pipe has a zone opening for allowing the production fluid to enter the production pipe and a control valve for controlling the amount of production fluid flowing downstream from each production zone. The production pipe control valve is adjusted to optimize fluid production from the particular production zone of the well based on fluid parameters measured by the fiber optic sensor package.
摘要翻译： 用于从至少一个井的至少一个生产区抽取生产流体的井组件包括用于将流体下游输送到地面的生产管，用于限定生产区的封隔器以及基本上邻近下游设置的光纤传感器封装 封隔器的一侧。 光纤传感器组件测量生产流体的参数并将这些参数传递到表面，以确定通过每个生产区进入生产管道的生产流体的组成。 生产管具有用于允许生产流体进入生产管道的区域开口和用于控制从每个生产区域下游流动的生产流体量的控制阀。 基于由光纤传感器封装测量的流体参数，调整生产管道控制阀以优化来自井的特定生产区域的流体生产。
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公开(公告)号：US5957221A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-28
申请号：US805492
申请日：1997-02-26
申请人： Arthur D. Hay , Mike H. Johnson , Volker Krueger
发明人： Arthur D. Hay , Mike H. Johnson , Volker Krueger
IPC分类号： E21B7/06 , E21B10/04 , E21B17/02 , E21B17/10 , E21B25/00 , E21B25/10 , E21B47/01 , E21B49/02
CPC分类号： E21B25/10 , E21B10/04 , E21B17/028 , E21B17/1064 , E21B25/00 , E21B47/01 , E21B49/02 , E21B7/062
摘要： A coring apparatus permitting the taking of a non-rotating core sample and testing of same, as by NMR, prior to breakage and ejection from the apparatus. A core barrel is suspended from a rotating outer sleeve by one or more bearing assemblies which permit the core barrel to remain stationary during rotation of the sleeve with attached core bit for cutting the core. A core test device is fixed with respect to the core barrel on the outside thereof to test the core as it proceeds through the barrel. The apparatus optionally includes a directional detecting device such as an inclinometer and a compact set of circumferentially-spaced steering arms for changing the direction of the apparatus during coring.
摘要翻译： 取芯设备允许在断裂和从设备中排出之前，采用非旋转芯样品，并通过NMR对其进行测试。 芯筒通过一个或多个轴承组件从旋转外套筒悬挂，这允许芯筒在具有用于切割芯的附接芯钻头的套筒旋转期间保持静止。 核心测试装置相对于其外部的芯筒固定，以在核心经过筒体时测试核心。 该装置可选地包括方向检测装置，例如倾斜计和用于在取芯期间改变装置的方向的周向间隔的转向臂的紧凑组。
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公开(公告)号：US06271766B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-07
申请号：US09219908
申请日：1998-12-23
申请人： F. Kevin Didden , Arthur D. Hay
发明人： F. Kevin Didden , Arthur D. Hay
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383 , E21B47/123
摘要： Distributed selectable fiber optic sensing system include a plurality of fiber grating sensors 12 connected to an optical fiber 10 and installed in an oil/gas well 15 and an instrumentation box 20 at the surface which selects which of the sensors 12 to activate, or provide output data from to a display 26 or to a remote link 32, such as the internet. The box 20 has a transceiver/converter 22 which provides a source optical signal 14 and receives a return optical signal 16,18 and which converts the return signal 16,18 to a signal indicative of the parameters being measured by the sensors 12. A sensor selection signal is provided from the remote link 32, the keyboard 28 to the converter 22 which is indicative of which of the sensors 12 to be selected to provide output data for. The end user only pays for the sensors 12 that are selected. Each of the sensors 12 may be similar to any fiber optic grating-based sensor that measures one or more parameters, such as pressure, temperature, liquid fraction, flow, acoustic, seismic, resistivity, corrosion, pipe wall build-up, or other parameters.
摘要翻译： 分布式可选择的光纤传感系统包括多个光纤光栅传感器12，其连接到光纤10并且安装在油/气井15和表面处的仪表箱20中，该装置选择传感器12中的哪个激活或提供输出 数据从显示器26或远程链接32（诸如因特网）。 盒20具有收发器/转换器22，其提供源光信号14并接收返回光信号16,18，并将返回信号16,18转换成指示由传感器12测量的参数的信号。传感器 选择信号从远程链路32提供，键盘28提供给转换器22，其指示要选择哪个传感器12以提供输出数据。 最终用户仅支付所选择的传感器12。 每个传感器12可以类似于测量一个或多个参数的任何基于光纤光栅的传感器，例如压力，温度，液体分数，流量，声学，地震，电阻率，腐蚀，管壁积聚或其它 参数。
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