Abstract:
A method is described for starting an internal combustion engine having an E-machine coupled to it in a motor vehicle, after the input of a certain torque command at a drive control of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine being accelerated for the start by the E-machine, and the internal combustion engine being set by the drive control, via actuators, to specified characteristics values for the start. To reduce exhaust gas emissions at the start of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine is accelerated by the E-machine, without the injection of fuel, until the engine torque that is able to be implemented by the internal combustion engine, essentially corresponds to the torque command, and the injection of fuel into the internal combustion engine is only then released.
Abstract:
A method and device for dynamic torque coordination of power units of a hybrid drive of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle. The method has a plurality of successive coordination stages, each coordination stage being assigned an operating range for at least one of the power units, and each coordination stage making at least one demand on a first power unit and/or a second power unit as a function of an overall setpoint torque requested from the hybrid drive, a subsequent coordination state having an enlarged operating range compared to a preceding coordination stage, and the subsequent coordination stage is used if the demand was unable to be satisfied within the operating range of the assigned coordination stage.
Abstract:
A method for operating an internal combustion engine includes: providing a desired power specification for triggering the drive unit; providing a specification of operating point-dependent power ranges for the supplied desired power specification, in which steady-state operation of the drive unit is permissible, a power range that is not permissible in the steady state being defined between the operating point-dependent power ranges; when a change in the desired power specification for the drive unit in a transitional operating mode necessitates traversing the power range that is not permissible in the steady state, triggering the drive unit on the basis of a specification of a guided desired power, the guided desired power specification being determined by guiding the desired power specification.
Abstract:
A method and device for dynamic torque coordination of power units of a hybrid drive of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle. The method has a plurality of successive coordination stages, each coordination stage being assigned an operating range for at least one of the power units, and each coordination stage making at least one demand on a first power unit and/or a second power unit as a function of an overall setpoint torque requested from the hybrid drive, a subsequent coordination state having an enlarged operating range compared to a preceding coordination stage, and the subsequent coordination stage is used if the demand was unable to be satisfied within the operating range of the assigned coordination stage.
Abstract:
A method is described for starting an internal combustion engine having an E-machine coupled to it in a motor vehicle, after the input of a certain torque command at a drive control of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine being accelerated for the start by the E-machine, and the internal combustion engine being set by the drive control, via actuators, to specified characteristics values for the start. To reduce exhaust gas emissions at the start of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine is accelerated by the E-machine, without the injection of fuel, until the engine torque that is able to be implemented by the internal combustion engine, essentially corresponds to the torque command, and the injection of fuel into the internal combustion engine is only then released.
Abstract:
In a method for operating an internal combustion engine, a steady-state maximum output torque and a dynamic maximum torque are ascertained. The ascertained steady-state maximum output torque is changed to a resulting steady-state maximum torque by adapting the maximum output torque in such a way that it is equal to or greater than the ascertained dynamic maximum torque.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the general Formula (I): wherein in Formula (I), R is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R1 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R2 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; A1 and A2 each independently represent an optionally substituted C1-C20-alkyl group which may contain one or more group(s) Z, or a monocyclic or polycyclic optionally substituted aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which may contain one or more group(s) X, and in case of a polycyclic ring system, said system contains at least one aromatic ring; Z is selected from the group consisting of S, O, N, NR4, CO, CO2, CS, SO or SO2 X is selected from the group consisting of S, O, N, NR4, SO or SO2;
Abstract:
The invention relates to a craft comprising an energy storage system of the RFCS (regenerative fuel cell system) type and a system for pressurizing the propellants used for propulsion. The craft also comprises a plurality of means (31 to 38) for coupling the tanks of the fuel cell to the propellant-pressurizing tanks of the propulsion system of the craft when the tanks of the propellant-pressurizing system are no longer used.The invention also relates to the method of coupling the tanks of the propellant-pressurizing means to the energy storage system.The invention applies particularly to telecommunication satellites and more generally to spacecraft.
Abstract:
A mounting plate for electronic components, including cooling conduits that are integrated into a plate body and that are traversed by a coolant, a fixing device for mounting electronic components that are to be cooled being located on the plate body. The mounting plate has the fixing device including at least one first groove with an approximately C-shaped cross-section, which extends in a linear manner in the extension direction of the mounting plate. At least one screw nut is inserted and locked against torsion in the groove in order to form a screw connection with an electronic component.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the general Formula (I): wherein in Formula (I), R is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R1 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R2 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; A1 and A2 each independently represent an optionally substituted C1-C20-alkyl group which may contain one or more group(s) Z, or a monocyclic or polycyclic optionally substituted aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which may contain one or more group(s) X, and in case of a polycyclic ring system, said system contains at least one aromatic ring; Z is selected from the group consisting of S, O, N, NR4, CO, CO2, CS, SO or SO2 X is selected from the group consisting of S, O, N, NR4, SO or SO2;