公开(公告)号：US07174043B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-06

申请号：US10374482

申请日：2003-02-25

申请人： Ilia Lossev ,  Natalia Bagotskaya

发明人： Ilia Lossev ,  Natalia Bagotskaya

IPC分类号： G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/18

CPC分类号： G06K9/224 ,  G06K9/222 ,  G06K9/68

摘要： A character recognizer recognizes a handwritten input character. A sequence of points in two dimensional space representative of a stroke trajectory forming the input character is gathered. An input Directed Acyclic Graph is built with nodes representative of singular points at the beginning, end, and along the trajectory of the input character and with edges between nodes representative of an edge trajectory formed by the sequence of points of the input character between the singular points. Each edge in the input graph is described based on the shape, orientation and pen lift of the edge trajectory that the edge represents. The input graph is evaluated against model graphs, which are also Directed Acyclic Graphs, for all possible characters to find a path through a model graph that produces a best path similarity score with a corresponding path through the input graph. The input character is identified as an answer character represented by the model graph producing the best path similarity score. Each model graph for a reference character has nodes representative of singular points at the beginning, end, and along the stroke trajectory of the reference character. Edges between nodes in the model graph are representative of an edge trajectory formed by the sequence of points of the reference character between the singular points. Further each edge of the model graph has an “i” vector, a “j” vector and a “k” vector, and the “i,j,k” vectors indicate similarity values associated with the edge trajectory of the reference character and typical shapes, shape rotation and pen lift, respectively.

摘要翻译： 字符识别器识别手写输入字符。 收集代表形成输入字符的笔画轨迹的二维空间中的点序列。 输入定向非循环图由在输入字符的开始，结束和沿着轨迹的代表奇异点的节点构成，并且表示由单数之间的输入字符的点序列形成的边缘轨迹的节点之间的边缘 积分 基于边缘表示的边缘轨迹的形状，方向和笔数来描述输入图中的每个边缘。 对于所有可能的字符，通过模型图来估计输入图，模型图也是定向非循环图，通过模型图找到路径，该模型图通过输入图形产生具有相应路径的最佳路径相似性得分。 输入字符被识别为由产生最佳路径相似性得分的模型图表示的答案字符。 参考字符的每个模型图具有代表参考字符的开始，结束和沿着笔画轨迹的奇异点的节点。 模型图中的节点之间的边缘代表由奇异点之间的参考字符的点序列形成的边缘轨迹。 此外，模型图的每个边缘都具有“i”向量，“j”向量和“k”向量，“i，j，k”向量表示与参考字符的边缘轨迹相关联的相似度值 形状，形状旋转和笔升高。

公开(公告)号：US07382921B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-03

申请号：US10848650

申请日：2004-05-18

申请人： Ilia Lossev ,  Natalia Bagotskaya

发明人： Ilia Lossev ,  Natalia Bagotskaya

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G06K9/224 ,  G06K9/222 ,  G06K9/68

摘要： Character model graphs are created, and the parameters of the model graphs are adjusted to optimize character recognition performed with the model graphs. In effect the character recognizer using the model graphs is trained. The model graphs are created in three stages. First, a vector quantization process is used on a set of raw samples of handwriting symbols to create a smaller set of generalized reference characters or symbols. Second, a character reference model graph structure is created by merging each generalized form model graph of the same character into a single character reference model graph. The merging is based on weighted Euclidian distance between parts of trajectory assigned to graph edges. As a last part of this second stage “type-similarity” vectors are assigned to model edges to describe similarities of given model edge to each shape and to each possible quantized value of other input graph edge parameters. Thus, similarity functions, or similarity values, are defined by different tables on different model edges. In the third stage, model creation further consists of minimizing recognition error by adjusting model graphs parameters. An appropriate smoothing approximation is used in the calculation of similarity score between input graph and model graphs. The input graph represents a word from a work sample set used for training, i.e. adjusting the model graph parameters. A recognition error is calculated as a function of the difference between similarity scores for best answers and the one correct answer for the word being recognized. The gradient of the recognition error as a function of change in parameters is computed and used to adjust the parameters. Model graphs with adjusted parameters are then used to recognize the words in a test set, and a percent of correct recognitions in the test set is calculated. The recognition error calculation with the work set, the parameter adjustment process, and the calculation of the percent of correct recognitions with the test set is repeated. After a number of iterations of this process, the optimum set of parameters for the model graphs will be found.

公开(公告)号：US07031526B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-18

申请号：US10637957

申请日：2003-08-08

申请人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

发明人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

IPC分类号： G06K9/46

CPC分类号： G06K9/222 ,  G06F3/04883

摘要： The invention improves the appearance of freehand drawn lines and shapes in an electronic document by first recognizing freehand drawn lines and shapes and generating a line made up of sequential straight line segments for the freehand drawn line when the line does not form a closed line and generating a multiple straight-line-segment shape when the line forms a closed line. If a multiple segment shape is being reshaped, a basic shape is selected from reference ideal shapes as the basic shape of the multiple segment shape. The basic shape is adjusted to provide a specific shape as an improved shape for the freehand drawn shape. The recognition of the freehand drawn lines and shapes is accomplished by comparing source segments of a source freehand drawn line to a straight line and substituting a straight line segment for a source segment if the deviation between the source segment and the straight line is below a predetermined value. Sequential source segments of a source freehand drawn line are evaluated to determine if they are an angle segment. A segment pair of sequential source line segments are defined as an angle segment having two straight line segments intersecting at a common end point if both source segments of the segment pair are within a predetermined deviation value from a straight line. The straight line segments and angle segments are combined to form a multiple segment line if the line does not close on itself and a multiple segment shape if the line does close on itself.

公开(公告)号：US20050244058A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-03

申请号：US11084709

申请日：2005-03-18

申请人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

发明人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

IPC分类号： G06F3/033 ,  G06F3/048 ,  G06K9/22 ,  G06K9/46

CPC分类号： G06K9/222 ,  G06F3/04883

摘要： The invention improves the appearance of freehand drawn lines and shapes in an electronic document by first recognizing freehand drawn lines and shapes and generating a line made up of sequential straight line segments for the freehand drawn line when the line does not form a closed line and generating a multiple straight-line-segment shape when the line forms a closed line. If a multiple segment shape is being reshaped, a basic shape is selected from reference ideal shapes as the basic shape of the multiple segment shape. The basic shape is adjusted to provide a specific shape as an improved shape for the freehand drawn shape. The recognition of the freehand drawn lines and shapes is accomplished by comparing source segments of a source freehand drawn line to a straight line and substituting a straight line segment for a source segment if the deviation between the source segment and the straight line is below a predetermined value. Sequential source segments of a source freehand drawn line are evaluated to determine if they are an angle segment. A segment pair of sequential source line segments are defined as an angle segment having two straight line segments intersecting at a common end point if both source segments of the segment pair are within a predetermined deviation value from a straight line. The straight line segments and angle segments are combined to form a multiple segment line if the line does not close on itself and a multiple segment shape if the line does close on itself.

公开(公告)号：US08194965B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-05

申请号：US11942641

申请日：2007-11-19

申请人： Ilia Lossev ,  Natasha Bogotskaya

发明人： Ilia Lossev ,  Natasha Bogotskaya

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G06K9/6297 ,  G06T7/0012 ,  G06T2207/10116 ,  G06T2207/20021 ,  G06T2207/20076 ,  G06T2207/30068

摘要： Methods and systems are disclosed to aid in the detection of cancer or lesion in a mammogram images. Two mammogram images are input into an application that aids in determining the probability of a cancer or lesion being present in one or both of the images. The images are divided into different nodes and labels are applied to the nodes. The first node is compared to different variants of corresponding nodes on the second image as well as neighboring nodes on the first image. Based upon the comparisons, a unary and binary potential is calculated for the label that is applied to the node. The process is repeated for every possible label and for every node. Once the unary and binary potentials have been calculated, the potentials are input into a Conditional Random Field model to determine the probability of cancer for each node of the images.

摘要翻译： 公开了方法和系统以帮助检测乳房X线照片图像中的癌症或病变。 将两个乳房X线照片图像输入到有助于确定在一个或两个图像中存在癌症或病变的概率的应用中。 图像被分成不同的节点，标签被应用于节点。 将第一节点与第二图像上的对应节点的不同变体以及第一图像上的相邻节点进行比较。 基于比较，计算应用于节点的标签的一元和二进制电位。 为每个可能的标签和每个节点重复该过程。 一旦计算了一元和二进制电位，就将电位输入到条件随机场模型中，以确定图像每个节点的癌症概率。

公开(公告)号：US5313527A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-17

申请号：US954351

申请日：1992-09-24

申请人： Shelja A. Guberman ,  Ilia Lossev ,  Alexander V. Pashintsev

发明人： Shelja A. Guberman ,  Ilia Lossev ,  Alexander V. Pashintsev

IPC分类号： G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/22 ,  G06K9/72

CPC分类号： G06K9/72 ,  G06K9/00416 ,  G06K9/00429 ,  G06K9/00859 ,  G06K9/00865 ,  G06K9/00872 ,  G06K9/222 ,  G06K2209/01

摘要： A method and apparatus for cursive script recognition employs an intermediate cursive words description language constructed of elements in the form of metastrokes wherein each of the metastrokes is a member of a metric space, the metric space being expressible as a matrix of likelihood of matching between input metastrokes and predefined metastrokes forming a vocabulary. Typically, a minimum of twenty metastrokes is used to form the vocabulary or set of allowable stroke elemental shapes, although as many as seventy may be used, with a correlation factor or measurement of similarity being defined between strings of metastrokes. Techniques for interpreting the metastrokes as words include substituting, adding, and deleting metastrokes in an input sequence, measuring similarity and comparing with entries in a dictionary of words constructed of metastroke sequences and variants of metastroke sequences. Weighting of similarity may include penalties for lack of similarity.

摘要翻译： 用于草书脚本识别的方法和装置使用由metastro的形式构成的元素构成的中间草书词描述语言，其中每个metastro是度量空间的成员，该度量空间可表示为输入之间的匹配似然矩阵 metastro和预定义的metastrokes形成一个词汇。 通常，尽管可以使用多达七十个词，但是使用至少二十个字符来形成允许的笔画元素形式的词汇或一组，其中相关因子或相似度的测量在metastro的串之间被定义。 将metastro的术语解释为包括在输入序列中替换，添加和删除metastrokes，测量相似度并与metastroke序列和metastroke序列变体构建的词典中的条目进行比较。 相似度的加权可能包括缺乏相似性的惩罚。

公开(公告)号：US07450763B2

公开(公告)日：2008-11-11

申请号：US11084709

申请日：2005-03-18

申请人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

发明人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

IPC分类号： G06K9/46

CPC分类号： G06K9/222 ,  G06F3/04883

摘要： The invention improves the appearance of freehand drawn lines and shapes in an electronic document by first recognizing freehand drawn lines and shapes and generating a line made up of sequential straight line segments for the freehand drawn line when the line does not form a closed line and generating a multiple straight-line-segment shape when the line forms a closed line. If a multiple segment shape is being reshaped, a basic shape is selected from reference ideal shapes as the basic shape of the multiple segment shape. The basic shape is adjusted to provide a specific shape as an improved shape for the freehand drawn shape. The recognition of the freehand drawn lines and shapes is accomplished by comparing source segments of a source freehand drawn line to a straight line and substituting a straight line segment for a source segment if the deviation between the source segment and the straight line is below a predetermined value. Sequential source segments of a source freehand drawn line are evaluated to determine if they are an angle segment. A segment pair of sequential source line segments are defined as an angle segment having two straight line segments intersecting at a common end point if both source segments of the segment pair are within a predetermined deviation value from a straight line. The straight line segments and angle segments are combined to form a multiple segment line if the line does not close on itself and a multiple segment shape if the line does close on itself.

摘要翻译： 本发明通过首先识别手绘的线条和形状，并且当线条不形成闭合线并且产生由行直线段构成的线时，改进了电子文档中手画的线条和形状的外观 当线形成闭合线时的多直线段形状。 如果重新形成多段形状，则从参考理想形状中选择基本形状作为多段形状的基本形状。 调整基本形状以提供特定形状作为用于手绘绘制形状的改进形状。 通过将源手写绘制线的源段与直线进行比较，并且将源段与直线之间的偏差低于预定值，将直线段替换为源段来实现对手绘绘制线和形状的识别 值。 评估源手绘绘制线的顺序源段以确定它们是否为角度段。 如果片段对的两个源段都在距离直线的预定偏差值内，则将一段顺序源线段定义为具有与公共端点相交的两条直线段的角度段。 如果线路本身没有闭合，则线段和角度段被组合以形成多段线段，如果线路本身关闭，则线段和角段将形成多段线段。

公开(公告)号：US06876766B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-05

申请号：US10637930

申请日：2003-08-08

申请人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

发明人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

IPC分类号： G06F3/033 ,  G06F3/048 ,  G06K9/22 ,  G06K9/46

CPC分类号： G06K9/222 ,  G06F3/04883

摘要： The invention improves the appearance of freehand drawn lines and shapes in an electronic document by first recognizing freehand drawn lines and shapes and generating a line made up of sequential straight line segments for the freehand drawn line when the line does not form a closed line and generating a multiple straight-line-segment shape when the line forms a closed line. If a multiple segment shape is being reshaped, a basic shape is selected from reference ideal shapes as the basic shape of the multiple segment shape. The basic shape is adjusted to provide a specific shape as an improved shape for the freehand drawn shape. The recognition of the freehand drawn lines and shapes is accomplished by comparing source segments of a source freehand drawn line to a straight line and substituting a straight line segment for a source segment if the deviation between the source segment and the straight line is below a predetermined value. Sequential source segments of a source freehand drawn line are evaluated to determine if they are an angle segment. A segment pair of sequential source line segments are defined as an angle segment having two straight line segments intersecting at a common end point if both source segments of the segment pair are within a predetermined deviation value from a straight line. The straight line segments and angle segments are combined to form a multiple segment line if the line does not close on itself and a multiple segment shape if the line does close on itself.

摘要翻译： 本发明通过首先识别手绘的线条和形状，并且当线条不形成闭合线并且产生由行直线段构成的线时，改进了电子文档中手画的线条和形状的外观 当线形成闭合线时的多直线段形状。 如果重新形成多段形状，则从参考理想形状中选择基本形状作为多段形状的基本形状。 调整基本形状以提供特定形状作为用于手绘绘制形状的改进形状。 通过将源手写绘制线的源段与直线进行比较，并且将源段与直线之间的偏差低于预定值，将直线段替换为源段来实现对手绘绘制线和形状的识别 值。 评估源手绘绘制线的顺序源段以确定它们是否为角度段。 如果片段对的两个源段都在距离直线的预定偏差值内，则将一段顺序源线段定义为具有与公共端点相交的两条直线段的角度段。 如果线路本身没有闭合，则线段和角度段被组合以形成多段线段，如果线路本身关闭，则线段和角段将形成多段线段。

公开(公告)号：US20090129655A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-21

申请号：US11942641

申请日：2007-11-19

申请人： Ilia Lossev ,  Natasha Bogotskaya

发明人： Ilia Lossev ,  Natasha Bogotskaya

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G06K9/6297 ,  G06T7/0012 ,  G06T2207/10116 ,  G06T2207/20021 ,  G06T2207/20076 ,  G06T2207/30068

摘要： Methods and systems are disclosed to aid in the detection of cancer or lesion in a mammogram images. Two mammogram images are input into an application that aids in determining the probability of a cancer or lesion being present in one or both of the images. The images are divided into different nodes and labels are applied to the nodes. The first node is compared to different variants of corresponding nodes on the second image as well as neighboring nodes on the first image. Based upon the comparisons, a unary and binary potential is calculated for the label that is applied to the node. The process is repeated for every possible label and for every node. Once the unary and binary potentials have been calculated, the potentials are input into a Conditional Random Field model to determine the probability of cancer for each node of the images.

摘要翻译： 公开了方法和系统以帮助检测乳房X线照片图像中的癌症或病变。 将两个乳房X线照片图像输入到有助于确定在一个或两个图像中存在癌症或病变的概率的应用中。 图像被分成不同的节点，标签被应用于节点。 将第一节点与第二图像上的对应节点的不同变体以及第一图像上的相邻节点进行比较。 基于比较，计算应用于节点的标签的一元和二进制电位。 为每个可能的标签和每个节点重复该过程。 一旦计算了一元和二进制电位，就将电位输入到条件随机场模型中，以确定图像每个节点的癌症概率。

公开(公告)号：US06658147B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US10123708

申请日：2002-04-15

申请人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

发明人： Boris Gorbatov ,  Ilia Lossev

IPC分类号： G06K946

CPC分类号： G06K9/222 ,  G06F3/04883

摘要： The invention improves the appearance of freehand drawn lines and shapes in an electronic document by first recognizing freehand drawn lines and shapes and generating a line made up of sequential straight line segments for the freehand drawn line when the line does not form a closed line and generating a multiple straight-line-segment shape when the line forms a closed line. If a multiple segment shape is being reshaped, a basic shape is selected from reference ideal shapes as the basic shape of the multiple segment shape. The basic shape is adjusted to provide a specific shape as an improved shape for the freehand drawn shape. The recognition of the freehand drawn lines and shapes is accomplished by comparing source segments of a source freehand drawn line to a straight line and substituting a straight line segment for a source segment if the deviation between the source segment and the straight line is below a predetermined value. Sequential source segments of a source freehand drawn line are evaluated to determine if they are an angle segment. A segment pair of sequential source line segments are defined as an angle segment having two straight line segments intersecting at a common end point if both source segments of the segment pair are within a predetermined deviation value from a straight line. The straight line segments and angle segments are combined to form a multiple segment line if the line does not close on itself and a multiple segment shape if the line does close on itself.