公开(公告)号：US5421190A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-06

申请号：US70948

申请日：1993-06-04

申请人： Hubert Brandle ,  Walter Gribi ,  Ken-Yves Haffner

发明人： Hubert Brandle ,  Walter Gribi ,  Ken-Yves Haffner

IPC分类号： G01N9/00 ,  G01N27/00 ,  H01H33/56 ,  G01H13/00 ,  H01L41/22

CPC分类号： G01N29/036 ,  G01N9/002 ,  H01H33/563 ,  G01N2009/004 ,  G01N2291/0256

摘要： The device serves to measure the density of a gas, in particular of the insulating gas of a gas-insulated electrical installation. It contains two resonators (11, 12) each comprising a piezoelectric crystal (14, 15) and each comprising two electrodes applied to the crystal. A first (11) of the two resonators (11, 12) is mounted in a first chamber (5) containing the gas to be measured, whereas a second (12) is mounted in a second chamber (6) sealed with respect to the gas.Despite small dimensions and despite simple and robust construction, this device is intended to have a high measurement precision over a long period of time.This is achieved by drawing the two resonators (11, 12) from a multiplicity of similar resonators manufactured by mass production and not subjected to a frequency alignment. The first resonator (11) is unaltered with respect to the manufacture in mass production. The second resonator (12) is likewise unaltered with respect to the manufacture in mass production and, under vacuum and with equality of temperature, it has the same resonance frequency as the first resonator (11) within a specified frequency tolerance. The second resonator (12) may, however, also be modified, by altering its electrodes (18, 19), in such a way that, under vacuum and with equality of temperature, it has the same resonance frequency as the first resonator (11) within the specified frequency tolerance.

摘要翻译： 该装置用于测量气体的密度，特别是气体绝缘电气装置的绝缘气体的密度。 它包含两个谐振器（11,12），每个谐振器包括压电晶体（14,15），每个包括施加到晶体的两个电极。 两个谐振器（11,12）中的第一（11）安装在包含要测量的气体的第一腔室（5）中，而第二腔室（12）安装在相对于第二腔室 加油站。 尽管尺寸小，尽管结构简单而坚固，但该装置的长期测量精度要高。 这是通过从由大量生产制造的多个类似的谐振器中抽出两个谐振器（11,12）而不进行频率对准来实现的。 相对于批量生产的制造，第一谐振器（11）是未改变的。 第二共振器（12）在大规模生产中同样没有变化，并且在真空和温度相等的情况下，它在特定的频率公差范围内具有与第一谐振器（11）相同的共振频率。 然而，第二谐振器（12）可以通过改变其电极（18,19）而被修改，使得在真空和温度相等的情况下，它具有与第一谐振器（11）相同的谐振频率 ）在指定的频率范围内。

公开(公告)号：US6142665A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-07

申请号：US865054

申请日：1997-05-29

申请人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Matthias Hobel

发明人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Matthias Hobel

IPC分类号： G01K13/00 ,  F02C9/00 ,  F23N5/08 ,  G01J5/00 ,  G01K1/14

CPC分类号： F23N5/082 ,  F23N2029/16 ,  F23N2041/20 ,  F23N2900/05005 ,  F23N5/08

摘要： In a temperature-measuring device, in particular for measuring the flame temperature in a gas turbine combustion chamber, a number of optical measuring sensors (7) are arranged directly upstream of a flame front (8) in a premixing zone (3) of a burner (1). Each optical measuring sensor (7) is aligned essentially parallel to and/or coaxial with a fuel flow (5) directed into the gas turbine combustion chamber.

摘要翻译： 在温度测量装置中，特别是用于测量燃气轮机燃烧室中的火焰温度，许多光学测量传感器（7）直接布置在火焰前沿（8）的上游， 燃烧器（1）。 每个光学测量传感器（7）基本上与引导到燃气涡轮机燃烧室中的燃料流（5）平行于和/或同轴。

公开(公告)号：US07216486B2

公开(公告)日：2007-05-15

申请号：US10894031

申请日：2004-07-20

申请人： Klaus Doebbeling ,  Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Rolf Rüetschi ,  Hanspeter Zinn

发明人： Klaus Doebbeling ,  Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Rolf Rüetschi ,  Hanspeter Zinn

IPC分类号： F02C3/22 ,  F02C9/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/359 ,  F02C3/22 ,  F02C9/40 ,  F23N5/003 ,  F23N2021/10 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N33/225

摘要： Relevant fuel-gas properties (XG) are measured on an ongoing basis while a gas turbine group is operating. The C2+alkane content of the fuel gas is of particular interest in this context, since it has a significant influence on the ignitability of the fuel gas in the combustion chamber. The operating parameters of the gas turbine group are acted on directly as a function of the measured fuel-gas properties. In particular, in the case of the example of a gas turbine group with sequential combustion, the distribution of the fuel mass flows ({dot over (m)}EV, {dot over (m)}SEV) between the combustion chambers (4, 8) of the gas turbine group is varied. Furthermore, if there is provision for inert media, such as water or steam, to be introduced, it is possible for the mass flow of inert media ({dot over (m)}ST) to be controlled as a function of the measured fuel properties.

摘要翻译： 在燃气轮机组运行的同时，持续地测量相关的燃料气体性质（X N G）。 在这种情况下，燃料气体的C 2 + C 2烷烃含量是特别有意义的，因为它对燃烧室中的燃料气体的可燃性具有显着的影响。 燃气轮机组的操作参数作为测量的燃料 - 气体性质的函数直接作用。 特别地，在具有顺序燃烧的燃气轮机组的示例的情况下，燃料质量的分布流动（{dot over（m）EV，{dot over（m SEV < 燃气轮机组的燃烧室（4,8）之间的距离变化，此外，如果设置要引入的惰性介质，例如水或蒸汽，则惰性物质流可能 作为测量的燃料性质的函数来控制介质（{dot over（m ST ST ））。

公开(公告)号：US06318891B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-20

申请号：US09230847

申请日：1999-02-02

申请人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Matthias Höbel

发明人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Matthias Höbel

IPC分类号： G01J3457

CPC分类号： G01J5/0014

摘要： In a temperature measurement method for determining the adiabatic temperature of a flame, in particular in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, the chemiluminescence radiation from the flame, emitted by OH radicals and CH radicals, is detected using a spectrograph via an optical sensor fiber. The spectrally resolved raw signal of the chemiluminescence radiation is then corrected and compared with a multiplicity of theoretically determined emission spectra, until a theoretical emission spectrum coincides with the chemiluminescence spectrum. The Boltzmann temperature associated with this coinciding emission spectrum is then assigned to the chemiluminescence spectrum, the adiabatic flame temperature being derived from the Boltzmann temperature by correlation.

摘要翻译： 在用于确定火焰的绝热温度的温度测量方法中，特别是在燃气轮机的燃烧室中，使用光谱仪通过光学传感器光纤检测来自火焰的OH自由基和CH自由基发射的化学发光辐射 。 然后对化学发光辐射的光谱解析的原始信号进行校正，并与多个理论确定的发射光谱进行比较，直到理论发射光谱与化学发光光谱一致。 然后将与此一致的发射光谱相关联的玻尔兹曼温度分配给化学发光光谱，绝热火焰温度通过相关从玻尔兹曼温度得到。

公开(公告)号：US07400418B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-15

申请号：US11184864

申请日：2005-07-20

申请人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Andreas Kempe ,  Thomas Roesgen ,  Stefan Schlamp

发明人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Andreas Kempe ,  Thomas Roesgen ,  Stefan Schlamp

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01B11/14

摘要： It is disclosed a method and an apparatus of determining the distance (D) between a collimator lens (13) and an object. Low-coherence light is emitted from a light source (1) and directed the low-coherence light through a collimator lens (13) to the object. The reflected light from the collimator lens (13) and the object is directed to a beam splitter (4) and split into two beams. Within the reference arm the frequency of the beam is shifted by an acousto-optical modulator (5) to a certain frequency and within the delay arm the time delay of the beam is scanned by a variable delay line (7). After combining both beams in a beam combiner (8), the presence of a frequency component equal to the frequency shift of the acousto-optical modulator (5) is detected and the distance (D) between the collimator lens (13) and the object is calculated.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种确定准直透镜（13）和物体之间的距离（D）的方法和装置。 低相干光从光源（1）发射并将低相干光通过准直透镜（13）引导到物体。 来自准直透镜（13）和物体的反射光被引导到分束器（4）并分成两束。 在参考臂内，光束的频率被声光调制器（5）移位到一定频率，并且在延迟臂内，通过可变延迟线（7）扫描光束的时间延迟。 在光束组合器（8）中组合两个光束之后，检测到与声光调制器（5）的频移相等的频率分量的存在，以及准直透镜（13）和物体之间的距离（D） 被计算。

公开(公告)号：US20060002789A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

申请号：US11184864

申请日：2005-07-20

申请人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Andreas Kempe ,  Thomas Roesgen ,  Stefan Schlamp

发明人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Andreas Kempe ,  Thomas Roesgen ,  Stefan Schlamp

IPC分类号： F03D11/00

CPC分类号： G01B11/14

摘要： It is disclosed a method and an apparatus of determining the distance (D) between a collimator lens (13) and an object. Low-coherence light is emitted from a light source (1) and directed the low-coherence light through a collimator lens (13) to the object. The reflected light from the collimator lens (13) and the object is directed to a beam splitter (4) and split into two beams. Within the reference arm the frequency of the beam is shifted by an acousto-optical modulator (5) to a certain frequency and within the delay arm the time delay of the beam is scanned by a variable delay line (7). After combining both beams in a beam combiner (8), the presence of a frequency component equal to the frequency shift of the acousto-optical modulator (5) is detected and the distance (D) between the collimator lens (13) and the object is calculated.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种确定准直透镜（13）和物体之间的距离（D）的方法和装置。 低相干光从光源（1）发射并将低相干光通过准直透镜（13）引导到物体。 来自准直透镜（13）和物体的反射光被引导到分束器（4）并分成两束。 在参考臂内，光束的频率被声光调制器（5）移位到一定频率，并且在延迟臂内，通过可变延迟线（7）扫描光束的时间延迟。 在光束组合器（8）中组合两个光束之后，检测到与声光调制器（5）的频移相等的频率分量的存在，以及准直透镜（13）和对象之间的距离（D） 被计算。

公开(公告)号：US08516825B2

公开(公告)日：2013-08-27

申请号：US11337499

申请日：2006-01-24

申请人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Douglas Pennell ,  Christian Steinbach

发明人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Douglas Pennell ,  Christian Steinbach

IPC分类号： F02C9/00

CPC分类号： F23N5/082 ,  F23N1/002 ,  F23N2035/12 ,  F23N2037/02 ,  F23N2041/20

摘要： In a method for reducing the NOx emissions from a burner arrangement comprising a plurality of burners (B1, . . . , Bn), in particular in a gas turbine, which burners (B1, . . . , Bn) are operated in parallel and each burner supplied fuel by means of combustion air to form a flame (F1, . . . , Fn), an effective drop is achieved in a simple way by virtue of the fact that at a predetermined time the flame temperatures of individual burners (B1, . . . , Bn) or burner groups or differences between the flame temperatures of individual burners (B1, . . . , Bn) or burner groups are measured directly or indirectly. The fuel supply to those burners or burner groups whose flame temperature exceeds a predetermined value for the flame temperature is selectively throttled in order to homogenize the flame temperatures of the burners (B1, . . . , Bn).

摘要翻译： 在一种用于减少包括多个燃烧器（B1 ...，Bn）的燃烧器装置的NOx排放的方法中，特别是在燃气轮机中，燃烧器（B1，...，Bn）并联操作， 每个燃烧器通过燃烧空气供应燃料以形成火焰（F1，...，Fn），由于在预定时间内单个燃烧器（B1）的火焰温度 ，...，Bn）或燃烧器组，或单独燃烧器（B1，...，Bn）或燃烧器组的火焰温度之间的差异直接或间接测量。 火焰温度超过火焰温度的预定值的那些燃烧器或燃烧器组的燃料供应被选择性地节流，以使燃烧器（B1 ...，Bn）的火焰温度均匀化。

公开(公告)号：US07901203B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-08

申请号：US11676584

申请日：2007-02-20

申请人： Alexander Ni ,  Valter Bellucci ,  Peter Flohr ,  Bruno Schuermans ,  Majed Toqan ,  Ken-Yves Haffner

发明人： Alexander Ni ,  Valter Bellucci ,  Peter Flohr ,  Bruno Schuermans ,  Majed Toqan ,  Ken-Yves Haffner

IPC分类号： F23N1/02

CPC分类号： F23N1/002 ,  F23N5/08 ,  F23N5/082 ,  F23N5/16 ,  F23N2023/10 ,  F23N2025/04 ,  F23N2031/06 ,  F23N2037/02 ,  F23R3/28

摘要： A combustion chamber (1), in particular in a gas turbine, has at least two burners (A-H) that are connected to a fuel supply (3) via controllable fuel valves (2′ and 2). Each burner (A to H) is assigned at least one optical measuring device (4) for detecting chemiluminescent radiation, and the combustion chamber (1) is assigned a pressure sensor (7) for detecting a combustion chamber pressure. The optical measuring device (4) and the pressure sensor (7) are connected to a computing and control device, which calculates a correlation value from the incoming measured values. A high correlation value signifies that the associated burner is prone to pulsation. The computing and control device (6) is designed in such a way that it determines the burner or a burner group with the highest correlation and controls the associated fuel valve(s) in such a way that more fuel is fed to the respective burner or the respective burner group, and the pulsation tendency thereof is thereby reduced.

摘要翻译： 特别是在燃气轮机中的燃烧室（1）具有通过可控燃油门（2'和2）连接到燃料供应源（3）的至少两个燃烧器（A-H）。 每个燃烧器（A至H）分配有用于检测化学发光辐射的至少一个光学测量装置（4），并且燃烧室（1）被分配用于检测燃烧室压力的压力传感器（7）。 光学测量装置（4）和压力传感器（7）连接到计算和控制装置，其计算来自测量值的相关值。 高相关值表示相关联的燃烧器容易产生脉动。 计算和控制装置（6）被设计成使得其确定具有最高相关性的燃烧器或燃烧器组，并且以更多的燃料被供给到相应的燃烧器或者相应的燃料 相应的燃烧器组及其脉动趋势由此减小。

公开(公告)号：US20070224559A1

公开(公告)日：2007-09-27

申请号：US11676584

申请日：2007-02-20

申请人： Alexander Ni ,  Valter Bellucci ,  Peter Flohr ,  Bruno Schuermans ,  Majed Toqan ,  Ken-Yves Haffner

发明人： Alexander Ni ,  Valter Bellucci ,  Peter Flohr ,  Bruno Schuermans ,  Majed Toqan ,  Ken-Yves Haffner

IPC分类号： F23N5/08

CPC分类号： F23N1/002 ,  F23N5/08 ,  F23N5/082 ,  F23N5/16 ,  F23N2023/10 ,  F23N2025/04 ,  F23N2031/06 ,  F23N2037/02 ,  F23R3/28

摘要： A combustion chamber (1), in particular in a gas turbine, has at least two burners (A-H) that are connected to a fuel supply (3) via controllable fuel valves (2′ and 2). Each burner (A to H) is assigned at least one optical measuring device (4) for detecting chemiluminescent radiation, and the combustion chamber (1) is assigned a pressure sensor (7) for detecting a combustion chamber pressure. The optical measuring device (4) and the pressure sensor (7) are connected to a computing and control device, which calculates a correlation value from the incoming measured values. A high correlation value signifies that the associated burner is prone to pulsation. The computing and control device (6) is designed in such a way that it determines the burner or a burner group with the highest correlation and controls the associated fuel valve(s) in such a way that more fuel is fed to the respective burner or the respective burner group, and the pulsation tendency thereof is thereby reduced.

摘要翻译： 特别是在燃气轮机中的燃烧室（1）具有通过可控燃油门（2'和2）连接到燃料供应源（3）的至少两个燃烧器（A-H）。 每个燃烧器（A至H）分配有用于检测化学发光辐射的至少一个光学测量装置（4），并且燃烧室（1）被分配用于检测燃烧室压力的压力传感器（7）。 光学测量装置（4）和压力传感器（7）连接到计算和控制装置，其计算来自测量值的相关值。 高相关值表示相关联的燃烧器容易产生脉动。 计算和控制装置（6）被设计成使得其确定具有最高相关性的燃烧器或燃烧器组，并且以更多的燃料被供给到相应的燃烧器或者相应的燃料 相应的燃烧器组及其脉动趋势由此减小。

公开(公告)号：US20060144049A1

公开(公告)日：2006-07-06

申请号：US11337499

申请日：2006-01-24

申请人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Douglas Pennell ,  Christian Steinbach

发明人： Ken-Yves Haffner ,  Douglas Pennell ,  Christian Steinbach

IPC分类号： F02C7/26

CPC分类号： F23N5/082 ,  F23N1/002 ,  F23N2035/12 ,  F23N2037/02 ,  F23N2041/20

摘要： In a method for reducing the NOx emissions from a burner arrangement comprising a plurality of burners (B1, . . . , Bn), in particular in a gas turbine, which burners (B1, . . . , Bn) are operated in parallel and each burner supplied fuel by means of combustion air to form a flame (F1, . . . , Fn), an effective drop is achieved in a simple way by virtue of the fact that at a predetermined time the flame temperatures of individual burners (B1, . . . , Bn) or burner groups or differences between the flame temperatures of individual burners (B1, . . . , Bn) or burner groups are measured directly or indirectly. The fuel supply to those burners or burner groups whose flame temperature exceeds a predetermined value for the flame temperature is selectively throttled in order to homogenize the flame temperatures of the burners (B1, . . . , Bn).

摘要翻译： 在一种用于减少包括多个燃烧器（B 1，...，Bn）的燃烧器装置的NOx排放的方法中，特别是在燃气轮机（B 1，...，B n）中操作燃烧器 平行和每个燃烧器通过燃烧空气供应燃料以形成火焰（F 1，...，Fn），由于以下事实实现了有效的下降，即在预定时间内个体的火焰温度 燃烧器（B 1，...，Bn）或燃烧器组或个别燃烧器（B 1，...，Bn）或燃烧器组的火焰温度之间的差异直接或间接测量。 火焰温度超过火焰温度的预定值的那些燃烧器或燃烧器组的燃料供应被选择性地节流，以便均化燃烧器（B 1，...，B n）的火焰温度。