Abstract:
Vacuum arc devices utilized in protecting electrical apparatus and circuits against the damaging effects of high electrical transients by circuit interruption with a high current electric arc include as an essential element thereof an arcing shield to protect insulation between oppositely poled arc electrodes. In accord with the present invention, such arcing shields are fabricated of a hard ductile gas-free carbon alloy steel containing only small amounts of additives.
Abstract:
Vacuum arc devices having a pair of primary arc-electrode assemblies in the form of a rod array structure utilize hardened ferrous materials exhibiting high hardness, ductility and high recovery strength for the attainment of higher voltage handling capacity and higher current interrupting characteristics than devices utilizing conventional nonferrous cuprous alloy electrode materials.
Abstract:
An electron gun within a glass envelope generates a sheet electron beam which is focussed into a line on a phosphor screen positioned at the output end of the glass envelope. A plurality of parallel metal plates oriented in planes defined by the scan direction and normal to the phosphor screen are positioned within the glass envelope in close proximity to the phosphor screen. The plates are in the direct path of the sheet beam and result in the beam being divided into a plurality of parallel beams of number one less than the plurality of plates. Input signals simultaneously applied to the plates produce intensity modulation of the electron beams by generating electrostatic fields between adjacent plates in accordance with the input signal voltages and thereby control or modulate the fraction of each beam that passes between adjacent plates and reaches the screen. The plates thus function as a divide and modulate (D.A.M.) grid. Deflection coils or plates positioned between the electron gun and D.A.M. grid simultaneously deflect the sheet beam and resultant modulated beams in the scan (beam sweep) direction whereby the input signals can be simultaneously displayed on the screen.
Abstract:
Vacuum arc devices utilized to protect electric circuit elements against very high transient currents and voltages and exhibiting high recovery voltage and high voltage holdoff strength include primary arc electrodes fabricated from hardenable ferrous material exhibiting high hardness, ductility, and high tensile strength. Such vacuum arc devices are superior to similar devices utilizing copper or cuprous alloy electrode materials because of increased mechanical strength and increased voltage holdoff strength and higher current interruption capacity.
Abstract:
A tubular substrate of high electrical resistivity is provided with a metal oxide coating whose resistance increases significantly with ozone concentration in the atmosphere. Electrodes connected to the metal oxide coating at the tube ends provide a means for connection to an electronic circuit for obtaining a signal of level sufficient to operate a meter or alarm device.