公开(公告)号：US09147156B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-29

申请号：US13239255

申请日：2011-09-21

申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Filip Piekniewski ,  Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran ,  Jeffrey Alexander Levin ,  Venkat Rangan ,  Erik Christopher Malone

发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Filip Piekniewski ,  Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran ,  Jeffrey Alexander Levin ,  Venkat Rangan ,  Erik Christopher Malone

IPC分类号： G06F1/16 ,  G06N3/04

CPC分类号： G06N3/049

摘要： Apparatus and methods for efficient synaptic update in a network such as a spiking neural network. In one embodiment, the post-synaptic updates, in response to generation of a post-synaptic pulse by a post-synaptic unit, are delayed until a subsequent pre-synaptic pulse is received by the unit. Pre-synaptic updates are performed first following by the post-synaptic update, thus ensuring synaptic connection status is up-to-date. The delay update mechanism is used in conjunction with system “flush” events in order to ensure accurate network operation, and prevent loss of information under a variety of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic unit firing rates. A large network partition mechanism is used in one variant with network processing apparatus in order to enable processing of network signals in a limited functionality embedded hardware environment.

摘要翻译： 用于在诸如尖峰神经网络的网络中有效突触更新的装置和方法。 在一个实施例中，响应于由突触后单元产生后突触脉冲的突触后更新被延迟，直到该单元接收到后续的突触前脉冲。 先突触后更新是在突触后更新之后进行的，因此确保突触连接状态是最新的。 延迟更新机制与系统“刷新”事件结合使用，以确保网络运行准确，防止各种突触前和突触后单位发射速率下的信息丢失。 在一个变型中，网络分割机制用于网络处理设备，以便能够在有限的功能嵌入式硬件环境中处理网络信号。

公开(公告)号：US09122994B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-01

申请号：US13152105

申请日：2011-06-02

申请人： Filip Lukasz Piekniewski ,  Csaba Petre ,  Sach Hansen Sokol ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran ,  Eugene M. Izhikevich

发明人： Filip Lukasz Piekniewski ,  Csaba Petre ,  Sach Hansen Sokol ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran ,  Eugene M. Izhikevich

IPC分类号： G06N3/04

CPC分类号： G06N3/049

摘要： Object recognition apparatus and methods useful for extracting information from an input signal. In one embodiment, the input signal is representative of an element of an image, and the extracted information is encoded into patterns of pulses. The patterns of pulses are directed via transmission channels to a plurality of detector nodes configured to generate an output pulse upon detecting an object of interest. Upon detecting a particular object, a given detector node elevates its sensitivity to that particular object when processing subsequent inputs. In one implementation, one or more of the detector nodes are also configured to prevent adjacent detector nodes from generating detection signals in response to the same object representation. The object recognition apparatus modulates properties of the transmission channels by promoting contributions from channels carrying information used in object recognition.

摘要翻译： 用于从输入信号中提取信息的对象识别装置和方法。 在一个实施例中，输入信号表示图像的元素，并且将所提取的信息编码为脉冲图案。 脉冲的模式经由传输通道被引导到多个检测器节点，其被配置为在检测到感兴趣对象时产生输出脉冲。 当检测到特定物体时，给定的检测器节点在处理后续输入时提高其对该特定物体的敏感度。 在一个实现中，一个或多个检测器节点还被配置为防止相邻检测器节点响应于相同的对象表示而产生检测信号。 对象识别装置通过促进携带在对象识别中使用的信息的信道的贡献来调制传输信道的属性。

公开(公告)号：US09110771B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-18

申请号：US13015147

申请日：2011-01-27

申请人： Frank C. Hoppensteadt ,  Varun Narendra ,  Eugene M. Izhikevich

发明人： Frank C. Hoppensteadt ,  Varun Narendra ,  Eugene M. Izhikevich

IPC分类号： H04Q5/22 ,  G06F15/00 ,  G06N99/00

CPC分类号： G06K7/10366 ,  G06F15/00 ,  G06F17/11 ,  G06N3/049 ,  G06N99/00

摘要： The present invention relates to a polychronous wave propagation system that is based on relative timing between two or more propagated waves through a wave propagation medium. The relative timing may be associated with interference patterns of energy between the propagated waves. Operational behavior of the polychronous wave propagation system is based on the relative timing of the propagated waves and distances between initiators that transmit the propagated waves and responders that receive the propagated waves. The operational behavior may include arithmetical computations, memory storage, Boolean functions, frequency-based computations, or the like. The polychronous wave propagation system relies on time delays between the propagated waves that result from propagation velocities of the propagated waves through the wave propagation medium. By incorporating the time delays into the system, operational capacity may be greatly enhanced.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种基于通过波传播介质的两个或更多个传播波之间的相对定时的同步波传播系统。 相对定时可以与传播波之间的能量的干涉图案相关联。 同步波传播系统的操作行为是基于传播波的相对定时和发射传播波的发射器和接收传播波的响应器之间的距离。 操作行为可以包括算术计算，存储器存储，布尔函数，基于频率的计算等。 同步波传播系统依赖于通过波传播介质传播的波的传播速度所产生的传播波之间的时间延迟。 通过将时间延迟并入系统，可以大大提高运行能力。

公开(公告)号：US20080270169A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-30

申请号：US12108865

申请日：2008-04-24

申请人： Osman Kibar ,  Eugene M. Izhikevich

发明人： Osman Kibar ,  Eugene M. Izhikevich

IPC分类号： G06Q10/00

CPC分类号： G06Q90/00

摘要： Among other things, with respect to entities each of which has attributes from which a value of the entity to an aspect of one or more fields of human activity can be evaluated subjectively, accumulating subjective information interactively and electronically from people who are experts or peers in one or more of the fields of human activity concerning the value of the entities to the aspect of one or more of the fields, and automatically generating data about relative values of at least some of the entities to the aspect of at least one of the fields based on at least some of the accumulated subjective information.

摘要翻译： 除了别的以外，对于每一个具有属性的实体，其实体的价值可以主观地评估人类活动的一个或多个领域的一个方面，从作为专家或同伴的人交互地和电子地积累主观信息 关于实体在一个或多个领域的方面的价值的人类活动的一个或多个领域，并且自动地生成关于至少一些实体的至少一个领域的相对值的数据 基于累积的主观信息中的至少一些。

公开(公告)号：US09311593B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-12

申请号：US13117048

申请日：2011-05-26

申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich

发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich

IPC分类号： A61N1/36 ,  G06N3/04 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G06N3/049 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G06F19/36 ,  G16H40/63

摘要： Apparatus and methods for encoding sensory input information into patterns of pulses and message multiplexing. In one implementation, the patterns of pulses are polychronous (time-locked by not necessary synchronous), and a retinal prosthetic encodes the input signal into the polychronous patterns for delivery via stimulating electrodes. Different polychronous patterns simultaneously encode different sensory signals; (such as different features of the image), thus providing for message multiplexing. Increasing data transmission capacity allows for a reduction in the number of electrodes required for data transmission. In one implementation, an adaptive feedback mechanism is employed to facilitate encoder operation. In another aspect, a computer vision system is described.

摘要翻译： 用于将感觉输入信息编码成脉冲模式和消息复用的装置和方法。 在一个实施方案中，脉冲的图案是同步的（通过不必要的同步的时间锁定），并且视网膜假体将输入信号编码为多通道图案以经由刺激电极传送。 不同的同步图案同时编码不同的感觉信号; （如图像的不同特征），从而提供消息复用。 增加数据传输容量可以减少数据传输所需的电极数量。 在一个实现中，采用自适应反馈机制来促进编码器操作。 在另一方面，描述了计算机视觉系统。

公开(公告)号：US08719199B2

公开(公告)日：2014-05-06

申请号：US13239163

申请日：2011-09-21

申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Csaba Petre ,  Filip Piekniewski ,  Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran

发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Csaba Petre ,  Filip Piekniewski ,  Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran

IPC分类号： G05B13/02 ,  G06N3/08

CPC分类号： G06N3/08 ,  G05B13/027 ,  G06N3/049 ,  G06N3/10

摘要： A simple format is disclosed and referred to as Elementary Network Description (END). The format can fully describe a large-scale neuronal model and embodiments of software or hardware engines to simulate such a model efficiently. The architecture of such neuromorphic engines is optimal for high-performance parallel processing of spiking networks with spike-timing dependent plasticity. The software and hardware engines are optimized to take into account short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity in the form of LTD, LTP, and STDP.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种简单的格式，并被称为基本网络描述（END）。 该格式可以充分描述大规模神经元模型和软件或硬件引擎的实施例，以有效地模拟这种模型。 这种神经形态发动机的架构对于具有尖峰时间依赖可塑性的加标网络的高性能并行处理是最佳的。 软件和硬件引擎经过优化考虑了LTD，LTP和STDP形式的短期和长期突触可塑性。

公开(公告)号：US20130251278A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-26

申请号：US13895246

申请日：2013-05-15

申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Csaba Petre

发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Csaba Petre

IPC分类号： G06T9/00

CPC分类号： H04N19/107 ,  G06K9/46 ,  G06N3/049 ,  G06T7/20 ,  G06T7/40 ,  G06T9/002 ,  G06T2207/10016 ,  H04B14/026 ,  H04N19/00

摘要： Systems and methods for processing image signals are described. One method comprises obtaining a generator signal based on an image signal and determining relative latencies associated with two or more pulses in a pulsed signal using a function of the generator signal that can comprise a logarithmic function. The function of the generator signal can be the absolute value of its argument. Information can be encoded in the pattern of relative latencies. Latencies can be determined using a scaling parameter that is calculated from a history of the image signal. The pulsed signal is typically received from a plurality of channels and the scaling parameter corresponds to at least one of the channels. The scaling parameter may be adaptively calculated such that the latency of the next pulse falls within one or more of a desired interval and an optimal interval.

摘要翻译： 描述用于处理图像信号的系统和方法。 一种方法包括基于图像信号获得发生器信号，并且使用可以包括对数函数的发生器信号的函数来确定与脉冲信号中的两个或更多个脉冲相关联的相对延迟。 发电机信号的功能可以是其参数的绝对值。 信息可以以相对延迟的模式进行编码。 可以使用从图像信号的历史计算的缩放参数来确定延迟。 通常从多个通道接收脉冲信号，并且缩放参数对应于至少一个通道。 可以自适应地计算缩放参数，使得下一个脉冲的等待时间落入期望的间隔和最佳间隔的一个或多个之内。

公开(公告)号：US20130073484A1

公开(公告)日：2013-03-21

申请号：US13239155

申请日：2011-09-21

申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Csaba Petre ,  Filip Piekniewski

发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Csaba Petre ,  Filip Piekniewski

IPC分类号： G06N3/04

CPC分类号： G06N3/10 ,  G06N3/04 ,  G06N3/049

摘要： A simple format is disclosed and referred to as Elementary Network Description (END). The format can fully describe a large-scale neuronal model and embodiments of software or hardware engines to simulate such a model efficiently. The architecture of such neuromorphic engines is optimal for high-performance parallel processing of spiking networks with spike-timing dependent plasticity. Methods for managing memory in a processing system are described whereby memory can be allocated among a plurality of elements and rules configured for each element such that the parallel execution of the spiking networks is most optimal.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种简单的格式，并被称为基本网络描述（END）。 该格式可以充分描述大规模神经元模型和软件或硬件引擎的实施例，以有效地模拟这种模型。 这种神经形态发动机的架构对于具有尖峰时间依赖可塑性的加标网络的高性能并行处理是最佳的。 描述了用于管理处理系统中的存储器的方法，其中可以在为每个元件配置的多个元件和规则之间分配存储器，使得加标网络的并行执行是最佳的。

公开(公告)号：US20120239602A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-20

申请号：US13356166

申请日：2012-01-23

申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich

发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich

IPC分类号： G06N3/02

CPC分类号： G06N3/049 ,  G06N3/02 ,  G06N3/063 ,  G06N3/0635 ,  G06N99/005

摘要： In Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, rewards typically come seconds after reward-triggering actions, creating an explanatory conundrum known as the distal reward problem or the credit assignment problem. How does the brain know what firing patterns of what neurons are responsible for the reward if (1) the firing patterns are no longer there when the reward arrives and (2) most neurons and synapses are active during the waiting period to the reward? A model network and computer simulation of cortical spiking neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) modulated by dopamine (DA) is disclosed to answer this question. STDP is triggered by nearly-coincident firing patterns of a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron on a millisecond time scale, with slow kinetics of subsequent synaptic plasticity being sensitive to changes in the extracellular dopamine DA concentration during the critical period of a few seconds after the nearly-coincident firing patterns.

摘要翻译： 在巴甫洛夫和工具条件下，奖励通常会在奖励触发动作之后几秒钟，创造一个被称为远程奖励问题或信用分配问题的解释性难题。 如果（1）当奖励到达时，射击模式不再在那里，（2）大多数神经元和突触在等待期间是活跃的，大脑如何知道什么是神经元对于奖励的触发模式？ 披露了由多巴胺（DA）调制的具有刺激时间依赖性可塑性（STDP）的皮层加标神经元的模型网络和计算机模拟来回答这个问题。 STDP在几毫秒的时间尺度上由突触前神经元和突触后神经元的几乎一致的发射模式触发，随后突触可塑性的缓慢动力学对于在数秒后的几秒的关键时期内对细胞外多巴胺DA浓度的变化敏感 几乎一致的射击模式。

公开(公告)号：US09405975B2

公开(公告)日：2016-08-02

申请号：US13152084

申请日：2011-06-02

申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich

发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich

IPC分类号： G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/46 ,  G06K9/52 ,  G06N3/00 ,  G06N3/04

CPC分类号： G06K9/00744 ,  G06K9/46 ,  G06K9/52 ,  G06N3/008 ,  G06N3/049

摘要： Object recognition apparatus and methods useful for extracting information from sensory input. In one embodiment, the input signal is representative of an element of an image, and the extracted information is encoded in a pulsed output signal. The information is encoded in one variant as a pattern of pulse latencies relative to an occurrence of a temporal event; e.g., the appearance of a new visual frame or movement of the image. The pattern of pulses advantageously is substantially insensitive to such image parameters as size, position, and orientation, so the image identity can be readily decoded. The size, position, and rotation affect the timing of occurrence of the pattern relative to the event; hence, changing the image size or position will not change the pattern of relative pulse latencies but will shift it in time, e.g., will advance or delay its occurrence.

摘要翻译： 用于从感官输入中提取信息的对象识别装置和方法。 在一个实施例中，输入信号表示图像的元素，并且所提取的信息被编码在脉冲输出信号中。 该信息以一种变化形式被编码为相对于时间事件的发生的脉冲延迟的模式; 例如，新的视觉框架的出现或图像的移动。 脉冲图案有利地对诸如尺寸，位置和取向的图像参数基本上不敏感，因此可以容易地解码图像标识。 尺寸，位置和旋转影响图案相对于事件发生的时间; 因此，改变图像尺寸或位置将不会改变相对脉冲延迟的模式，而是在时间上移动它，例如将提前或延迟其出现。