公开(公告)号：US3815023A

公开(公告)日：1974-06-04

申请号：US37112973

申请日：1973-06-18

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： HOGG W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227

Abstract: A method and apparatus for stabilizing the widths of particle pulses produced by a Coulter type scanning aperture. The apparatus includes circuitry for sensing the widths of the particle pulses and a comparator for comparing each sensed width with a signal representative of a desired pulse width. Based upon the width comparison, an error signal is produced and coupled to control structure which varies the flow of particles through the scanning aperture, such that the error signal is reduced.

Abstract translation: 一种用于稳定由库尔特型扫描孔产生的粒子脉冲的宽度的方法和装置。 该装置包括用于感测粒子脉冲的宽度的电路和用于将每个感测到的宽度与表示期望脉冲宽度的信号进行比较的比较器。 基于宽度比较，产生误差信号并耦合到控制结构，其改变通过扫描孔径的粒子的流动，从而减小误差信号。

公开(公告)号：US3812335A

公开(公告)日：1974-05-21

申请号：US17391271

申请日：1971-08-23

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： COULTER W ,  HOGG W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G06G7/75 ,  G06G7/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G06G7/75 ,  G01N15/1227

Abstract: Apparatus which receives a train of electrical pulses from a particle analyzing device such as one which is operated in accordance with the Coulter principle, derives statistical indices from such train of pulses, stores the same in suitable storage means, receives a second train of pulses and derives the same indices from the second train of pulses, and compares the two indices. A readout device provides the comparison information. In this manner indices from one particulate system, such as for example a known sample, may be obtained and thereafter the same indices from an unknown sample may be obtained and compared with the indices from the known sample for study and analysis of the unknown particulate system.

公开(公告)号：US3801904A

公开(公告)日：1974-04-02

申请号：US3801904D

申请日：1972-09-11

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： HOGG W ,  COULTER W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227

Abstract: Apparatus for use with apparatus operating in accordance with the principles of the Coulter electronic particle studying device, for discriminating between signals from particles passing on axial or near axial paths through an aperture and particles passing off center on the basis of their differing durations. The pulse duration of a portion of the pulse is measured and only those which meet the criteria of duration established by the sensor circuitry are permitted to pass for use in pulse height analysis apparatus following the sensor. The other pulses are discarded on the basis of their greater durations. The apparatus provides structure for deriving a duration-measuring pulse whose duration extends in one case from the peak of a particle pulse to a fractional amplitude thereof, and in another case from the time of maximum slope of the leading edge to the time of maximum slope of the trailing edge. In each case the duration-measuring pulse is converted into a signal which has an amplitude proportional to duration and the latter signal is compared with a certain maximum signal level to oprate gating means for rejecting the longer duration pulses and passing the shorter duration ones. Multiple peak pulses are also discarded by means of suitable circuitry.

Abstract translation: 用于根据库尔特电子粒子研究装置的原理操作的装置的装置，用于区分通过孔径的轴向或近轴向路径上的颗粒的信号，以及基于其不同持续时间从中心离开的颗粒。 测量脉冲的一部分的脉冲持续时间，并且仅允许满足由传感器电路建立的持续时间标准的脉冲持续时间通过以用于跟随传感器的脉冲高度分析设备。 其他脉冲基于它们更长的持续时间被丢弃。 该装置提供用于导出持续时间测量脉冲的结构，其持续时间测量脉冲在一种情况下从粒子脉冲的峰值延伸到其分数振幅，并且在另一种情况下，从前缘的最大斜率到最大斜率的时间 的后缘。 在每种情况下，持续时间测量脉冲被转换成具有与持续时间成比例的幅度的信号，并且将后一个信号与特定的最大信号电平进行比较以用于抑制更长持续时间的脉冲并通过较短持续时间脉冲。 多个峰值脉冲也通过适当的电路丢弃。

公开(公告)号：US3820020A

公开(公告)日：1974-06-25

申请号：US32180773

申请日：1973-01-08

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： DOTY E ,  HOGG W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227

Abstract: A sensor for use with apparatus operating in accordance with the principles of the Coulter electronic particle studying device for differentiating between particles passing on axial or nearly axial paths through the aperture of the Coulter device and particles passing off center. The particle pulse duration is measured at two or more fractions of the amplitude of each individual particle pulse. The pulse durations so measured are converted to voltages which are compared with reference voltages derived from similar measurements made on previously processed particle pulses. If the duration of the particle pulse being processed is within specified tolerances of the reference voltages so derived at all of the fractional heights considered, a reconstructed pulse having the amplitude of the accepted pulse is impressed upon the output of the sensor apparatus for use in subsequent pulse height analysis apparatus. All pulses which cannot satisfy the criteria are discarded. Since only those pulses are accepted which have their durations at specified fractional amplitudes which are within a specified tolerance of the reference voltage levels, the acceptance or rejection of a particle pulse is based upon the shape and duration of said particle pulse, as referred to the criteria derived from pulses occurring in the immediate past history of the train of pulses being furnished to the sensor apparatus. The apparatus of the invention provides structure for deriving a duration-measuring pulse at each fractional amplitude, converting this signal into one which has an amplitude proportional to each fractional height duration, and then subjecting the resulting set of signals to multiple criteria of duration established by voltage levels to operate gating means automatically for rejecting the pulses having improper shapes or durations as determined by these criteria. A preferred embodiment uses as the said reference level a voltage level which represents a chosen percentile of the duration-measuring pulses, i.e., a voltage level such that, for instance, 25 percent of the duration-measuring pulses are smaller than, and 75 percent of the duration-measuring pulses are larger than the reference level.

公开(公告)号：US3801901A

公开(公告)日：1974-04-02

申请号：US3801901D

申请日：1972-09-11

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： HOGG W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227

Abstract: A sensor used with apparatus operating in accordance with the principles of the Coulter electronic particle studying device, for differentiating between pulses produced by particles passing on axial or nearly axial paths through an aperture and particles passing off center. The pulse duration is measured at some fraction of the individual pulse amplitudes and only those which meet the criteria of duration established by the electronic circuitry are permitted to pass for use in pulse height analysis apparatus following the sensor. The other pulses are discarded on the basis of their greater durations. The apparatus of the invention provides structure for deriving a duration-measuring pulse whose duration is that of the particle pulse at its fractional amplitude, converting the signal into one which has an amplitude proportional to duration, and then subjecting the latter signal to the criteria of duration established as amplitude levels to operate gating means automatically for rejecting the longer duration pulses and passing the shorter duration pulses.

Abstract translation: 用于与根据库尔特电子粒子研究装置的原理操作的装置一起使用的传感器，用于区分由穿过孔的轴向或近轴向路径上的颗粒产生的脉冲和从中心离开的颗粒。 在单个脉冲幅度的一些分数处测量脉冲持续时间，并且仅允许满足由电子电路建立的持续时间标准的脉冲持续时间通过以用于跟随传感器的脉冲高度分析装置。 其他脉冲基于它们更长的持续时间被丢弃。 本发明的装置提供用于导出持续时间测量脉冲的结构，其持续时间是粒子脉冲在其分数幅度的持续时间测量脉冲，将该信号转换成具有与持续时间成比例的幅度，然后将后一信号 持续时间建立为操作门控的幅度水平，自动意味着拒绝更长持续时间的脉冲并通过较短的持续时间脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US3771058A

公开(公告)日：1973-11-06

申请号：US3771058D

申请日：1971-04-05

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： HOGG W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/1218

Abstract: The scanner element or aperture tube of a Coulter particle apparatus has a wafer in which the aperture is formed, the wafer being made of a material which has electrical insulating properties but high heat conductivity. The tube is of glass and the wafer is set into the side wall of the tube. The result is a scanner element of increased sensitivity. In one form of the invention, the surfaces of the tube, at least in the vicinity of the wafer, are covered by a coating of highly conductive material coming close to but not engaging within the aperture of the wafer. The coating inside and outside of the tube will comprise electrodes in the bodies of liquid respectively disposed on opposite sides of the tube wall.

Abstract translation: 库尔特粒子装置的扫描器元件或孔径管具有其中形成孔的晶片，该晶片由具有电绝缘性能但高导热性的材料制成。 管是玻璃，并且晶片被放置在管的侧壁中。 结果是增加灵敏度的扫描仪元件。 在本发明的一种形式中，至少在晶片附近的管的表面被接近但不接合在晶片的孔内的高导电材料的涂层覆盖。 管内部和外部的涂层将包括分别设置在管壁相对侧上的液体体中的电极。

公开(公告)号：US3783391A

公开(公告)日：1974-01-01

申请号：US3783391D

申请日：1971-02-08

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： HOGG W ,  COULTER W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  H03K5/20

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227

Abstract: A sensor for use with apparatus operating in accordance with the principles of the Coulter electronic particle studying device, for discriminating between signals from particles passing on axial or near axial paths through an aperture and particles passing off center on the basis of their differing durations. The pulse duration of a portion of the pulse is measured and only those which meet the criteria of duration established by the electronic circuitry are permitted to pass for use in pulse height analysis apparatus following the sensor. The other pulses are discarded on the basis of their greater durations. The apparatus provides structure for deriving a duration-measuring pulse whose duration extends in one case from the peak of a particle pulse to a fractional amplitude thereof, and in another case from the time of maximum slope of the leading edge to the time of maximum slope of the trailing edge. In each case the duration-measuring pulse is converted into a signal which has an amplitude proportional to duration and the latter signal is compared with a certain maximum signal level to operate gating means for rejecting the longer duration pulses and passing the shorter duration ones. Multiple peak pulses are also discarded by means of suitable circuitry.

Abstract translation: 用于根据库尔特电子粒子研究装置的原理操作的装置的传感器，用于区分通过孔的轴向或近轴向路径上的颗粒的信号，以及基于其不同持续时间离开中心的颗粒。 测量脉冲的一部分的脉冲持续时间，并且仅允许满足由电子电路建立的持续时间标准的脉冲持续时间通过以用于跟随传感器的脉冲高度分析设备。 其他脉冲基于它们更长的持续时间被丢弃。 该装置提供用于导出持续时间测量脉冲的结构，其持续时间测量脉冲在一种情况下从粒子脉冲的峰值延伸到其分数振幅，并且在另一种情况下，从前缘的最大斜率到最大斜率的时间 的后缘。 在每种情况下，持续时间测量脉冲被转换成具有与持续时间成比例的幅度的信号，并且将后一信号与特定的最大信号电平进行比较，以操作用于拒绝较长持续时间脉冲并通过较短持续时间脉冲的门控装置。 多个峰值脉冲也通过适当的电路丢弃。

公开(公告)号：US3760281A

公开(公告)日：1973-09-18

申请号：US3760281D

申请日：1972-09-21

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： HOGG W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  H03K17/02 ,  H03K5/20

CPC classification number: G01N15/1227

Abstract: An axial trajectory sensor for use with an electronic particle study apparatus, for differentiating between particles passing on or nearly on axial paths through the detecting zone of the apparatus and particles passing displaced from such an axial path. The sensor derives a duration-measuring pulse for each particle, with such duration being that of the particle generated pulse at a fractional amplitude of the particle pulse. The sensor establishes a duration criteria, subjects each duration-measuring pulse to that criteria, and responds to each duration-measuring pulse by distinguishing between those longer and shorter than the duration criteria.

Abstract translation: 用于与电子粒子研究装置一起使用的轴向轨迹传感器，用于区分穿过设备的检测区域的通过或接近轴向路径的颗粒，以及从这种轴向路径偏移的颗粒。 传感器为每个粒子得到持续时间测量脉冲，其持续时间是粒子脉冲的分数幅度处的粒子产生的脉冲。 传感器建立持续时间标准，将每个持续时间测量脉冲对准该标准，并通过区分比持续时间标准更长和更短的那些来响应每个持续时间测量脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US3733548A

公开(公告)日：1973-05-15

申请号：US3733548D

申请日：1971-04-28

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： COULTER W ,  HOGG W

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G06G7/18 ,  H03K5/153 ,  G01N27/00

CPC classification number: H03K5/153 ,  G01N15/1227 ,  G06G7/18

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring particle concentration in a fluid suspension by obtaining signals from a sensing zone and relating the duration of time occupied by the particles in suspension while traversing the sensing zone to the total time. Concentration is proportional to the percentage of time particles are in the sensing zone. The apparatus includes means for measuring the duration of a predetermined portion of each particle pulse between two ascertainable points thereof, such as for example, at some fraction of its amplitude and deriving thereby a plurality of duration-measuring pulses. The direct current component of these duration-measuring pulses averaged over the time during which they occurred is obtained in a d.c. meter and is proportional to concentration. The meter indication may be calibrated in terms of concentration. The apparatus and method are particularly applicable in connection with a Coulter particle analyzing device in which the sensing zone is the aperture of the Coulter device.

Abstract translation: 用于通过从感测区域获取信号并将悬浮时所占据的时间持续时间与遍历感测区域的时间相关联来测量流体悬浮液中的颗粒浓度的装置和方法。 浓度与感测区域中颗粒的时间百分比成比例。

公开(公告)号：US3733547A

公开(公告)日：1973-05-15

申请号：US3733547D

申请日：1972-01-04

Applicant: COULTER ELECTRONICS

Inventor： COULTER W ,  HOGG W ,  LONGMAN M

IPC: G01N15/12 ,  G06G7/18 ,  H03K5/153

CPC classification number: G06G7/18 ,  G01N15/1227 ,  H03K5/153

Abstract: The apparatus includes (1) a Coulter type particle analyzing device for producing a particle pulse each time a particle is in a sensing zone, each particle pulse having poorly defined leading and trailing edges and a duration related to the time the particle is in the sensing zone, (2) electrical circuitry connected to the output of the particle analyzing device for producing, upon sensing each particle pulse above a predetermined threshold level, an output pulse having a selected clearly defined duration established between (a) a clearly defined leading edge of the output pulse occurring at a time substantially equal to the time of inflection of the slope of the leading edge of the particle pulse and (b) a clearly defined trailing edge of the output pulse occurring at substantially the same time that the instantaneous value of the trailing edge of the particle pulse falls below the level of the instantaneous value of the leading edge of the particle pulse at the time of inflection of the slope of the leading edge of the particle pulse, and (3) apparatus for measuring and displaying the duty factor of a train of the output pulses. The method includes the steps of: initiating an output pulse for each particle pulse at a time substantially equal to the time of inflection of the slope of the leading edge of the particle pulse, terminating each output pulse at substantially the same time that the instantaneous value of the trailing edge of the particle pulse falls below the level of the instantaneous value of the leading edge of the particle pulse at the time of inflection of the slope of the leading edge of the particle pulse, and measuring the duty factor of a train of the output pulses. This duty factor is closely proportional to particle concentration.

Abstract translation: 该设备包括（1）一种库尔特型粒子分析装置，用于每当粒子处于感测区域时产生粒子脉冲，每个粒子脉冲具有不太明确的前缘和后缘以及与粒子在感测中的时间有关的持续时间 区域，（2）连接到粒子分析装置的输出的电路，用于在感测到高于预定阈值水平的每个粒子脉冲时产生具有选定的明确定义的持续时间的输出脉冲，其在（a） 输出脉冲在基本上等于粒子脉冲的前沿的斜率的时间的时间发生，以及（b）输出脉冲的明确定义的后沿在与基本上相同的时间 粒子脉冲的后沿落在低于拐点时粒子脉冲的前沿的瞬时值的水平 粒子脉冲前缘的斜率，以及（3）用于测量和显示输出脉冲串的占空比的装置。