摘要:
Provided is a liquid heating apparatus capable of heating fluid such as peroxosulfuric acid solution to high temperature in a short time. The heating apparatus includes: a flow channel member forming a flow channel 4 allowing liquid to flow and having flow channel thickness of 10 mm or smaller, the flow channel member composed of material transmitting near-infrared rays; and a near-infrared heaters 7, 8 placed over the outside of at least one of opposite flow channel surfaces of the flow channel and heating the liquid in the flow channel. The liquid flowing through the flow channel is instantaneously and evenly heated using near-infrared rays. It is preferable that spacers 6 be further provided within the flow channel 4 in order to limit the volume of the flow channel. Since not only the residence time in the heating apparatus can be shortened but the possible largest heat transfer area can be also maintained by decreasing the volume of the flow channel of the heating apparatus and by increasing the flow velocity in the heating apparatus, it is possible to increase the temperature of liquid to be heated to high temperature in a very short time even if the preset temperature of heat transfer surfaces is low.
摘要:
A heating apparatus includes a switching circuit configured to switch on/off current-feeding from an AC power source to the heater, a temperature detector configured to detect a temperature of the heater, and a current-feed controller configured to execute a first current-feed mode of changing a current-feed ratio of current-feeding time to unit time by controlling switching of the switching circuit so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector falls within a target range. The current-feed controller executes a second current-feed mode of fixing the current-feed ratio to almost 100% or almost 0% during execution of the first current-feed mode in place of the first current-feed mode.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a voltage applying unit for applying a voltage to an electric load; a sub control unit for controlling the voltage applying unit; a restarting unit for restarting the sub control unit in response to receipt of a restart signal; a determining unit for determining whether or not a restart of the sub control unit is an abnormal restart; and a main control unit. The main control unit generates a control start signal for allowing the voltage applying unit to start generation of the voltage, and the restart signal. When the determining unit determines that the restart of the sub control unit is an abnormal restart, the main control unit sends again the control start signal to the sub control unit.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus is provided. A first cleaning unit is configured to collect a particle deposited on an object. An applying unit is configured to apply a voltage to the first cleaning unit. A first detector is configured to detect a first current flowing between the first cleaning unit and the object. A controller is configured to control the applying unit. When the detected first current becomes equal to or greater than a first predetermined value, the controller controls the applying unit to reduce the voltage applied to the first cleaning unit so as to make the first current smaller than the first predetermined value.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes: a carrier configured to carry developer; a voltage applying unit configured to apply a voltage to the carrier so that a carrier current flows from the voltage applying unit through the carrier; and a current detecting unit configured to detect the carrier current. The current detecting unit detects the carrier current at an uncharged portion of the carrier.
摘要:
Provided is a liquid heating apparatus capable of heating fluid such as peroxosulfuric acid solution to high temperature in a short time. The heating apparatus includes: a flow channel member forming a flow channel 4 allowing liquid to flow and having flow channel thickness of 10 mm or smaller, the flow channel member composed of material transmitting near-infrared rays; and a near-infrared heaters 7, 8 placed over the outside of at least one of opposite flow channel surfaces of the flow channel and heating the liquid in the flow channel. The liquid flowing through the flow channel is instantaneously and evenly heated using near-infrared rays. It is preferable that spacers 6 be further provided within the flow channel 4 in order to limit the volume of the flow channel. Since not only the residence time in the heating apparatus can be shortened but the possible largest heat transfer area can be also maintained by decreasing the volume of the flow channel of the heating apparatus and by increasing the flow velocity in the heating apparatus, it is possible to increase the temperature of liquid to be heated to high temperature in a very short time even if the preset temperature of heat transfer surfaces is low.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes: a carrier configured to carry developer; a voltage applying unit configured to apply a voltage to the carrier so that a carrier current flows from the voltage applying unit through the carrier; and a current detecting unit configured to detect the carrier current. The current detecting unit detects the carrier current at an uncharged portion of the carrier.
摘要:
In a power supply device, the controller outputs a control signal specifying a voltage value. The voltage conversion unit converts a first voltage to a second voltage in response to a control signal specifying a voltage value output from the controller. The voltage conversion unit converts the first voltage to a start voltage, as the second voltage, in response to a first control signal specifying a start voltage value output from the controller and further converts the first voltage to a target voltage, as the second voltage, in response to a second control signal specifying a target voltage value output from the controller. A transition period of time is intervened between generation of the start voltage and generation of the target voltage during which the controller outputs a third control signal specifying the intermediate voltage value between the start voltage value and the target voltage value.
摘要:
A heating apparatus includes a switching circuit configured to switch on/off current-feeding from an AC power source to the heater, a temperature detector configured to detect a temperature of the heater, and a current-feed controller configured to execute a first current-feed mode of changing a current-feed ratio of current-feeding time to unit time by controlling switching of the switching circuit so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector falls within a target range. The current-feed controller executes a second current-feed mode of fixing the current-feed ratio to almost 100% or almost 0% during execution of the first current-feed mode in place of the first current-feed mode.
摘要:
An automatic opening/closing apparatus for vehicle including a detected subject and a detection sensor for detecting rotation of an output shaft is downsized. A worm gear mechanism decelerating a rotation speed of an electric motor to output it from the output shaft is accommodated in a gear case, and a drum is fixed to a tip portion of the output shaft projecting from the gear case to the outside, whereby motive power of the output shaft is transmitted from this drum to a sliding door. A concave portion centering at an axial center and recessed in an axial direction is formed in a worm wheel constituting the worm gear mechanism, a magnet unit constituting a rotation sensor is disposed inside the concave portion of the worm wheel, and a magnetic sensor for detecting rotation of the magnet unit is fixed to an inner surface of the gear case.