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1.发明授权Method of wavelet estimation and multiple prediction in full wavefield inversion 有权全波场反演中小波估计和多重预测的方法公开(公告)号：US08990053B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-24
申请号：US13356342
申请日：2012-01-23
申请人： Spyridon K. Lazaratos , Ke Wang
发明人： Spyridon K. Lazaratos , Ke Wang
CPC分类号： G01V1/282 , G01V2210/56 , G01V2210/614 , G01V2210/67
摘要： Wavelet estimation method, particularly advantageous for full wavefield inversion (“FWI”) of seismic data, that makes use of both the primary and multiple reflections in the data. The inventive method uses an FWI algorithm to generate a subsurface model from primary reflections (101) in a shallow layer before first arrival of multiple reflections (101). The model is then used to simulate multiples (102). The wavelet is subsequently modified (104) such that the simulated multiples closely match the true recorded multiples (103). The simulated multiples may then be subtracted from the measured data (105) thereby creating a deeper top layer of data substantially free of multiples, and the method may then be repeated to extend the subsurface model to a greater depth (106).
摘要翻译： 小波估计方法，特别有利于地震数据的全波场反演（“FWI”），利用数据中的主反射和多重反射。 本发明的方法使用FWI算法从多次反射（101）首次到达之前的浅层中的主反射（101）产生地下模型。 然后使用该模型来模拟倍数（102）。 随后修改小波（104），使得模拟的倍数与真实的记录倍数（103）紧密匹配。 然后可以从测量数据（105）中减去模拟的倍数，从而产生基本上不含多个数据的更深的顶层数据，然后可以重复该方法以将地下模型扩展到较大的深度（106）。
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公开(公告)号：US10520619B2
公开(公告)日：2019-12-31
申请号：US15251298
申请日：2016-08-30
摘要： A method, including: obtaining a seismic dataset that is separated into subsets according to predetermined subsurface reflection angle ranges; performing, with a computer, an acoustic full wavefield inversion process on each of the subsets, respectively, to invert for density and generate respective density models; generating acoustic impedances for each of the subsets, as a function of reflection angle, using the respective density models; and transforming, using a computer, the acoustic impedances for each of the subsets into reflectivity sections, wherein the transforming includes normalizing the reflectivity sections by their respective bandwidth.
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公开(公告)号：US10310113B2
公开(公告)日：2019-06-04
申请号：US15251313
申请日：2016-08-30
摘要： A method, including: obtaining a velocity model generated by an acoustic full wavefield inversion process; generating, with a computer, a variable Q model by applying pseudo-Q migration on processed seismic data of a subsurface region, wherein the velocity model is used as a guided constraint in the pseudo-Q migration; and generating, with a computer, a final subsurface velocity model that recovers amplitude attenuation caused by gas anomalies in the subsurface region by performing a visco-acoustic full wavefield inversion process, wherein the variable Q model is fixed in the visco-acoustic full wavefield inversion process.
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公开(公告)号：US20150012256A1
公开(公告)日：2015-01-08
申请号：US14492798
申请日：2014-09-22
IPC分类号： G01V1/28
CPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G01V2210/66 , G01V2210/67
摘要： Method for speeding up iterative inversion of seismic data (106) to obtain a subsurface model (102), using local cost function optimization. The frequency spectrum of the updated model at each iteration is controlled to match a known or estimated frequency spectrum for the subsurface region, preferably the average amplitude spectrum of the subsurface P-impedance. The controlling is done either by applying a spectral-shaping filter to the source wavelet (303) and to the data (302) or by applying the filter, which may vary with time, to the gradient of the cost function (403). The source wavelet's amplitude spectrum (before filtering) should satisfy D(f)=fIp(f)W(f), where f is frequency, D(f) is the average amplitude spectrum of the seismic data, and Ip(f) is the average amplitude spectrum for P-impedance in the subsurface region (306,402) or an approximation thereof.
摘要翻译： 使用局部成本函数优化加速地震数据迭代反演（106）以获得地下模型（102）的方法。 控制每个迭代中更新模型的频谱，以匹配地下区域的已知或估计频谱，最好是地下P-阻抗的平均幅度谱。 控制是通过对源小波（303）和数据（302）应用频谱整形滤波器或通过将可随时间变化的滤波器应用于成本函数（403）的梯度来完成的。 源小波振幅谱（滤波前）应满足D（f）= fIp（f）W（f），其中f为频率，D（f）为地震数据的平均振幅谱，Ip（f）为 地下区域中的P阻抗的平均幅度谱（306,402）或其近似值。
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5.发明授权Method of evaluating a subsurface region using gather sensitive data discrimination 失效使用收集敏感数据鉴别评估地下区域的方法
公开(公告)号：US6014342A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-11
申请号：US893334
申请日：1997-07-16
摘要： A method of evaluating a subsurface region by separating/enhancing a certain type of seismic event data of interest from an overall set of seismic event data which includes other, different types of seismic event data is disclosed herein. In accordance with one feature, a particular type of gather is generated from the seismic event data such that the gather includes at least a portion of the data which is of interest and at least a portion of the other data. A series of data discrimination lines are incorporated into the gather at positions and directions which are established in the gather in a predetermined way. Using the data discrimination lines, the data of interest which is present in the gather is separated/enhanced with respect to the other data within the gather. The separated data may be used for example in producing a map of the particular subterranean region. In accordance with another feature, the gather is selected such that the incorporated discrimination lines approach a near parallel relationship with one another. Thereby, the data is transformed in a way which causes the discrimination lines to be parallel with one another, resulting in reduced frequency distortion accompanied by improved accuracy in the separation/enhancement of data. In accordance with still another feature, the disclosed data separation/enhancement method is compatible with an iterative approach.
摘要翻译： 本文公开了一种通过从包括其他不同类型的地震事件数据的整体地震事件数据集中分离/增强感兴趣的某种类型的地震事件数据来评估地下区域的方法。 根据一个特征，从地震事件数据产生特定类型的收集，使得收集包括感兴趣的数据的至少一部分和其他数据的至少一部分。 一系列数据识别线以预定方式在集合中建立的位置和方向结合到聚集体中。 使用数据识别线，相对于集合内的其他数据分离/增强存在于集合中的感兴趣的数据。 分离的数据可以用于例如生成特定地下区域的地图。 根据另一特征，选择聚集，使得并入的鉴别线彼此接近近似平行的关系。 因此，以使得识别线彼此平行的方式变换数据，导致减少的频率失真，同时提高数据分离/增强的精度。 根据另一个特征，所公开的数据分离/增强方法与迭代方法兼容。
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公开(公告)号：US20170108602A1
公开(公告)日：2017-04-20
申请号：US15251298
申请日：2016-08-30
摘要： A method, including: obtaining a seismic dataset that is separated into subsets according to predetermined subsurface reflection angle ranges; performing, with a computer, an acoustic full wavefield inversion process on each of the subsets, respectively, to invert for density and generate respective density models; generating acoustic impedances for each of the subsets, as a function of reflection angle, using the respective density models; and transforming, using a computer, the acoustic impedances for each of the subsets into reflectivity sections, wherein the transforming includes normalizing the reflectivity sections by their respective bandwidth.
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公开(公告)号：US20130028052A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-31
申请号：US13361609
申请日：2012-01-30
IPC分类号： G01V1/36
CPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G01V2210/66 , G01V2210/67
摘要： Method for speeding up iterative inversion of seismic data (106) to obtain a subsurface model (102), using local cost function optimization. The frequency spectrum of the updated model at each iteration is controlled to match a known or estimated frequency spectrum for the subsurface region, preferably the average amplitude spectrum of the subsurface P-impedance. The controlling is done either by applying a spectral-shaping filter to the source wavelet (303) and to the data (302) or by applying the filter, which may vary with time, to the gradient of the cost function (403). The source wavelet's amplitude spectrum (before filtering) should satisfy D(f)=fIp(f)W(f), where f is frequency, D(f) is the average amplitude spectrum of the seismic data, and Ip(f) is the average amplitude spectrum for P-impedance in the subsurface region (306,402) or an approximation thereof.
摘要翻译： 使用局部成本函数优化加速地震数据迭代反演（106）以获得地下模型（102）的方法。 控制每个迭代中更新模型的频谱，以匹配地下区域的已知或估计频谱，最好是地下P-阻抗的平均幅度谱。 控制是通过对源小波（303）和数据（302）应用频谱整形滤波器或通过将可随时间变化的滤波器应用于成本函数（403）的梯度来完成的。 源小波振幅谱（滤波前）应满足D（f）= fIp（f）W（f），其中f为频率，D（f）为地震数据的平均振幅谱，Ip（f）为 地下区域中的P阻抗的平均幅度谱（306,402）或其近似值。
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公开(公告)号：US5999489A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US820885
申请日：1997-03-21
摘要： A method for producing high vertical resolution seismic images from crosswell data is disclosed. In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, a set of vertically spaced, generally horizontally extending continuous layers and associated nodes are defined within a region between two boreholes. The specific number of nodes is selected such that the value of a particular characteristic of the subterranean region at each of the nodes is one which can be determined from the seismic data. Once values are established at the nodes, values of the particular characteristic are assigned to positions between the node points of each layer based on the values at node within that layer and without regard to the values at node points within any other layer. A seismic map is produced using the node values and the assigned values therebetween. In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, an approximate model of the region is established using direct arrival traveltime data. Thereafter, the approximate model is adjusted using reflected arrival data. In accordance with still another aspect of the disclosure, correction is provided for well deviation. An associated technique which provides improvements in ray tracing is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种从井间数据产生高垂直分辨率地震图像的方法。 根据本公开的一个方面，在两个钻孔之间的区域内限定一组垂直间隔开的，大致水平延伸的连续层和相关联的节点。 选择特定数量的节点，使得每个节点处的地下区域的特定特征值可以是根据地震数据确定的。 一旦在节点处建立了值，则特定特征的值基于该层内的节点处的值而不考虑任何其他层中的节点处的值而被分配给每个层的节点之间的位置。 使用节点值和它们之间的分配值产生地震图。 根据本公开的另一方面，使用直接到达旅行时间数据建立该区域的近似模型。 此后，使用反射到达数据调整近似模型。 根据本公开的另一方面，提供了井偏差的校正。 还公开了提供光线跟踪改进的相关技术。
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公开(公告)号：US10895654B2
公开(公告)日：2021-01-19
申请号：US15941474
申请日：2018-03-30
摘要： A method, including: determining, with a computer, a reflectivity spectrum; generating, with a computer, a target spectrum that is a convolution of a roll-off function and the reflectivity spectrum; and filtering, with a computer, seismic data to cause the seismic data to have the target spectrum.
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公开(公告)号：US20180306940A1
公开(公告)日：2018-10-25
申请号：US15941474
申请日：2018-03-30
摘要： A method, including: determining, with a computer, a reflectivity spectrum; generating, with a computer, a target spectrum that is a convolution of a roll-off function and the reflectivity spectrum; and filtering, with a computer, seismic data to cause the seismic data to have the target spectrum.
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