公开(公告)号：US06258247B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-10

申请号：US09247196

申请日：1999-02-09

Applicant: Craig W. Brown ,  Richard J. Brooks ,  Patrick B. Frizzle ,  Drago D. Juric

Inventor： Craig W. Brown ,  Richard J. Brooks ,  Patrick B. Frizzle ,  Drago D. Juric

IPC: C25C306

CPC classification number: C25C3/18

Abstract: An electrolytic bath for use during the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum. The bath comprises a molten electrolyte having the following ingredients: (a) AlF3 and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of NaF, KF, and LiF; and (b) about 0.004 wt. % to about 0.2 wt. %, based on total weight of the molten electrolyte, of at least one transition metal or at least one compound of the metal or both. The compound may be, for example, a fluoride, oxide, or carbonate. The metal can be nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, or molybdenum. The bath can be employed in a combination that includes a vessel for containing the bath and at least one non-consumable anode and at least one dimensionally stable cathode in the bath. Employing the bath of the present invention during electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum can improve the wetting of aluminum on a cathode by reducing or eliminating the formation of non-metallic deposits on the cathode.

Abstract translation: 在氧化铝电解还原成铝时使用的电解槽。 该浴包括具有以下成分的熔融电解质：（a）AlF 3和至少一种选自NaF，KF和LiF的盐; 和（b）约0.004wt。 ％至约0.2wt。 ％，基于熔融电解质的总重量，至少一种过渡金属或至少一种金属化合物或两者。 化合物可以是例如氟化物，氧化物或碳酸盐。 金属可以是镍，铁，铜，钴或钼。 浴可以组合使用，其包括用于容纳浴的容器和至少一个非消耗性阳极和在浴中的至少一个尺寸稳定的阴极。 在将氧化铝还原成铝的同时使用本发明的浴可以通过减少或消除阴极上非金属沉积物的形成来改善阴极上的铝的润湿性。

公开(公告)号：US4865701A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-12

申请号：US238472

申请日：1988-08-31

Applicant: Theodore R. Beck ,  Richard J. Brooks

Inventor： Theodore R. Beck ,  Richard J. Brooks

IPC: C25C3/06 ,  C25C3/08

CPC classification number: C25C3/06 ,  C25C3/08

Abstract: Alumina is reduced to molten aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing a molten electrolyte bath composed of halide salts and having a density less than alumina and aluminum and a melting point less than aluminum. The cell comprises a plurality of vertically disposed, spaced-apart, non-consumable, dimensionally stable anodes and cathodes. Alumina particles are dispersed in the bath to form a slurry. Current is passed between the electrodes, and oxygen bubbles form at the anodes, and molten aluminum droplets form at the cathodes. The oxygen bubbles agitate the bath and enhance dissolution of the alumina adjacent the anodes and inhibit the alumina particles from settling at the bottom of the bath. The molten aluminum droplets flow downwardly along the cathodes and accumulate at the bottom of the bath.

Abstract translation: 氧化铝在含有由卤化物盐组成的熔融电解质浴的电解槽中还原成熔融铝，其密度小于氧化铝和铝，熔点小于铝。 电池包括多个垂直设置的间隔开的不可消耗的尺寸稳定的阳极和阴极。 将氧化铝颗粒分散在浴中以形成浆料。 在电极之间通过电流，在阳极处形成氧气泡，并且在阴极处形成熔融的铝液滴。 氧气泡搅动浴，并增强邻近阳极的氧化铝的溶解，并抑制氧化铝颗粒沉淀在浴底部。 熔融的铝液滴沿着阴极向下流动并积聚在浴底部。

公开(公告)号：US4385593A

公开(公告)日：1983-05-31

申请号：US253779

申请日：1981-04-13

Applicant: Richard J. Brooks

Inventor： Richard J. Brooks

IPC: F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/00

CPC classification number: F02M25/0228 ,  F02D19/0655 ,  F02D19/0668 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02M31/18 ,  Y02T10/121 ,  Y02T10/126 ,  Y02T10/36

Abstract: Alcohol and water are mixed as liquids in a volume ratio of water to alcohol in the range 0.3-1.0 to 1. The liquid mixture is heated in heat exchanging relation with the exhaust conduit of a gasoline operated internal combustion engine, to convert the mixture to a gaseous state which is then combined with a mixture of gasoline and air for introduction into the engine. The water-alcohol mixture is 3-14 vol. % of the gasoline.

Abstract translation: 酒精和水以体积比为0.3-1.0:1的水与醇的体积比混合。液体混合物与汽油操作的内燃机的排气管道以热交换关系加热，将混合物转化为 气态，然后与汽油和空气的混合物组合以引入发动机。 水 - 醇混合物为3-14vol。 ％的汽油。

公开(公告)号：US4311552A

公开(公告)日：1982-01-19

申请号：US122281

申请日：1980-02-19

Applicant: Albert Brucato ,  Richard J. Brooks

Inventor： Albert Brucato ,  Richard J. Brooks

IPC: D21C5/02

CPC classification number: D21C5/027 ,  Y02W30/648

Abstract: Waste newsprint is defibered in an aqueous bath to which is added a deinking agent. The resulting slurry or pulp is rinsed, drained and formed into paper sheets. The deinking agent is a C.sub.14 to C.sub.20 alpha olefin sulfonate or a mixture of C.sub.18 alpha olefin sulfonate and a non-ionic detergent, depending upon the conditions of the deinking bath.

Abstract translation: 废旧新闻纸在水浴中脱水，加入脱墨剂。 将所得浆液或纸浆冲洗，排干并形成纸片。 取决于脱墨槽的条件，脱墨剂是C14至C20α烯烃磺酸盐或C18α烯烃磺酸盐和非离子型洗涤剂的混合物。

公开(公告)号：US4267119A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-12

申请号：US106247

申请日：1979-12-21

Applicant: Burton Brooks ,  Richard J. Brooks

Inventor： Burton Brooks ,  Richard J. Brooks

IPC: B01J10/00 ,  C07B45/02 ,  C07C303/00

CPC classification number: C07B45/02 ,  B01J10/002 ,  C07C303/06 ,  C07C303/24 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00123 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: An organic reactant is sulfonated by injecting it into a stream of gas comprising sulfur trioxide, at a venturi, and the resulting reaction mixture is quenched with a stream of cooled, recycled reaction product immediately downstream of the venturi in a conduit in which particles of reaction mixture are agglomerated into a film of the recycle stream and in which additional sulfonation reaction occurs.

Abstract translation: 在文氏管中将有机反应物注入包含三氧化硫的气体流中进行磺化，并将所得反应混合物在紧邻文丘里管下游的冷却的再循环反应产物流中在其中在其中的反应颗粒中进行骤冷 混合物凝聚成循环物流的膜，并且在其中发生另外的磺化反应。

公开(公告)号：US4239035A

公开(公告)日：1980-12-16

申请号：US909012

申请日：1978-05-24

Applicant: Richard J. Brooks ,  Thomas W. Marson

Inventor： Richard J. Brooks ,  Thomas W. Marson

IPC: F24J2/24 ,  F24J2/46 ,  F24J3/02

CPC classification number: F24J2/4649 ,  F24J2/202 ,  Y02E10/44

Abstract: A liquid containing carbon particles in a predetermined concentration is circulated through a multiplicity of channels in a solar panel to heat the liquid which is then circulated through a heat exchanger. The solar panel is clear and uncolored, and the surfaces of the panel contacting the liquid are wetted with a wetting agent added to the liquid. The carbon particles are also wetted. The liquid is uniformly distributed through all the channels in the panel.

Abstract translation: 含有预定浓度的碳颗粒的液体通过太阳能电池板中的多个通道循环，以加热随后通过热交换器循环的液体。 太阳能电池板是透明和无色的，并且接触液体的面板的表面被加入到液体中的润湿剂润湿。 碳颗粒也被润湿。 液体均匀分布在面板中的所有通道中。

公开(公告)号：US4185030A

公开(公告)日：1980-01-22

申请号：US850350

申请日：1977-11-10

Applicant: Burton Brooks ,  Richard J. Brooks

Inventor： Burton Brooks ,  Richard J. Brooks

IPC: B01J10/00 ,  C07B45/02 ,  C07C303/00 ,  C07C309/30 ,  C07B13/02

CPC classification number: C07B45/02 ,  B01J10/002 ,  C07C303/06 ,  C07C303/24 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00123 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: An organic reactant is sulfonated by injecting it into a stream of gas comprising sulfur trioxide, at a venturi, and the resulting reaction mixture is quenched with a stream of cooled, recycled reaction product immediately downstream of the venturi in a conduit in which particles of reaction mixture are agglomerated into a film of the recycle stream and in which additional sulfonation reaction occurs.

Abstract translation: 在文氏管中将有机反应物注入包含三氧化硫的气体流中进行磺化，并将所得反应混合物在紧邻文丘里管下游的冷却的再循环反应产物流中在其中在其中的反应颗粒中进行骤冷 混合物凝聚成循环物流的膜，并且在其中发生另外的磺化反应。

公开(公告)号：US4113438A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-12

申请号：US746242

申请日：1976-12-01

Applicant: Burton Brooks ,  Richard J. Brooks

Inventor： Burton Brooks ,  Richard J. Brooks

IPC: C07C309/01 ,  B01J10/00 ,  C07B45/02 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C301/00 ,  C07C303/00 ,  C07C303/02 ,  C07C303/06 ,  C07C303/24 ,  C07C305/00 ,  C07C309/28 ,  C07C309/30 ,  C07C143/24 ,  B01D47/10 ,  B01J1/14

CPC classification number: C07C303/14 ,  B01J10/002 ,  C07B45/02 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00123 ,  Y02P20/582 ,  Y10S261/54 ,  Y10S261/56

Abstract: An apparatus is provided wherein organic reactant is sulfonated by injecting it into a stream of gas comprising sulfur trioxide, at a venturi, and the resulting reaction mixture is quenched with a stream of cooled, recycled reaction product immediately downstream of the venturi in a conduit in which particles of reaction mixture are agglomerated into a film of the recycle stream and in which additional sulfonation reaction occurs.

公开(公告)号：US06485628B1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-26

申请号：US09721836

申请日：2000-11-25

Applicant: Craig W. Brown ,  Richard J. Brooks ,  Patrick B. Frizzle ,  Drago D. Juric

Inventor： Craig W. Brown ,  Richard J. Brooks ,  Patrick B. Frizzle ,  Drago D. Juric

IPC: C25C306

CPC classification number: C25C3/18

Abstract: An electrolytic bath for use during the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum. The bath comprises a molten electrolyte having the following ingredients: (a) AlF3 and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of NaF, KF, and LiF; and (b) about 0.004 wt. % to about 0.2 wt. %, based on total weight of the molten electrolyte, of at least one transition metal or at least one compound of the metal or both. The compound may be, for example, a fluoride, oxide, or carbonate. The metal can be nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, or molybdenum. The bath can be employed in a combination that includes a vessel for containing the bath and at least one non-consumable anode and at least one dimensionally stable cathode in the bath. Employing the bath of the present invention during electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum can improve the wetting of aluminum on a cathode by reducing or eliminating the formation of non-metallic deposits on the cathode. Removing sulfur from the bath can also minimize cathode deposits. Aluminum formed on the cathode can be removed directly from the cathode.

Abstract translation: 在氧化铝电解还原成铝时使用的电解槽。 该浴包括具有以下成分的熔融电解质：（a）AlF 3和至少一种选自NaF，KF和LiF的盐; 和（b）约0.004wt。 ％至约0.2wt。 ％，基于熔融电解质的总重量，至少一种过渡金属或至少一种金属化合物或两者。 化合物可以是例如氟化物，氧化物或碳酸盐。 金属可以是镍，铁，铜，钴或钼。 浴可以组合使用，其包括用于容纳浴的容器和至少一个非消耗性阳极和在浴中的至少一个尺寸稳定的阴极。 在将氧化铝还原成铝的同时使用本发明的浴可以通过减少或消除阴极上非金属沉积物的形成来改善阴极上的铝的润湿性。 从浴中除去硫还可以使阴极沉积物最小化。 形成在阴极上的铝可以直接从阴极去除。

公开(公告)号：US06379512B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-30

申请号：US09721846

申请日：2000-11-25

Applicant: Craig W. Brown ,  Richard J. Brooks ,  Patrick B. Frizzle ,  Drago D. Juric

Inventor： Craig W. Brown ,  Richard J. Brooks ,  Patrick B. Frizzle ,  Drago D. Juric

IPC: C25C300

CPC classification number: C25C3/18

Abstract: An electrolytic bath for use during the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum. The bath comprises molten electrolyte having the following ingredients: AlF3 and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of NaF, KF, and LiF; and about 0.004 wt. % to about 0.2 wt. %, based on total weight of the molten electrolyte, of at least one transition metal or at least one compound of the metal or both. The compound is, a fluoride; oxide, or carbonate. The metal is nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, or molybdenum. The bath is employed in a combination including a vessel for containing the bath and at least one non-consumable anode and at least one dimensionally stable cathode in the bath. Employing the instant bath during electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum improves the wetting of aluminum on a cathode by reducing or eliminating the formation of non-metallic deposits on the cathode.

Abstract translation: 在氧化铝电解还原成铝时使用的电解槽。 该浴包括具有以下成分的熔融电解质：AlF 3和至少一种选自NaF，KF和LiF的盐; 和约0.004wt。 ％至约0.2wt。 ％，基于熔融电解质的总重量，至少一种过渡金属或至少一种金属化合物或两者。 化合物是氟化物; 氧化物或碳酸盐。 金属是镍，铁，铜，钴或钼。 浴用于组合，包括用于容纳浴的容器和至少一个非消耗性阳极以及浴中至少一个尺寸稳定的阴极。 在将氧化铝电解还原成铝的同时，通过减少或消除阴极上非金属沉积物的形成，可以使铝在阴极上的润湿性得到改善。