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1.发明授权Contaminant diffusion barrier for a ceramic oxide superconductor coating on a substrate 失效衬底上的陶瓷氧化物超导体涂层的污染物扩散阻挡层
公开(公告)号：US5284825A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-08
申请号：US901546
申请日：1992-08-17
CPC分类号： C04B41/80 , C04B35/45 , C04B35/653 , C04B41/0072 , H01L39/248 , H01R4/68 , Y10S505/73 , Y10S505/733
摘要： A superconducting structure is provided comprising a substrate, a superconductor coating supported by the substrate and a diffusion barrier positioned between the superconductor coating and the substrate to inhibit diffusion of contaminants from the substrate to the superconductor coating. The coating is a ceramic oxide having superconducting properties. The diffusion barrier may likewise be a ceramic oxide, but differs in its specific composition to provide it with a peritectic decomposition temperature greater than the superconductor coating. Accordingly, the diffusion barrier exhibits substantially lower atomic mobility than the superconductor coating during manufacture of the superconducting structure, thereby preventing contamination of the coating by the substrate.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种超导结构，其包括基底，由基底支撑的超导体涂层和位于超导体涂层和基底之间的扩散阻挡层，以抑制污染物从基底扩散到超导体涂层。 该涂层是具有超导特性的陶瓷氧化物。 扩散阻挡层同样可以是陶瓷氧化物，但其特定组成不同，使其具有比超导体涂层更大的包晶分解温度。 因此，在超导结构的制造期间，扩散阻挡层显示出比超导体涂层显着更低的原子迁移率，从而防止基底对涂层的污染。
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公开(公告)号：US5151819A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-29
申请号：US558600
申请日：1990-07-27
申请人： Richard B. Stephens
发明人： Richard B. Stephens
CPC分类号： G02B5/0247 , B64G1/54 , F41H11/02 , G02B5/0284
摘要： A barrier supported by an object, such as a satellite or missile for use in space, for scattering a coherent beam of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in a predetermined range of wavelengths which range is within, but does not necessarily fully include, the range of about 0.2 micron to about 11 microns and emanating from a distant source of such radiation. The barrier includes a non-metallic layer formed by a large number of first components and large number of second components with each of the second components spacing adjacent ones of the first components. The first components have a relative high index refraction and the second components have a relatively low index of refraction. The optical thickness of at least a majority of the first and second components is within an order of magnitude of the wavelength of the radiation and both of the components are transparent at the wavelength of the radiation. The layer has a thickness between 0.2 micron and 1000 microns. A method of protecting the object is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 由物体（例如用于空间的卫星或导弹）支撑的障碍物用于散射波长在波长范围内的波长的相干光束，所述波长在波长范围内，但不一定完全包括在 约0.2微米至约11微米，并从远离辐射源发出。 阻挡层包括由大量第一部件和大量第二部件形成的非金属层，其中每个第二部件分隔相邻的第一部件。 第一组分具有相对较高的折射率折射率，第二组分具有较低的折射率。 第一和第二组分的至少大部分的光学厚度在辐射的波长的一个数量级内，并且这两个组分在辐射的波长处是透明的。 该层具有0.2微米至1000微米的厚度。 还公开了一种保护物体的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4313023A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-26
申请号：US163727
申请日：1980-06-27
申请人： Richard B. Stephens
发明人： Richard B. Stephens
IPC分类号： H01L31/048 , H01L31/052 , H01L31/04
CPC分类号： H01L31/048 , H01L31/035281 , H01L31/0547 , Y02E10/52
摘要： A solar cell module is provided in which a plurality of solar cells are linearly arrayed on a support structure, preferably in a close packed configuration. Adjacent the linearly arrayed cells is a lengthwise land area having facets with light reflective surfaces, the grooves defined by the facets running the length of the linearly arrayed cells. A light transparent optical medium couples the facets and the solar cells. Importantly the facet surfaces are angularly disposed at a predetermined angle such that solar radiation incident on the facet surface will be reflected upwardly into the optical medium where it will be internally reflected downwardly onto a solar cell thereby enhancing the output of the module.
摘要翻译： 提供太阳能电池模块，其中多个太阳能电池线性地排列在支撑结构上，优选为紧密堆积的构造。 与线性排列的单元相邻的是具有具有光反射表面的刻面的长度方向的区域区域，由小平面限定的沟槽延伸线性排列的单元的长度。 光透明光学介质耦合小平面和太阳能电池。 重要的是，小面表面以预定的角度成角度地设置，使得入射在小平面上的太阳辐射将向上反射到光学介质中，在那里它将被内部反射到太阳能电池上，从而增强了模块的输出。
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公开(公告)号：US4270517A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-02
申请号：US027075
申请日：1979-04-04
申请人： Richard B. Stephens
发明人： Richard B. Stephens
CPC分类号： F24J2/407 , F24J2/4609 , F24J2/4623 , F24J2/4632 , F24J2/505 , Y02E10/40
摘要： Apparatus for optical switching which uses a fluid medium whose refractive index is matched to that of a highly dispersed optical scattering layer to provide optical transparency of said scatterer when immersed in the fluid media and optical reflection in the absence thereof. The fluid optical switch is embodied in a solar energy collector to provide overtemperature protection to collector components and further to provide a convenient means for turning off the collector during periods of nonuse.
摘要翻译： 用于光学切换的设备，其使用其折射率与高度分散的光学散射层的折射率匹配的流体介质，以在浸没在流体介质中时提供所述散射体的光学透明度，并且在不存在的情况下进行光学反射。 流体光开关体现在太阳能收集器中，以向收集器部件提供过温保护，并进一步提供了在不使用期间关闭收集器的方便手段。
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公开(公告)号：US4828685A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-09
申请号：US66076
申请日：1987-06-24
申请人： Richard B. Stephens
发明人： Richard B. Stephens
CPC分类号： B03C1/005 , B03C1/021 , Y10S505/786 , Y10S505/932
摘要： A method and apparatus for separating at least one superconductive phase from a multiphase material which may contain multiple superconductive phases and a normal phase by the use of diamagnetic force. A material containing multiple phases is pulverized into granules approximately the grain size of a selected superconductive phase and is then subjected to a force to cause movement of the particles in a particular direction. The selected superconductive phase is made superconducting by cooling the material below its transition temperature. Diamagnetic force is then generated by an applied magnetic field which deflects and separates the superconducting granules but has substantially no effect on the nonsuperconducting granules. Conversely, the selected superconductive phase has a magnetic field applied to it and then is made superconducting to cause a separation. Several specialized apparatus for carrying out the method are disclosed wherein adjustments to a gravitational or other force and the diamagnetic force can be made to provide efficient separation and classification.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从多相材料中分离出至少一个超导相的方法和装置，所述多相材料可以通过使用反磁力而含有多个超导相和正相。 将含有多相的材料粉碎成大约所选超导相的晶粒尺寸的颗粒，然后受到力的作用使颗粒沿特定方向移动。 所选择的超导相通过将材料冷却到其转变温度以下而进行超导。 然后通过施加的磁场产生反磁力，该磁场使超导颗粒偏转和分离，但对非导电颗粒基本上没有影响。 相反，所选择的超导相具有施加到其上的磁场，然后被制成超导以引起分离。 公开了用于执行该方法的几种专用设备，其中可以对重力或其他力进行调整和抗磁力，以提供有效的分离和分类。
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公开(公告)号：US4268347A
公开(公告)日：1981-05-19
申请号：US6549
申请日：1979-01-26
申请人： Richard B. Stephens
发明人： Richard B. Stephens
IPC分类号： H01L31/0236 , B44C1/22 , B29C17/08 , C03C15/00 , C03C25/06
CPC分类号： H01L31/0236 , Y02E10/50
摘要： Low reflectivity surfaces are formed by particle track etching of a dielectric material such that the horizontal scale of surface texture is less than the wavelength of incident radiation and the depth of texture is equal to or greater than said wavelength. As a consequence, the reflection coefficient is thereby reduced by a factor of at least two, and light is more efficiently transmitted into the material. For solar cells encapsulated in transparent material, efficiency of absorption of solar radiation may be improved by at least about two times per etched surface, or to less than about 2% for the air/transparent material interface and to less than about 15% for the transparent material/solar cell interface.
摘要翻译： 低反射率表面通过电介质材料的粒子轨道蚀刻形成，使得表面纹理的水平尺度小于入射辐射的波长，纹理深度等于或大于所述波长。 因此，反射系数由此降低至少两倍，并且光更有效地传输到材料中。 对于封装在透明材料中的太阳能电池，太阳辐射的吸收效率可以通过每个蚀刻表面的至少约两倍提高，或者对于空气/透明材料界面可以提高至小于约2％，对于 透明材料/太阳能电池接口。
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公开(公告)号：US4701366A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-20
申请号：US750140
申请日：1985-07-01
IPC分类号： B01J20/281 , B01J20/18 , B01J29/04 , B01J35/10 , B01J37/00 , B01J39/14 , B01J41/10 , C22C1/08 , C22C45/00 , C23C28/00 , C30B33/00 , G01N30/88 , B05D1/32 , B32B3/26 , B32B3/00
CPC分类号： C23C28/00 , B01J37/0018 , C22C1/08 , C22C45/00 , C30B29/68 , C30B33/00 , Y10T428/24744 , Y10T428/24752 , Y10T428/24998 , Y10T428/8305
摘要： A high surface area substrate with controlled pore size and slot geometry is made by depositing at least two materials in alternating layers. The film is then broken up and one of the materials is etched away to produce a slotted surface structure. These slots can add size and shape selectively to separations and catalytic processes which because of the uniform and controllable dimensions (>5A) would be superior to that obtainable from zeolites and clays.
摘要翻译： 通过在交替层中沉积至少两种材料制成具有受控孔径和槽几何形状的高表面积基材。 然后将薄膜破碎，并将其中一种材料蚀刻掉以产生开槽表面结构。 这些槽可以选择性地增加分离和催化过程的尺寸和形状，因为均匀和可控的尺寸（> 5A）将优于从沸石和粘土获得的尺寸和形状。
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公开(公告)号：US4261331A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-14
申请号：US45223
申请日：1979-06-04
申请人： Richard B. Stephens
发明人： Richard B. Stephens
CPC分类号： F24J2/4623 , Y02E10/40
摘要： An optical switching device for reflecting incident light at or above a predetermined temperature comprises a layer of a metal sulfate salt solution in thermal contact with a source of heat. The solution is characterized as having decreasing salt solubility with increasing temperature. When the heat source exceeds a predetermined temperature, the solution precipitates a light scattering layer, substantially reflecting incident light.Embodied in a solar panel, the present invention provides automatic over-temperature control, reflecting light from the energy converter whenever panel temperature exceeds a predetermined limit.
摘要翻译： 用于反射在预定温度或高于预定温度的入射光的光学开关装置包括与热源热接触的金属硫酸盐溶液层。 该溶液的特征在于随着温度的升高盐的溶解度降低。 当热源超过预定温度时，溶液沉淀光散射层，基本反射入射光。 在太阳能电池板中，本发明提供了自动过温控制，每当面板温度超过预定极限时反射来自能量转换器的光。
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公开(公告)号：US4245229A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-13
申请号：US6599
申请日：1979-01-26
申请人： Richard B. Stephens
发明人： Richard B. Stephens
CPC分类号： G11B7/241 , G11B7/24 , G11B7/2531 , G11B7/2575 , G11B7/258
摘要： An optical recording medium is disclosed which comprises a reflecting material, the surface of which is characterized by cavities of average depth D and of average spacing S such that for incident radiation of wavelength .lambda., S is less than about .lambda./20 and D is either greater than .lambda./6 or less than .lambda./6 and is capable of being altered to either less than or greater than .lambda./6, respectively.In the practice of the invention, the heat from a high intensity energy source, such as a laser operating in the ultraviolet, optical or near-infrared region or a beam of electrons, softens the reflective material at the surface and, depending on the sign of the surface energy, either increases or decreases D, thus lowering or raising the reflectivity of the surface, respectively.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种光记录介质，其包括反射材料，其表面的特征在于具有平均深度D的空腔和平均间隔S，使得对于波长λ的入射辐射，S小于约λ/ 20，D为 大于λ/ 6或小于λ/ 6，并且能够分别改变为小于或大于λ/ 6。 在本发明的实践中，来自高强度能量源的热量，例如在紫外线，光学或近红外区域中操作的激光或电子束，使表面上的反射材料软化，并且根据符号 的表面能量分别增加或减少D，从而分别降低或提高表面的反射率。
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公开(公告)号：US5149681A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-22
申请号：US523221
申请日：1990-05-14
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , C04B35/45 , C04B35/653 , C04B41/0072 , C04B41/80 , H01L39/248 , H01R4/68 , Y10S428/901 , Y10S428/93 , Y10S505/701 , Y10S505/702 , Y10S505/703 , Y10S505/704 , Y10T29/49712 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： A pre-existing superconductor ceramic which is bonded to a substrate is passed through a relatively short heating zone to melt the ceramic superconductor. As the superconductor is subsequently cooled after it has passed through the heating zone, a temperature gradient is established along the superconductor which causes the melted crystals to renucleate and grow along and parallel to the temperature gradient. The resulting crystalline structure exhibits improved superconducting properties when the superconductor is placed in the presence of a magnetic field. For appropriate applications, the substrate can be formed as a wire.
摘要翻译： 结合到基底上的预先存在的超导体陶瓷通过相对较短的加热区以熔化陶瓷超导体。 随着超导体在其通过加热区之后随后冷却，沿着超导体建立温度梯度，这导致熔融的晶体沿着温度梯度重新生长并且沿着温度梯度生长。 当超导体存在磁场时，所得到的结晶结构表现出改进的超导性能。 对于适当的应用，基底可以形成为线。
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