公开(公告)号：US12107304B2

公开(公告)日：2024-10-01

申请号：US17513470

申请日：2021-10-28

Applicant: Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Inventor： Rui Emanuel Frias ,  Kevin Hartley Beverage

IPC: H01M8/249 ,  H01M8/04537 ,  H01M8/04664 ,  H01M8/18

CPC classification number: H01M8/04671 ,  H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/188 ,  H01M8/249

Abstract: A flow battery system is disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US12009562B2

公开(公告)日：2024-06-11

申请号：US17727904

申请日：2022-04-25

Applicant: Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Inventor： Arthur J. Esswein ,  John Goeltz ,  Desiree Amadeo

IPC: C01C3/12 ,  C01C3/08 ,  H01M8/08 ,  H01M8/18 ,  H01M8/20 ,  H01M8/22

CPC classification number: H01M8/222 ,  H01M8/08 ,  H01M8/188 ,  H01M8/20 ,  H01M2300/0002 ,  Y02E60/36 ,  Y02E60/50

Abstract: Stable solutions comprising high concentrations of charged coordination complexes, including iron hexacyanides are described, as are methods of preparing and using same in chemical energy storage systems, including flow battery systems. The use of these compositions allows energy storage densities at levels unavailable by other iron hexacyanide systems.

公开(公告)号：US20240006645A1

公开(公告)日：2024-01-04

申请号：US18468035

申请日：2023-09-15

Applicant: LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY, LLC

Inventor： Zachariah M. Norman ,  Matthew Millard ,  Emily Grace Nelson ,  Scott Thomas Humbarger

IPC: H01M8/18 ,  C07D209/04 ,  C07D209/46 ,  C07D221/00 ,  C07D279/12 ,  C07F1/00 ,  C07F3/00 ,  H01M4/36 ,  H01M4/60

CPC classification number: H01M8/188 ,  C07D209/04 ,  C07D209/46 ,  C07D221/00 ,  C07D279/12 ,  C07F1/005 ,  C07F3/003 ,  H01M4/368 ,  H01M4/60

Abstract: Flow batteries can include a first half-cell containing a first aqueous electrolyte solution. a second half-cell containing a second aqueous electrolyte solution, and a separator disposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell, The first aqueous electrolyte solution contains a first redox-active material, and the second aqueous electrolyte solution contains a second redox-active material. At least one of the first redox-active material and the second redox-active material is a nitroxide compound or a salt thereof. Particular nitroxide compounds can include a doubly bonded oxygen contained in a ring bearing the nitroxide group, a doubly bonded oxygen appended to a ring bearing the nitroxide group, sulfate or phosphate groups appended to a ring bearing the nitroxide group, various heterocyclic rings bearing the nitroxide group, or acyclic nitroxide compounds.

公开(公告)号：US11764388B2

公开(公告)日：2023-09-19

申请号：US17580933

申请日：2022-01-21

Applicant: Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Inventor： Andrew Joseph Melough ,  Jeremy S. Loretz

IPC: H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/248 ,  H01M8/2404 ,  H01M8/18

CPC classification number: H01M8/248 ,  H01M8/188 ,  H01M8/2404

Abstract: Provided are assemblies, comprising: a first leaf spring; a second leaf spring; and at least one component; the first leaf spring and the second leaf spring being superposed over a first end of the at least one component so as to exert first and second forces, respectively, through first and second regions of the component. These assemblies are useful to apply different forces to a stacked assembly where a cross section of a component of the assembly comprises materials of different Young's moduli within that cross section, thereby compressing different regions of the component with different forces.

公开(公告)号：US11444286B2

公开(公告)日：2022-09-13

申请号：US16743599

申请日：2020-01-15

Applicant: Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Inventor： Jeremy Loretz ,  Srivatsava Venkataranga Puranam ,  Helen Elizabeth Vanbenschoten

IPC: H01M4/36 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/18 ,  H01M4/96

Abstract: Electrochemical cells, such as those present within flow batteries, can include at least one electrode with one face being more hydrophilic than is the other. Such electrodes can lessen the incidence of parasitic reactions by directing convective electrolyte circulation toward a separator in the electrochemical cell. Flow batteries containing the electrochemical cells can include: a first half-cell containing a first electrode with a first face and a second face that are directionally opposite one another, a second half-cell containing a second electrode with a first face and a second face that are directionally opposite one another, and a separator disposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell. The first face of both the first and second electrodes is disposed adjacent to the separator. The first face of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is more hydrophilic than is the second face.

公开(公告)号：US11271233B2

公开(公告)日：2022-03-08

申请号：US16295546

申请日：2019-03-07

Applicant: Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Inventor： Steven Y. Reece ,  Paravastu Badrinarayanan ,  Nitin Tyagi ,  Timothy B. Grejtak

IPC: H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/20 ,  H01M8/1023 ,  H01M8/1039 ,  H01M8/1051 ,  H01M8/1053 ,  H01M8/18 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/04223

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a redox flow battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell in fluid communication with a balancing cell, said balancing cell comprising: a first and second half-cell chamber, wherein the first half-cell chamber comprises a first electrode in contact with a first aqueous electrolyte of the redox flow battery; and wherein the second half-cell chamber comprises a second electrode comprising a catalyst for the generation of O2; and wherein the second half-cell chamber does not contain an aqueous electrolyte.

公开(公告)号：US20200381751A1

公开(公告)日：2020-12-03

申请号：US16997403

申请日：2020-08-19

Applicant: Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Inventor： Evan R. King ,  Kean Duffey ,  Adam Morris-Cohen ,  John Goeltz ,  Steven Y. Reece

IPC: H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/18 ,  H01M8/20 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/04082 ,  H01M8/0444 ,  H01M8/04791 ,  H01M8/22

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for determining the ratio of oxidized and reduced forms of a redox couple in solution, each method comprising: contacting first and second stationary working electrodes and first and second counter electrode to the solution; applying a first potential at the first stationary working electrode and a second potential at the second stationary working electrode relative to the respective counter electrodes and measuring first and second constant currents for the first and second stationary working electrodes, respectively; wherein the first and second constant currents have opposite signs and the ratio of the absolute values of the first and second constant currents reflects the ratio of the oxidized and reduced forms of the redox couple in solution. When used in the context of monitoring/controlling electrochemical cells, additional embodiments include those further comprising oxidizing or reducing the solution.

公开(公告)号：US10833340B2

公开(公告)日：2020-11-10

申请号：US15033607

申请日：2014-10-31

Applicant: Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Inventor： Evan R. King ,  Kean Duffey ,  Adam Morris-Cohen ,  John Goeltz ,  Steven Y. Reece

IPC: H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/18 ,  H01M8/20 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/04082 ,  H01M8/0444 ,  H01M8/04791 ,  H01M8/22

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for determining the ratio of oxidized and reduced forms of a redox couple in solution, each method comprising: (a) contacting a first stationary working electrode and a first counter electrode to the solution; (b) applying a first potential at the first working electrode and measuring a first constant current; (c) applying a second potential at the first working electrode and measuring a second constant current; wherein the sign of the first and second currents are not the same; and wherein the ratio of the absolute values of the first and second currents reflects the ratio of the oxidized and reduced forms of the redox couple in solution. When used in the context of monitoring/controlling electrochemical cells, additional embodiments include those further comprising (d) oxidizing or reducing the solution, so as to alter the balance of the oxidized and reduced forms of the redox couple in solution, to a degree dependent on the ratio of the absolute values of the first and second currents. These embodiments may be used in the context of maintaining an electrochemical cell, stack, or system.

公开(公告)号：US20200313212A1

公开(公告)日：2020-10-01

申请号：US16755340

申请日：2018-10-08

Applicant: LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY, LLC

Inventor： Jeremy LORETZ ,  Srivatsava PURANAM

IPC: H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/18 ,  H01M8/0234 ,  H01M8/08

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel membrane electrode assemblies, and devices and systems incorporating them. Representative membrane electrode assemblies comprise (a) a first, porous electrode; (b) a buffer layer optionally comprising an aqueous solution comprising a pH buffer; (c) a membrane; and (d) a second, porous electrode comprising a catalyst for the generation of oxygen (02); wherein the membrane is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the buffer layer is interposed between the membrane and the first electrode.

公开(公告)号：US20200014054A1

公开(公告)日：2020-01-09

申请号：US16469766

申请日：2017-12-15

Applicant: LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY, LLC

Inventor： Zachariah M. NORMAN ,  Matthew MILLARD ,  Emily Grace NELSON ,  Scott Thomas HUMBARGER

IPC: H01M8/18 ,  H01M4/36 ,  H01M4/60 ,  C07D279/12 ,  C07D221/00 ,  C07D209/04 ,  C07D209/46 ,  C07F1/00 ,  C07F3/00

Abstract: Flow batteries can include a first half-cell containing a first aqueous electrolyte solution, a second half-cell containing a second aqueous electrolyte solution, and a separator disposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell. The first aqueous electrolyte solution contains a first redox-active material, and the second aqueous electrolyte solution contains a second redox-active material. At least one of the first redox-active material and the second redox-active material is a nitroxide compound or a salt thereof. Particular nitroxide compounds can include a doubly bonded oxygen contained in a ring bearing the nitroxide group, a doubly bonded oxygen appended to a ring bearing the nitroxide group, sulfate or phosphate groups appended to a ring bearing the nitroxide group, various heterocyclic rings bearing the nitroxide group, or acyclic nitroxide compounds.