Abstract:
An organic EL element with high luminous efficiency is manufactured by fabricating a compound substrate by forming a microscopic unevenness on a transparent substrate of glass or the like using a sol-gel material and a nanoimprinting method, applying a high refractive index material on the microscopic unevenness, and planarizing the surface, and layering a first electrode, an organic solid layer including an organic light-emitting material and a first electrode in that order on the compound substrate.
Abstract:
An exhaust pipe layout structure for vehicles comprises a first exhaust pipe extending from an exhaust manifold coupled to a rear side of a cylinder head of an engine toward the rear of a vehicle body, a second exhaust pipe and a catalyzer which are connected to each other with two flexible joints. A first inclined portion inclines toward the rear in a downward direction and a second inclined portion inclines toward the rear in an upward direction are provided in front of and behind a lowest point of the first and second exhaust pipes, respectively, and a drive shaft for a front wheel and a steering gear box for the front wheels are disposed in front of and behind the first inclined portion, respectively.
Abstract:
An exhaust manifold 14 extending downwardly is connected to a rear side of a transversely disposed engine E. A primary exhaust pipe portion 16 is connected to the exhaust manifold 14 via a spherical joint 18 provided close to the engine E. Furthermore, a secondary exhaust pipe portion 17 is connected to the primary exhaust pipe portion 16. In the primary exhaust pipe portion 17, a flexible tube 19 is disposed at a position upstream of a support portion to the vehicle body.