摘要:
Methods of modifying a nucleophilic surface of a support are described. The methods involve reacting a multifunctional electrophilic reagent with nucleophilic groups on the surface of the support. The resulting electrophilic surface can be used for the covalent attachment of particles (e.g. beads) having nucleophilic functional groups. For example, nucleic acid templates with nucleophilic (e.g., amine) groups can be attached to a surface of the particles. The nucleophilic groups on the nucleic acid templates can then be used to attach the particles to the modified surface of the support. The resulting support-bound particles can be used to analyze (e.g., sequence) the nucleic acid templates on the particles.
摘要:
Peptides derived from S. pneumoniae are identified as virulence determinants and may be useful in the preparation of vaccines for the treatment of infection. The peptides may be used as antigens or in the preparation of attenuated microorganisms for use as live oral vaccines.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for identifying a document (55). The method comprises exposing the document (55), such as a banknote, to infrared radiation; detecting infrared radiation reflected from a plurality of regions of the document (55) to generate at least one test pattern; determining if the or each test pattern satisfies a predetermined relationship with a predetermined pattern or patterns corresponding to a known document; and, if the predetermined relationship is satisfied, identifying the document (55) as being the same as the known document.