公开(公告)号：US4285393A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-25

申请号：US87255

申请日：1979-10-22

Applicant: Wolfgang Maus ,  Wolfgang Niemeyer ,  Helmut Swars

Inventor： Wolfgang Maus ,  Wolfgang Niemeyer ,  Helmut Swars

IPC: F28D7/06 ,  F28D7/16 ,  F28F9/00 ,  F28F9/02

CPC classification number: F28F9/02 ,  F28D7/06 ,  F28D2021/0054

Abstract: A U-tube heat exchanger for the heat transfer from a primary gas circuit to a secondary gas circuit in a high temperature reactor. At the high temperatures of approximately 950.degree. C., the additionally permissible stresses on the used materials are low. The cold gas collector is therefore flexibly attached at the housing. The arrangement permits complete and also remote-controlled testing from the secondary gas-side of all parts of the primary gas circuit which are stressed by pressure. The flexible elements are neither stressed by the weight of the heat exchanger nor endangered by high temperatures.

Abstract translation: 一种U型管热交换器，用于在高温反应器中从初级气体回路传递到二次气体回路。 在约950℃的高温下，所使用的材料的附加应力很小。 因此，冷气体收集器柔性地附接在壳体上。 该装置允许从主要气体回路的所有部分的二次气体侧进行完全的和远程控制的测试，这些压力受到压力的影响。 柔性元件既不受热交换器的重量的影响，也不受高温的危害。

公开(公告)号：US4397818A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-09

申请号：US298766

申请日：1981-09-02

Applicant: Klaus Hesse

Inventor： Klaus Hesse

IPC: B01J19/24 ,  B01J8/06 ,  B01J35/02

CPC classification number: B01J8/062 ,  B01J35/026

Abstract: Cracking tubes are closed at one end and externally heated contain catalyst bodies for the catalytic cracking of process gases and also contain a central inner tube for introduction or return of the gases. Molded catalyst bodies of two different shapes are arranged in the space between the two tubes such that the two shaped bodies alternate. The molded bodies of one shape are centered at the inner tube and leave an annular space between themselves and the outer tube. The molded bodies of the other shape are constructed so as to start at the outer tube and leave an annular space between themselves and the inner tube. Thus, the process gases passing between the two tubes in contact with the catalyst bodies flows in meander fashion from the outer to the inner tube and then to the outer tube. One or both of the two molded bodies have several radial ribs for axial spacing. Each section of ribs has openings in the radial direction for flow of gases between the outer surface of the inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube.

Abstract translation: 裂化管在一端封闭，外部加热含有用于催化裂化工艺气体的催化剂体，还含有用于引入或返回气体的中心内管。 两个不同形状的成型催化剂体被布置在两个管之间的空间中，使得两个成形体交替。 一个形状的成型体在内管中心并在它们和外管之间留下一个环形空间。 另一种形状的成型体被构造成从外管开始并在它们和内管之间留下一个环形空间。 因此，在与催化剂体接触的两个管之间通过的工艺气体以蜿蜒的方式从外管流到内管，然后以外管流动。 两个成型体中的一个或两个具有用于轴向间隔的几个径向肋。 肋的每个部分具有在径向上的开口，用于在内管的外表面和外管的内表面之间流动气体。

公开(公告)号：US4337067A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-29

申请号：US195195

申请日：1980-04-29

Applicant: Walter Jager ,  Herbert von Waclawiczek

Inventor： Walter Jager ,  Herbert von Waclawiczek

IPC: C01B3/22 ,  C07C1/00 ,  C07C9/04 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/72 ,  C10K3/04 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/18

CPC classification number: C10J3/20 ,  C07C1/00 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10K3/00 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/0909

Abstract: Method for generating methane or synthesis gas from carbon-containing materials, e.g. coal, by reacting part of the carbon with hydrogen in a hydrogenating gasifier to produce a methane containing gas, and reacting the residual carbon with steam in a steam gasifier to produce a raw gas containing synthesis gas. Features are:(a) The steam gasifier is heated with the raw gas leaving the hydrogenating gasifier.(b) The hydrogen gas entering the hydrogenating gasifier is heated with the raw gas leaving the steam gasifier.(c) The output stage of the steam gasifier is heated electrically.(d) The entire nuclear heat is given off to a steam loop.In addition a methane cracking furnace may be provided with the following features:(a) The methane cracking furnace is heated electrically in the upper temperature range.(b) The raw gas leaving the methane cracking furnace serves for heating the entering methane.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / DE79 / 00092 Sec。 一九八零年四月二十九日 102（e）日期1980年4月29日PCT申请日1979年8月21日PCT公布。 公开号WO80 / 00441 1980年3月20日。从含碳材料生成甲烷或合成气的方法，例如 煤，通过使一部分碳与氢气在氢化气化器中反应以产生含甲烷的气体，并在蒸汽气化器中使残余碳与蒸汽反应以产生含有合成气的原料气体。 特点是：（a）蒸汽气化器与原料气体一起加热，离开氢化气化器。 （b）进入氢化气化器的氢气与离开蒸汽气化器的原料气体一起被加热。 （c）蒸汽气化器的输出级被电加热。 （d）将整个核热量排放到蒸汽回路。 此外，可以提供甲烷裂解炉具有以下特征：（a）甲烷裂解炉在较高温度范围内被电加热。

公开(公告)号：US4795607A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-03

申请号：US43844

申请日：1987-04-29

Applicant: Herbert Reutler ,  Gunter Lohnert ,  Johannes Lukaszewicz

Inventor： Herbert Reutler ,  Gunter Lohnert ,  Johannes Lukaszewicz

IPC: G21C1/12 ,  G21C1/07 ,  G21C15/10 ,  G21C9/00 ,  G21C15/18

CPC classification number: G21C1/07 ,  G21C15/10 ,  Y02E30/33 ,  Y02E30/36 ,  Y10S376/908 ,  Y10S376/911

Abstract: Gas-cooled high-temperature nuclear reactor having a reactor core comprising individual fuel elements provided with means for forming a barrier against the release of fission products producible therein during reactor operation, the fuel elements being received in a cylindrical barrel formed of an inner graphite layer functioning as a reflector, an outer layer of insulating material surrounding the inner layer, and a metallic receptacle, the inner and outer layers and the receptacle being formed of respective side, bottom and cover portions, the side and cover portions of the inner layer being formed with first channels into which means for controlling the reactors are insertable, the bottom, side and cover portions of the inner layer being further formed with second channels wherein, during reactor operation, cooling gas is circulated under pressure from the bottom to the top of the receptacle, the bottom portion of the inner layer having first openings for introducing cooling gas into the second channels during reactor operation and second openings for withdrawing during reactor operation cooling gas heated by passage through the reactor core; the inner and outer layers and the cylindrical core barrel having a heat conductivity and a thermal capacity and the reactor core having such a size, shape, power density and moderation ratio that a first temperature at which the core becomes subcritical for all possible accident conditions is below a second temperature at which the barrier means are destroyed, and, when loss of pressure of the cooling gas is experienced, after-heat generated in the core being removable by heat conduction and radiation through the inner and outer layers and the core barrel to a heat sink located outside the receptacle, in such a way that the fuel elements remain at a temperature below the second temperature.

Abstract translation: 气体冷却的高温核反应堆具有反应堆堆芯，该反应堆堆芯包括单独的燃料元件，该燃料元件设置有用于在反应堆操作期间形成阻挡其中可生产的裂变产物的阻挡的装置，燃料元件被容纳在由内部石墨层 用作反射器，围绕内层的绝缘材料的外层和金属容器，内层和外层以及容器由相应的侧面，底部和盖部分形成，内层的侧面和封面部分是 形成有第一通道，用于控制反应器的装置可插入其中，内层的底部，侧部和盖部分进一步形成有第二通道，其中在反应器操作期间，冷却气体在压力下从底部到顶部循环 所述容器，所述内层的底部具有用于引入冷却气体int的第一开口 o在反应堆操作期间的第二通道和用于在反应器操作期间抽出的第二开口通过反应堆堆芯加热的冷却气体; 所述内层和外层和所述圆柱形芯筒具有导热性和热容量，并且所述反应堆芯具有这样的尺寸，形状，功率密度和调节比，使得在所有可能的事故条件下所述芯变为亚临界的第一温度为 低于阻挡装置被破坏的第二温度，并且当经历冷却气体的压力损失时，在芯体中产生的后热可以通过内外层和核心筒的热传导和辐射而被除去， 位于容器外部的散热器，使得燃料元件保持在低于第二温度的温度。

公开(公告)号：US4545954A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-08

申请号：US346879

申请日：1982-02-08

Applicant: Manfred Ullrich ,  Herbert Reutler ,  Hubert Schepers

Inventor： Manfred Ullrich ,  Herbert Reutler ,  Hubert Schepers

IPC: G21C9/033 ,  G21C1/07 ,  G21C7/22 ,  G21C9/00 ,  G21C9/027 ,  G21C3/26

CPC classification number: G21C9/027 ,  G21C1/07 ,  G21C7/22 ,  Y02E30/36 ,  Y02E30/39

Abstract: Device for shutting down a high-temperature nuclear reactor having a reactor core, including a reflector disposed outside the reactor core, channels being disposed in the reflector and having lower ends, storage bins being disposed above the reactor core and being in communication with the channels above the lower ends thereof, a neutron-absorbing material formed of fluidic bodies being storable in the storage bins and feedable into the channels, a plurality of lines connected between the lower ends of the channels and the storage bins, means for selectively establishing an upwardly directed fluid flow of the material in one of the plurality of lines for conveying the neutron-absorbing material at a given adequate speed from one of the channels into one of the storage bins.

Abstract translation: 用于关闭具有反应堆堆芯的高温核反应堆的装置，包括设置在反应堆堆芯外部的反射器，设置在反射器中的通道，并具有下端，储存箱设置在反应堆堆芯之上并且与通道连通 在其下端的上方，由流体体形成的中子吸收材料可存储在存储箱中并可供给通道，多个线路连接在通道的下端和存储箱之间，用于选择性地建立向上 在多条管线中的一条管线中引导流体流动，用于以特定的适当速度将中子吸收材料从一个通道输送到存储箱之一中。

公开(公告)号：US4411860A

公开(公告)日：1983-10-25

申请号：US242919

申请日：1981-03-12

Applicant: Herbert Reutler ,  Ulrich Muller-Frank ,  Manfred Ullrich ,  Hubert Schepers

Inventor： Herbert Reutler ,  Ulrich Muller-Frank ,  Manfred Ullrich ,  Hubert Schepers

IPC: G21C7/22 ,  G21C9/02 ,  G21C7/14

CPC classification number: G21C9/02 ,  Y02E30/36

Abstract: Pebble-bed nuclear reactor capable of being shut down by a fluidized mass of bodies containing neutron-absorbing material, the fluidized mass of bodies being received in a storage container disposed above the pebble bed during normal operation of the reactor, the storage container being formed with a closable discharge opening, including a piston rigidly connected to the storage container and disposed below the discharge opening thereof, the piston being guided in a cylinder stationary relative to the reactor and being open at the top thereof, the storage container being displaceable in vertical direction between upper and lower end positions thereof, the piston, in the upper end position of the storage container, closing off the cylinder at the upper edge located at the open top of the cylinder and, in the lower end position of the storage container, the fluidized mass of bodies discharged from the discharge opening of the storage container being formed on top of the piston into a discharge cone having a height greater than the distance between the piston and the discharge opening and method for its operation.

Abstract translation: 能够被含有中子吸收材料的流化物质封闭的卵石床核反应堆，在反应器的正常操作期间，流化物质被容纳在设置在卵床上方的储存容器中，储存容器形成 具有可关闭的排放口，包括刚性地连接到储存容器并且设置在其排放开口下方的活塞，活塞被引导在相对于反应器固定的圆柱体中，并且在其顶部开口，储存容器可垂直移动 方向在其上端位置和下端位置之间，活塞在储存容器的上端位置，在位于气缸开口顶部的上边缘封闭气缸，并且在储存容器的下端位置， 从储存容器的排出口排出的物体的流化物质形成在活塞的顶部 充气锥体的高度大于活塞和排出口之间的距离及其操作方法。

公开(公告)号：US4257845A

公开(公告)日：1981-03-24

申请号：US882755

申请日：1978-03-02

Applicant: Johannes Lukaszewicz ,  Ulrich Muller-Frank ,  Herbert Reutler

Inventor： Johannes Lukaszewicz ,  Ulrich Muller-Frank ,  Herbert Reutler

IPC: B01F3/02 ,  B01F5/06 ,  G21C1/07 ,  G21C1/12 ,  G21C5/10 ,  G21C15/02 ,  G21C19/28

CPC classification number: G21C1/07 ,  B01F5/0644 ,  Y02E30/36

Abstract: Mixing and distributing device for gases having high temperature includes a multiplicity of polygonal blocks stacked in a plurality of layers above and laterally adjacent one another, the blocks being formed with channels having respective axes disposed at an angle to one another and to a main gas in-flow direction, the channels of the respective blocks being connected with adjacent channels of the same or an adjacent block, the multiplicity of polygonal blocks defining a space wherein high temperature is producible.

Abstract translation: 具有高温气体的混合和分配装置包括多个层叠在多个层中并在彼此相互横向相邻的多个多边形块，所述块形成有具有彼此成角度设置的各个轴的通道和主要气体 流动方向，相应块的通道与相同或相邻块的相邻通道连接，多个多边形块限定了高温可生产的空间。