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1.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20230116043A1
公开(公告)日：2023-04-13
申请号：US18080818
申请日：2022-12-14
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
摘要： In various embodiments, rapid, sensitive detection of molecular hydrogen is achieved by chemically converting hydrogen to water vapor and then detecting the water vapor as a surrogate for the hydrogen. Detection may be enhanced by dampening variation in ambient water vapor and rapidly actively modulating a hydrogen-derived water vapor component. For example, the detector may receive sample gas that includes ambient water vapor and hydrogen, dry the sample gas to dampen variation in the ambient water vapor, divide the sample gas into a chemical conversion flow and a bypass flow, chemically convert hydrogen in the chemical conversion flow to water vapor, alternate between measuring water vapor in the converted chemical conversion flow or the bypass flow to produce a water vapor signal, separate the water vapor signal in the time domain to extract a hydrogen-derived water vapor signal, and output a hydrogen signal based on the hydrogen-derived water vapor signal.
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公开(公告)号：US20220260537A1
公开(公告)日：2022-08-18
申请号：US17178696
申请日：2021-02-18
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
摘要： In various embodiments, rapid, sensitive detection of molecular hydrogen is achieved by receiving sample gas that includes ambient water vapor and hydrogen, passing the sample gas through a gas dryer, chemically converting hydrogen in the sample gas to water vapor to produce converted sample gas, measuring water vapor in the converted sample gas to produce a water vapor signal, separating the water vapor signal in the time domain into an ambient water vapor signal and a hydrogen-derived water vapor signal, wherein the gas dryer dampens variation in the ambient water vapor signal, and outputting a hydrogen signal that describes molecular hydrogen in the sample gas that is based on the hydrogen-derived water vapor signal.
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公开(公告)号：US4429954A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-07
申请号：US203568
申请日：1980-11-05
CPC分类号： G03H1/06 , G02F1/0338 , G02F1/0541 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Coherent light such as a laser beam is spatially modulated by causing it to interact at a photosensitive material such as a crystal with a focussed image of non-coherent light. An electric potential is applied to the crystal either transversely to the direction of the light or in line with the direction of the light according to either the Kerr effect or the Pockels effect. Typical crystals include Bismuth-silicon-oxide and strontium-barium-niobate.
摘要翻译： 相干光如激光束通过使其在诸如晶体的感光材料与非相干光的聚焦图像相互作用而被空间调制。 根据Kerr效应或Pockels效应，将电位横向于光的方向或与光的方向一致地施加到晶体上。 典型的晶体包括铋 - 氧化硅和铌酸钡 - 铌酸盐。
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公开(公告)号：US4334777A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-15
申请号：US829928
申请日：1977-09-01
申请人： Fritz Bien , Morton Camac
发明人： Fritz Bien , Morton Camac
CPC分类号： G01B9/02019 , G01B9/02003 , G01H1/006 , G01H9/00 , G01P13/04 , G01B2290/15 , G01B2290/70
摘要： Methods and apparatus are disclosed for studying motion of an object or element, to determine not only quantities of motion but also direction of motion. A laser beam or the like is circularly polarized and directed to two or more retroreflectors and then to a detector. Beams of different frequencies are established and determination of relative direction of motion of the retroreflectors is made from the increase or decrease of frequency of beats of one beam against the other. In one embodiment, left and right circularly polarized light is reflected, and one of the beams is frequency-shifted. The light, being circularly polarized, is insensitive to rotational orientation of the test object, while maintaining directional and motion information.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于研究物体或元件的运动的方法和装置，以不仅确定运动量而且确定运动方向。 激光束等被圆偏振并且被引导到两个或更多个后向反射器，然后被引导到检测器。 确定不同频率的光束，并根据一束光束对另一光束的拍频频率的增减来确定回射器的相对运动方向。 在一个实施例中，左和右圆偏振光被反射，并且一个光束被频移。 圆形极化的光对测试对象的旋转取向不敏感，同时保持定向和运动信息。
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5.发明公开公开(公告)号：US20240094178A1
公开(公告)日：2024-03-21
申请号：US18526541
申请日：2023-12-01
发明人： David D. Nelson, JR. , Scott C. Herndon , Joanne H. Shorter , Joseph R. Roscioli , Elizabeth M. Lunny , Richard A. Wehr
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/005 , G01N33/0013 , G01N33/0016
摘要： In various embodiments, both very high speed and very high sensitivity hydrogen detection is achieved by controlling water vapor concentration over the catalyst used to convert hydrogen in sample gas (e.g., ambient air) to water vapor, to provide a substantially stable water vapor mixing level at a target mixing ratio. The naturally-occurring water vapor in the sample gas, without further steps, typically would vary over time within a wide range (e.g., due to changing atmospheric conditions). By controlling a level of water vapor over the catalyst to be substantially equal to a target mixing ratio that is not too low as to impair response time, and not too high as to impair sensitivity, both very high speed and very high sensitivity can be provided.
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公开(公告)号：US09696283B1
公开(公告)日：2017-07-04
申请号：US15290706
申请日：2016-10-11
发明人： Zhenhong Yu , Paul L. Kebabian , William Brown , James Assif
CPC分类号： G01N29/2418 , G01N21/1702 , G01N29/02 , G01N29/2425 , G01N29/4436 , G01N2021/1704 , G01N2291/021 , G01N2291/02408 , G01N2291/02425
摘要： In one embodiment, a photoacoustic effect measurement instrument for measuring a species (e.g., a species of PM) in a gas employs a pair of differential acoustic cells including a sample cell that receives sample gas including the species, and a reference cell that receives a filtered version of the sample gas from which the species has been substantially removed. An excitation light source provides an amplitude modulated beam to each of the acoustic cells. An array of multiple microphones is mounted to each of the differential acoustic cells, and measures an acoustic wave generated in the respective acoustic cell by absorption of light by sample gas therein to produce a respective signal. The microphones are isolated from sample gas internal to the acoustic cell by a film. A preamplifier determines a differential signal and a controller calculates concentration of the species based on the differential signal.
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公开(公告)号：US09261457B1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-16
申请号：US14538510
申请日：2014-11-11
发明人： David D. Nelson, Jr.
CPC分类号： G01N33/0062 , G01N21/3504 , G01N2021/1723 , G06Q40/02
摘要： In one embodiment, an apparent equilibrium constant involving a clumped isotope in a gaseous sample is measured by acquiring sample spectra of portions of the gaseous sample at different pressures. An external bulb coupled to a sample cell is filled with the gaseous sample. A first portion of the gaseous sample is transferred from the external bulb to the sample cell, where it is at a first pressure. A first sample spectrum is obtained. Then, a second portion of the gaseous sample is transferred from the external bulb to the sample cell, where it is at a second, different pressure. A second sample spectrum is obtained. An apparent equilibrium constant for the clumped isotope is calculated by determining a first isotopic ratio at the first pressure, determining a second isotopic ratio at the second pressure, and taking a product of the first isotopic ratio and the second isotopic ratio.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，通过在不同压力下获取部分气态样品的样品光谱来测量涉及气态样品中的结块同位素的表观平衡常数。 耦合到样品池的外部灯泡充满气态样品。 气态样品的第一部分从外部灯泡转移到样品池，在那里处于第一压力。 获得第一个样品光谱。 然后，气态样品的第二部分从外部灯泡转移到样品池，在那里它处于第二个不同的压力。 获得第二个样品光谱。 通过确定第一压力下的第一同位素比率，确定第二压力下的第二同位素比率，并获取第一同位素比值和第二同位素比值的乘积来计算结块同位素的表观平衡常数。
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公开(公告)号：US09250175B1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-02
申请号：US14572702
申请日：2014-12-16
发明人： J. Barry McManus
CPC分类号： G01N21/031 , G01J3/021
摘要： In one embodiment, an improved multi-pass cell for a long path-length spectrometer is designed to include a perturbing mirror that causes a base pattern of reflections to be repeated multiple times, where each subsequent base pattern of reflections is rotated about the axis at an angle from a prior base pattern, to circulate the base patters about the cell. The base pattern may be a Herriott cell pattern. The improved multi-pass cell may be constructed with a concave front mirror centered along an axis of the cell, and a concave back mirror centered along the axis and facing the front mirror. The perturbing mirror may be centered along the axis, facing the front mirror and located at a perturbing mirror spacing in front of the back mirror or behind the back mirror, depending on the implementation.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，用于长路径长度光谱仪的改进的多通道单元被设计为包括使反射的基本图案重复多次的扰动反射镜，其中每个随后的基本反射图案围绕轴线旋转 与先前的基本图案形成一个角度，以围绕单元格循环底部图案。 基本图案可以是Herriott细胞图案。 改进的多通道单元可以被构造成具有沿着单元的轴线居中的凹面前反射镜，以及沿着轴线并面向前反射镜的凹面后视镜。 扰动反射镜可以沿轴线对中，面向前反射镜并且位于后视镜前面的扰动反射镜间隔或后反射镜后面，这取决于实施方式。
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公开(公告)号：US07629699B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-08
申请号：US11619969
申请日：2007-01-04
申请人： Kurt D. Annen , Jamie Woodroffe , Roger Putnam
发明人： Kurt D. Annen , Jamie Woodroffe , Roger Putnam
CPC分类号： H02K7/1884 , H02P9/04 , H02P2101/45
摘要： This invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a power generating system particularly suitable for field use in remote locations, which is fuel-efficient, relatively quiet, tolerant of dust, capable of operating on low-grade logistics and diesel-like fuels and capable of generating between 500 W and 2 KW of continuous electrical power. This generating system employs a two-cycle MICE generator having a piston that operates within a cylinder, and an interconnected, axially moving piston shaft that oscillates an alternator coil within a magnetic core. The piston shaft is attached to, and resisted by, the free end of a strong spring with a second, opposing end fixed to the MICE casing. To control operation of the MICE generator a clipper circuit is employed with a set threshold to resolve peaks and an adjustable harshness for applying load to the coil based upon an amps/volt harshness setting. The engine can also be controlled dynamically throughout the cycle using the added feedback from the proportional and integral elements of a PID controller in conjunction with an energy dissipating and/or storing circuit to load the coil. The dynamic control can be based on a switching power supply implementation. Various engine operating parameters can be derived from coil voltage, current and resistance, and used to control and/or monitor the engine's performance.
摘要翻译： 本发明克服现有技术的缺点，通过提供特别适用于偏远地区的现场使用的发电系统，其是节省燃料的，相对安静，耐受灰尘的能力，能够在低档物流和柴油样燃料 并能够产生500W和2KW的连续电力。 该发电系统采用具有在气缸内工作的活塞的双循环MICE发生器以及在磁芯内摆动交流发电机线圈的相互连接的轴向运动的活塞轴。 活塞轴被固定到MICE外壳上的第二相对端附接到强弹簧的自由端并抵靠其上。 为了控制MICE发生器的操作，采用具有设定阈值的限幅电路来解决峰值，并且基于放大/伏特度设置，可以调节粗糙度以对线圈施加负载。 发动机还可以在整个循环中使用来自PID控制器的比例和积分元件的添加反馈以及用于加载线圈的能量消散和/或存储电路来动态地控制发动机。 动态控制可以基于开关电源实现。 各种发动机工作参数可以从线圈电压，电流和电阻得到，并用于控制和/或监控发动机性能。
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10.发明授权Extractive sampling system and method for measuring one or more molecular species 有权采样系统和测量一种或多种分子种类的方法公开(公告)号：US07275414B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-02
申请号：US11269588
申请日：2005-11-09
申请人： David Dodge Nelson, Jr. , Scott Christopher Herndon , John Barry McManus , Mark Stuart Zahniser , Charles Eugene Kolb
发明人： David Dodge Nelson, Jr. , Scott Christopher Herndon , John Barry McManus , Mark Stuart Zahniser , Charles Eugene Kolb
IPC分类号： G01N7/00
CPC分类号： G01N15/065 , G01N1/2252 , G01N2015/0693
摘要： A non-contact, extractive sampling system and method is provided for measuring the exhaust gas composition and fine particle composition of exhaust emissions of various types of vehicles under actual operating conditions. A portion (or sample) of an exhaust plume of a vehicle is pulled or extracted through an extraction sampling tube, via a vacuum pump, to a remote trace gas detection system where the concentration of one or more constituents present in the sample of exhaust plume may be measured. In this regard, the invention enables vehicle emissions measurements to be made at a location remote from roadway, rather than using known, “cross-path” remote emissions sensing systems.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种非接触式采样系统和方法，用于测量实际运行条件下各种类型车辆的废气组成和废气排放物的微粒组成。 车辆的排气羽流的一部分（或样品）通过抽取采样管经由真空泵被拉出或提取到远程痕量气体检测系统，其中存在于排气烟样中的一种或多种组分的浓度 可以测量。 在这方面，本发明使得能够在远离道路的位置进行车辆排放测量，而不是使用已知的“交叉路径”远程排放感测系统。
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