Abstract:
There is described a method and apparatus for applying steam from a steam source to a moving web to thereby improve the smoothness and gloss of the web. A housing has at least one cooling chamber upstream and at least one steam chamber downstream. The cooling air in the cooling chamber is used to cool the web before steam is applied to the web from the steam chamber. This allows a sufficient volume of steam to be delivered to the web to thereby raise its moisture content to a desired level to thus achieve optimized calendering of the web.
Abstract:
A measuring apparatus is provided having an illumination unit including a source of electromagnetic radiation, fiber optic apparatus and sensing apparatus. The fiber optic apparatus includes first fiber optic structure having an input end for receiving at least a portion of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the radiation source and an output end for directing the received radiation to a web of material, and second fiber optic structure having an input end for receiving radiation reflected from the web of material and an output end for directing the reflected radiation to the sensing apparatus. The sensing apparatus includes a first detector for sensing electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength band and generating a corresponding first output signal and a second detector for sensing electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength band and generating a corresponding second output signal indicative of a first property to be measured of the web of material.
Abstract:
A signal processing technique that allows the flame signal from a first source of flame and the flame signal from a second source of flame to be discriminated from each other when only both the first and second flame signals are viewed by the same flame scanner. The signal from the flame scanner is processed to enhance one or more of the attributes associated with the first flame and is simultaneously processed to enhance one or more attributes associated with the second flame.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for detecting mechanical problems in machinery used in a process. A model of the process is developed using a modeling technique such as advanced pattern recognition and the model is used to generate predicted values for a predetermined number of the operating parameters of the process and vibration parameters of the machinery. Statistical process control methods are used to determine if the difference between the predicted and actual measured values for one or more of the parameters exceeds a configured statistical limit. A rule set is used to indicate an actual or probable fault in the machinery.
Abstract:
A method of operating a powder paint applicator provides a pump in fluid communication with an outlet of a powder paint color changer having a plurality of inlets in respective fluid communication with a plurality of powder paint sources. A flow of conveying fluid through the pump provides a suction force through the color changer for drawing a particular powder paint from one of the plurality of sources through the color changer and into the pump for further conveyance to a powder paint applicator by the conveying fluid.
Abstract:
A cured filler-less epoxy compound formed as a rigid, three-dimensional, transparent structure, including a cylindrical sight bowl of a utility or industrial high voltage bushing. A process for making a three-dimensional (e.g., cylindrical), transparent structure with improved strength, including the steps of obtaining a cured filler-less epoxy compound and then pre-stressing the filler-less epoxy compound.
Abstract:
A method for generating application-specific input files for applications that require input files in varying file formats, where data for specifying industrial equipment are stored in a database of a computer system as XML-formatted files, which are based on a class model, and a modular transformation into at least one application-specific input file takes place. One or more of the XML files are loaded into a memory, decoded, interpreted and verified—particularly with regard to semantics and consistency. In the absence of an error specifications of objects of the industrial equipment are generated in XML format based on the verified XML files by using an interface containing descriptions of the functionality of the respective applications. The at least one application-specific file is generated via canonical transformation from the generated object specifications in XML presentation.
Abstract:
A new way of applying the compartmental approach to the simulation of multi-stage separation processes in the process industry leads to more robust simulation models and higher success rate. The new approach makes use of steady-state component balances, constant vapor-liquid equilibrium ratios, and initialization models. Guidelines are provided for creating a computer executable regular model of the multi-stage separation process. Guidelines are also provided for creating a computer executable model that solves the problem of initialization failure of the regular model for the process.
Abstract:
A powder spraying gun generates a desired pattern of electrostatically charged particles for coating a workpiece without rotating parts or particle deflectors. The powder pattern is generated with a funnel-shaped output in conjunction with air introduced into a powder charging chamber of the gun in a tangential swirling motion. The swirling air is additionally used to purge agglomerated powder particles from the charging electrodes in the charging chamber. The charging chamber surface is fashioned from material exhibiting low friction or high resistance to powder impact fusion.
Abstract:
A framework which allows a user to build a general purpose process flowsheet that represents a model of a process and by an interpreter generates from the flowsheet the model which can be used to execute applications selected from simulation, estimation and optimization. The framework includes various editors including a flowsheet editor and simulation, estimation and optimization activity editors. The framework also includes a task scheduler which commands simulation, estimation and optimization input generators to collect information from the flowsheet database and model library files and present them to the solution engine for solving the system of flowsheet models and equations. The single process model can be used in a number of on-line and off-line applications and the applications may be either dynamic or steady state. The process may be a batch process or a continuous process or any other kind of process.