公开(公告)号：US06271853B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-07

申请号：US09349240

申请日：1999-07-08

Applicant: Ford Oxaal

Inventor： Ford Oxaal

IPC: G06F1500

CPC classification number: G06T3/0062 ,  G03B37/02 ,  G06T3/0093 ,  G06T15/20 ,  H04N5/23238

Abstract: A method of modeling of the visible world using a spherical image data set includes steps for generating the spherical image data set, selecting a viewpoint within a p-surface, and texture mapping selected data from the spherical image data set onto the p-surface such that the resultant texture map is substantially equivalent to projecting the selected data onto the p-surface from the viewpoint to thereby generate a texture mapped p-surface. According to one aspect of the invention, the method also includes a step for either rotating the texture mapped p-surface or changing the direction of view to thereby expose a new portion of the texture mapped p-surface. According to another aspect of the invention, a first the texture mapped p-sphere is replaced by a second texture mapped p-sphere by interactively selecting the new viewpoint from viewpoints within the second texture mapped p-sphere.

Abstract translation: 使用球面图像数据集对可见世界进行建模的方法包括以下步骤：产生球形图像数据集，选择p面内的视点，以及将所选择的数据从从球形图像数据集合到p面上的纹理映射，如 所得到的纹理图基本上等同于从所述视点将所选择的数据投影到所述p面上，从而生成纹理映射的p面。 根据本发明的一个方面，该方法还包括用于旋转纹理映射的p面或改变视角的步骤，从而暴露纹理映射的p面的新部分。 根据本发明的另一方面，通过从第二纹理映射p球内的视点交互地选择新视点，第一纹理映射p球被第二纹理映射p球取代。

公开(公告)号：US06252603B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-26

申请号：US09348821

申请日：1999-07-08

Applicant: Ford Oxaal

Inventor： Ford Oxaal

IPC: G06T1520

CPC classification number: G06T3/0062 ,  G03B37/02 ,  G06T3/0093 ,  G06T15/20 ,  H04N5/23238

Abstract: A method for generating a seamless spherical image combines at least two images separately captured from a single focal point and different directions of view. A spherical image data set produced by using a programmed computer to digitally stitch together at least two digital images that represent the visible world as seen from a fixed focal point and at least two respective directions of view is also described.

Abstract translation: 用于产生无缝球形图像的方法组合从单个焦点和不同方向分开捕获的至少两个图像。 还描述了通过使用编程计算机将从固定焦点和至少两个相应方向看去的表示可见世界的至少两个数字图像数字地拼接在一起的球面图像数据集。

公开(公告)号：US5758199A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-26

申请号：US827880

申请日：1997-04-12

Applicant: James McNeel Keller

Inventor： James McNeel Keller

IPC: G03B7/099 ,  G03B37/02

CPC classification number: G03B37/02 ,  G03B7/099 ,  G03B7/09908

Abstract: A panoramic camera has a camera housing rotatable about an axis of rotation that defines a viewpoint which points along a radial optical path that object rays traverse as the camera is rotated about its axis; a lens assembly having an optical path and a front nodal point mounted for rotation with the camera housing with the optical path of the lens offset from the radial optical path; a specular assembly including an object specular member along the radial optical path mounted for rotation with the housing that cooperates with the lens assembly for gathering object rays that traverse the radial optical path and for deviating them along the optical path of the lens assembly in such a way that the front nodal point of the lens subassembly virtually appears to lie on the axis of rotation thereby eliminating image smearing; and has an ambient light responsive controller including an ambient light sensor mounted for rotation with the camera housing for automatically varying the speed of rotation in direct relation to the magnitude of the ambient light thereby eliminating both under- and over-exposure. Film guide roller slide mechanisms are disclosed for allowing the selection of different near- and far-field object distances and for allowing framing (both vertical and angular) of the panoramic subject. In one embodiment, the specular assembly has object and lens mirrors that pivot between open and closed positions. Different embodiments have film or digital image recording devices.

Abstract translation: 全景相机具有围绕旋转轴线旋转的照相机外壳，该照相机外壳限定沿着径向光路指向的对象光线在照相机围绕其轴旋转时穿过的视点; 透镜组件，其具有光学路径和前节点，其安装成与照相机外壳一起旋转，透镜的光路偏离径向光路; 包括沿着径向光路安装的用于与壳体一起旋转的物体镜面反射构件的镜面组件，其与透镜组件协作，用于聚集穿过径向光路的物体射线，并沿着该透镜组件的光路偏离它们 透镜子组件的前节点实际上看起来位于旋转轴线上的方式，从而消除图像污迹; 并且具有环境光响应控制器，其包括环境光传感器，该环境光传感器安装成与相机外壳一起旋转，用于自动地改变与环境光的大小直接相关的旋转速度，从而消除曝光过度和过度曝光。 公开了导引辊滑动机构，用于允许选择不同的近场和远场物体距离并允许全景被摄体的成像（垂直和有角）。 在一个实施例中，镜面组件具有在打开位置和闭合位置之间枢转的物镜和透镜镜。 不同的实施例具有电影或数字图像记录装置。

公开(公告)号：US5668593A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-16

申请号：US486989

申请日：1995-06-07

Applicant: Andre G. Lareau ,  Gilbert W. Willey ,  Russell A. Bennett ,  Stephen R. Beran

Inventor： Andre G. Lareau ,  Gilbert W. Willey ,  Russell A. Bennett ,  Stephen R. Beran

IPC: G01C11/02 ,  G02B27/64 ,  G03B5/08 ,  G03B15/00 ,  G03B39/00 ,  H04N5/225 ,  H04N5/232 ,  H04N7/18 ,  H04N13/00

CPC classification number: G03B37/02 ,  G01C11/025 ,  G02B27/642 ,  H04N13/0221 ,  H04N3/1525 ,  H04N3/1587 ,  H04N5/2254 ,  H04N5/23248 ,  H04N5/23287 ,  H04N7/188 ,  H04N13/0296 ,  H04N13/0431 ,  H04N13/0434 ,  H04N13/0438

Abstract: An electro-optical step-frame camera system in which successive overlapping frames of scene imagery are generated by an electro-optical imaging array, and in which electronic image motion compensation is performed by the array during the generation of at least some of the frames of imagery. The successive frames of imagery are made in a stepping pattern that is repeated in a series of cycles of steps, each step separated by a framing interval in which a frame of imagery is obtained. The stepping cycles of the camera generate sweeping coverage of the terrain of interest. As the velocity to height ratio of the reconnaissance aircraft changes, the stepping cycle and electronic image motion compensation are continually adjusted, so as to ensure maximum scene coverage and preservation of image resolution.

Abstract translation: 一种电光步进相机系统，其中通过电光成像阵列产生场景图像的连续重叠帧，并且其中在生成至少一些帧的时候由阵列执行电子图像运动补偿 图像 连续的图像帧以步骤模式进行，该步进模式以一系列步骤循环重复，每个步骤由获取图像帧的成帧间隔分开。 相机的步进循环产生了感兴趣的地形的覆盖范围。 随着侦察机速度与高度的变化，不断调整步进循环和电子图像运动补偿，以确保最大的场景覆盖和图像分辨率的保持。

公开(公告)号：US5659804A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-19

申请号：US320455

申请日：1994-10-11

Applicant: James McNeel Keller

Inventor： James McNeel Keller

IPC: G03B7/099 ,  G03B37/02

CPC classification number: G03B37/02 ,  G03B7/099 ,  G03B7/09908

Abstract: A panoramic camera has a camera housing rotatable about an axis of rotation that defines a viewpoint which points along a radial optical path that object rays traverse as the camera is rotated about its axis; a lens assembly having an optical path and a front nodal point mounted for rotation with the camera housing with the optical path of the lens offset from the radial optical path; a specular assembly including an object specular member along the radial optical path mounted for rotation with the housing that cooperates with the lens assembly for gathering object rays that traverse the radial optical path and for deviating them along the optical path of the lens assembly in such a way that the front nodal point of the lens subassembly virtually appears to lie on the axis of rotation thereby eliminating image smearing; and has an ambient light responsive controller including an ambient light sensor mounted for rotation with the camera housing for automatically varying the speed of rotation in direct relation to the magnitude of the ambient light thereby eliminating both under- and over-exposure. Means are disclosed for allowing the selection of different near- and far-field object distances and for allowing framing (both vertical and angular) of the panoramic subject. In one embodiment, the specular assembly has object and lens mirrors that pivot between open and closed positions. Different embodiments have film or digital image recording devices.

Abstract translation: 全景相机具有围绕旋转轴线旋转的照相机外壳，该照相机外壳限定沿着径向光路指向的对象光线在照相机围绕其轴旋转时穿过的视点; 透镜组件，其具有光学路径和前节点，其安装成与照相机外壳一起旋转，透镜的光路偏离径向光路; 包括沿着径向光路安装的用于与壳体一起旋转的物体镜面反射构件的镜面组件，其与透镜组件协作，用于聚集穿过径向光路的物体射线，并沿着该透镜组件的光路偏离它们 透镜子组件的前节点实际上看起来位于旋转轴线上的方式，从而消除图像污迹; 并且具有环境光响应控制器，其包括环境光传感器，该环境光传感器安装成与相机外壳一起旋转，用于自动地改变与环境光的大小直接相关的旋转速度，从而消除曝光过度和过度曝光。 公开了允许选择不同的近场和远场物距并且允许全景物体的成帧（垂直和有角）的装置。 在一个实施例中，镜面组件具有在打开位置和闭合位置之间枢转的物镜和透镜镜。 不同的实施例具有电影或数字图像记录装置。

公开(公告)号：US5579065A

公开(公告)日：1996-11-26

申请号：US502939

申请日：1995-07-17

Applicant: Hans-Joerg Schoenherr ,  Hans Zimmet

Inventor： Hans-Joerg Schoenherr ,  Hans Zimmet

IPC: G03B37/02 ,  G03B37/00

CPC classification number: G03B37/02

Abstract: A panoramic camera has an objective drum, an electric motor which drives the objective drum and has a motor shaft, the electric motor being arranged axis-parallel to and at a distance from the objective drum and having a regulatable speed, a plurality of outputs having different speeds and connected with the motor shaft, and a plurality of intermediate outputs connecting the outputs selectively with the objective drum.

Abstract translation: 全景相机具有物镜鼓，电动机驱动物镜鼓并具有电动机轴，该电动机轴线平行并距离物镜滚筒一定距离并具有可调速度，多个输出具有 不同的速度并与电动机轴连接，以及多个中间输出将输出选择性地与物镜滚筒连接。

公开(公告)号：US5289090A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-22

申请号：US844519

申请日：1992-03-02

Applicant: Jeffrey E. Miller ,  J. Michael Lewis

Inventor： Jeffrey E. Miller ,  J. Michael Lewis

IPC: F16M11/08 ,  F16M11/18 ,  G03B37/02 ,  H02P1/22 ,  G03B29/00

CPC classification number: G03B37/02 ,  F16M11/08 ,  F16M11/18

Abstract: An automatic panning device adapted for use with camcorders and similar equipment includes a bi-directional electric motor which is connected to rotate a mounting plate upon which the camcorder is secured. A control circuit controls the direction and speed of rotation of the mounting plate so as to pan the camcorder back and forth throughout a predetermined angular displacement. In a first embodiment, the amount of such angular displacement is controlled by a pair of limit arms which are pivotably secured to the mounting plate. A proximity sensor is provided for sensing panning movement of the limit arms with the mounting plate to a predetermined location. When this occurs, the proximity sensor generates a signal to the control circuit to reverse the direction of rotation. In a second embodiment, the proximity sensor is provided on the mounting plate and is moved relative to a pair of limit targets slidably mounted on a housing for the device. In a third embodiment, the amount of such angular displacement is controlled by an electronic rotational limit circuit connected to the control circuit. In a fourth embodiment, the amount of such angular displacement is controlled by an electronic rotational time circuit connected to the control circuit.

Abstract translation: 适于与摄像机和类似设备一起使用的自动平移装置包括双向电动机，其连接以旋转安装板，摄像机固定在该安装板上。 控制电路控制安装板的旋转方向和速度，以便在整个预定的角位移期间来回摇动摄像机。 在第一实施例中，通过可枢转地固定到安装板的一对极限臂来控制这种角位移的量。 提供接近传感器用于感测限位臂与安装板的平移运动到预定位置。 当这种情况发生时，接近传感器产生一个信号给控制电路，以反转旋转方向。 在第二实施例中，接近传感器设置在安装板上并且相对于可滑动地安装在装置的外壳上的一对限制目标移动。 在第三实施例中，这种角位移的量由连接到控制电路的电子旋转极限电路控制。 在第四实施例中，这种角位移的量由连接到控制电路的电子旋转时间电路控制。

公开(公告)号：US5253107A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-12

申请号：US770105

申请日：1991-10-02

Applicant: Graham T. Smith

Inventor： Graham T. Smith

IPC: G03B37/02 ,  H04N13/00 ,  G02B27/22 ,  G03B37/00

CPC classification number: H04N13/0217 ,  G03B37/02 ,  H04N13/0221 ,  H04N13/0436 ,  H04N13/0459 ,  H04N13/0048 ,  H04N13/0055 ,  H04N13/0438 ,  H04N13/0497

Abstract: An image viewing system is disclosed for viewing images recorded on a film record in a particular known angular relationship. The viewing system comprises a rotatable viewing head for selective viewing of portions of the film record as a function of the angular position of the viewing head. As the viewing head is rotated, the film record is adjusted to reflect a similar angular movement in the scenes of the film record. This arrangement corresponds to the dynamics involved if the user was to actually view the scenes of the film record.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种图像观看系统，用于以特定已知的角度关系来观看记录在电影记录上的图像。 观察系统包括可旋转的观察头，用于根据观察头的角度位置选择性地观看胶片记录的部分。 当观察头旋转时，调整胶片记录以反映胶片记录的场景中类似的角度运动。 这种安排对应于用户实际观看电影录像场景所涉及的动态。

公开(公告)号：US5153716A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-06

申请号：US737148

申请日：1991-07-29

Applicant: Graham T. Smith

Inventor： Graham T. Smith

IPC: G03B37/02 ,  H04N13/00

CPC classification number: H04N13/0217 ,  G03B37/02 ,  H04N13/0221 ,  H04N13/044 ,  H04N13/0459 ,  H04N13/0048 ,  H04N13/0055 ,  H04N13/0497

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for viewing of a panorama or large portion thereof by selectively displaying a portion thereof on a video display device or other means and in a manner that forces the user to change his own orientation to vary the portion of the panorama viewed. Such a method and apparatus coordinates the user's normal feedback responses associated with changing orientation to changes in the portion of the panorama viewed. In a preferred embodiment, a simple apparatus for allowing a user or users to view the recorded panorama is disclosed.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于通过在视频显示装置或其他装置上选择性地显示其全部或部分来观看其全景或大部分的方法和装置，并且以这样一种方式迫使用户改变自己的方向以改变其部分 全景浏览。 这样的方法和装置协调用户与所观看的全景的部分变化相关联的正常反馈响应。 在优选实施例中，公开了一种用于允许用户或用户观看记录的全景的简单装置。

公开(公告)号：US5040759A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-20

申请号：US548238

申请日：1990-07-05

Applicant: Andrew G. Wainwright

Inventor： Andrew G. Wainwright

IPC: F16M11/08 ,  G03B17/56 ,  G03B37/02

CPC classification number: F16M11/08 ,  G03B17/561 ,  G03B37/02 ,  F16M2200/024

Abstract: A camera mount for taking panoramic pictures. A camera mounting plate is rotatably attached to a tripod mounting plate in a manner permitting the camera mounting plate to sweep an arc of rotation along the top surface of the tripod mounting plate. The tripod mounting plate has a convexly-curved forward edge and a protractor disposed adjacent the forward edge. A stationary detent is fixedly attached adjacent to the center of the protractor and a plurality of adjustable detents are disposed to each side of the stationary detent within respective detent slots disposed along the arc of rotation adjacent to the protractor. The camera mounting plate includes a camera mounting block that can be adjusted rearwardly and forwardly upon the camera mounting plate. A pointer integrally formed as part of the camera mounting plate includes a transparent eyeglass disposed above the protractor having a datum to facilitate alignment of the pointer with the protractor. A bubble level is also provided to facilitate leveling of the camera mounted on the device of the present invention.

Abstract translation: 用于拍摄全景照片的相机底座。 相机安装板以允许照相机安装板沿着三脚架安装板的顶表面扫掠弧线的方式可旋转地附接到三脚架安装板。 三脚架安装板具有凸曲面的前边缘和靠近前边缘设置的量角器。 固定的棘爪固定地附接到量角器的中心附近，并且多个可调节的棘爪被设置在沿着与量角器相邻的旋转弧设置的相应制动槽内的固定棘爪的每一侧。 相机安装板包括相机安装块，其可以在相机安装板上向后和向前调节。 整体形成为相机安装板的一部分的指针包括设置在量角器上方的透明眼镜，其具有用于使指示器与量角器对准的基准。 还提供了气泡水平以便于安装在本发明的装置上的照相机的调平。