公开(公告)号：US08558890B2

公开(公告)日：2013-10-15

申请号：US12806478

申请日：2010-08-12

Applicant: Fred Mrozek ,  Russell A. Bennett

Inventor： Fred Mrozek ,  Russell A. Bennett

IPC: H04N7/18

CPC classification number: G01C11/02 ,  G02B5/04 ,  G02B27/0025

Abstract: An aerial reconnaissance camera system is disclosed which compensates for atmospheric dispersion. The dispersion is principally a function of the observing altitude and slant range and occurs in the camera depression direction only. The effective spectral dispersion of the atmosphere is shown to be about 15 microradians over the visible/near infrared spectrum (500 to 900 nanometers) at typical long range oblique photography (LOROP) imaging ranges. Consequently, dispersion is compensated by means of a fixed optical wedge incorporated into the optical path of the reconnaissance camera, e.g., in a fixed reconnaissance window. The wedge has dispersive qualities opposite to the effective net dispersion of the atmosphere for an expected reconnaissance mission using the camera.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种补偿大气分散的空中侦察摄像机系统。 分散体主要是观测高度和倾斜范围的函数，仅发生在相机按压方向。 在典型的长距离倾斜摄影（LOROP）成像范围内，大气的有效光谱色散在可见/近红外光谱（500至900纳米）内显示为约15微弧度。 因此，通过结合到侦察摄像机的光路中的固定光楔补偿色散，例如在固定的侦察窗中。 楔形物具有与使用相机的预期侦察任务的大气有效净分散相反的色散性质。

公开(公告)号：US5692062A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-25

申请号：US316734

申请日：1994-10-03

Applicant: Andre G. Lareau ,  Brian James ,  Russell A. Bennett

Inventor： Andre G. Lareau ,  Brian James ,  Russell A. Bennett

IPC: G01S3/786 ,  H04N5/14 ,  H04N5/335 ,  H04N5/341 ,  H04N5/359 ,  H04N5/369 ,  G06K9/00

CPC classification number: H04N5/335 ,  H04N3/1525 ,  G01S3/7864 ,  H04N5/145

Abstract: An electro-optical imaging array provides compensation for image motion due to variations in scene terrain electronically and with no moving parts. Pixel information representing scene information is transferred through the array in column groups. Each column group has its own charge transfer rate U. Successive images of the scene are generated by the imaging array, and the images are correlated by electronic signal processing circuitry to determine the image displacement of a fixed point in the scene between successive images. The image displacement is used to calculate a residual image velocity U.sub..delta. in each column group. As successive images of the scene are generated, the charge transfer rates U for each column group are updated, whereby U=U.sub.0 -U.sub..delta., where U.sub.0 is the charge transfer rate for the previous exposure, and U.sub..delta. is the residual image velocity in each column group.

Abstract translation: 电光成像阵列由于电子场景地形的变化以及没有运动部件而对图像运动提供补偿。 表示场景信息的像素信息通过数组以列组形式传送。 每个列组具有其自己的电荷传送速率U.场景的连续图像由成像阵列产生，并且图像通过电子信号处理电路相关联，以确定连续图像之间的场景中的固定点的图像位移。 图像位移用于计算每个列组中的残留图像速度U delta。 随着场景的连续图像的生成，每列组的电荷转移率U被更新，由此U = U0-U delta，其中U0是先前曝光的电荷转移速率，U delta是残留图像速度 每列组。

公开(公告)号：US20120038769A1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-16

申请号：US12806478

申请日：2010-08-12

Applicant: Fred Mrozek ,  Russell A. Bennett

Inventor： Fred Mrozek ,  Russell A. Bennett

IPC: H04N7/18

CPC classification number: G01C11/02 ,  G02B5/04 ,  G02B27/0025

Abstract: An aerial reconnaissance camera system is disclosed which compensates for atmospheric dispersion. The dispersion is principally a function of the observing altitude and slant range and occurs in the camera depression direction only. The effective spectral dispersion of the atmosphere is shown to be about 15 microradians over the visible/near infrared spectrum (500 to 900 nanometers) at typical long range oblique photography (LOROP) imaging ranges. Consequently, dispersion is compensated by means of a fixed optical wedge incorporated into the optical path of the reconnaissance camera, e.g., in a fixed reconnaissance window. The wedge has dispersive qualities opposite to the effective net dispersion of the atmosphere for an expected reconnaissance mission using the camera.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种补偿大气分散的空中侦察摄像机系统。 分散体主要是观测高度和倾斜范围的函数，仅发生在相机按压方向。 在典型的长距离倾斜摄影（LOROP）成像范围内，大气的有效光谱色散在可见/近红外光谱（500至900纳米）内显示为约15微弧度。 因此，通过结合到侦察摄像机的光路中的固定光楔补偿色散，例如在固定的侦察窗中。 楔形物具有与使用相机的预期侦察任务的大气有效净分散相反的色散性质。

公开(公告)号：US5798786A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-25

申请号：US646509

申请日：1996-05-07

Applicant: Andre G. Lareau ,  Brian James ,  William R. Pfister ,  Kenneth J. Jerkatis ,  Stephen R. Beran ,  Russell A. Bennett

Inventor： Andre G. Lareau ,  Brian James ,  William R. Pfister ,  Kenneth J. Jerkatis ,  Stephen R. Beran ,  Russell A. Bennett

IPC: H01L27/146 ,  G01C11/02 ,  H04N5/232 ,  H04N5/335 ,  H04N7/18 ,  H04N9/47 ,  H04N5/228

CPC classification number: H04N5/23274 ,  G01C11/02 ,  G03B15/006 ,  H04N3/155 ,  H04N5/23248 ,  H04N5/335

Abstract: An electro-optical imaging array having pixels arranged in rows and columns electronically compensates for image motion in the plane of the array regardless of whether the motion vector is in the row direction, the column direction, or in a diagonal direction, i.e., in some vector combination of row and column directions. In an aerial reconnaissance application, the image motion may be due to rotation of the aircraft about roll, pitch and/or yaw angles in addition to forward velocity of the aircraft. The image motion compensation is achieved with no moving parts and does not require a stabilized platform. A camera control computer determines the magnitude and direction of the image motion from inertial navigation system inputs, including velocity, flight, and aircraft rotation information, and calculates pixel information transfer rates in the row and column directions. The pixel information transfer rates are supplied to a counter and clock driver circuit for the array. The pixel information in the array is transferred in the row and column direction in a step-wise fashion in the row and column directions at a rate and direction substantially matching the image motion. The array itself is provided with a gate and control line design to enable charge representing pixel information to be transferred in both the row and column directions.

Abstract translation: 具有排列成行和列的像素的电光学成像阵列电子地补偿阵列的平面中的图像运动，而不管运动矢量是在行方向，列方向还是在对角线方向上，即在某些方面 行和列方向的向量组合。 在空中侦察应用中，图像运动可能是由于除了飞行器的向前速度之外，飞机关于滚动，俯仰和/或偏航角度的旋转。 图像运动补偿无需移动部件即可实现，不需要稳定的平台。 相机控制计算机确定惯性导航系统输入的图像运动的大小和方向，包括速度，飞行和飞行器旋转信息，并计算行和列方向上的像素信息传输速率。 像素信息传送速率被提供给阵列的计数器和时钟驱动器电路。 阵列中的像素信息在行和列方向上以逐行方式以基本上与图像运动匹配的速率和方向在行和列方向上传送。 阵列本身设置有栅极和控制线设计，以使得能够在行和列方向上传送代表像素信息的电荷。

公开(公告)号：US5668593A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-16

申请号：US486989

申请日：1995-06-07

Applicant: Andre G. Lareau ,  Gilbert W. Willey ,  Russell A. Bennett ,  Stephen R. Beran

Inventor： Andre G. Lareau ,  Gilbert W. Willey ,  Russell A. Bennett ,  Stephen R. Beran

IPC: G01C11/02 ,  G02B27/64 ,  G03B5/08 ,  G03B15/00 ,  G03B39/00 ,  H04N5/225 ,  H04N5/232 ,  H04N7/18 ,  H04N13/00

CPC classification number: G03B37/02 ,  G01C11/025 ,  G02B27/642 ,  H04N13/0221 ,  H04N3/1525 ,  H04N3/1587 ,  H04N5/2254 ,  H04N5/23248 ,  H04N5/23287 ,  H04N7/188 ,  H04N13/0296 ,  H04N13/0431 ,  H04N13/0434 ,  H04N13/0438

Abstract: An electro-optical step-frame camera system in which successive overlapping frames of scene imagery are generated by an electro-optical imaging array, and in which electronic image motion compensation is performed by the array during the generation of at least some of the frames of imagery. The successive frames of imagery are made in a stepping pattern that is repeated in a series of cycles of steps, each step separated by a framing interval in which a frame of imagery is obtained. The stepping cycles of the camera generate sweeping coverage of the terrain of interest. As the velocity to height ratio of the reconnaissance aircraft changes, the stepping cycle and electronic image motion compensation are continually adjusted, so as to ensure maximum scene coverage and preservation of image resolution.

Abstract translation: 一种电光步进相机系统，其中通过电光成像阵列产生场景图像的连续重叠帧，并且其中在生成至少一些帧的时候由阵列执行电子图像运动补偿 图像 连续的图像帧以步骤模式进行，该步进模式以一系列步骤循环重复，每个步骤由获取图像帧的成帧间隔分开。 相机的步进循环产生了感兴趣的地形的覆盖范围。 随着侦察机速度与高度的变化，不断调整步进循环和电子图像运动补偿，以确保最大的场景覆盖和图像分辨率的保持。

公开(公告)号：US5844602A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-01

申请号：US762385

申请日：1996-12-03

Applicant: Andre G. Lareau ,  Russell A. Bennett ,  Steven R. Beran ,  Michael Bown ,  George Hines

Inventor： Andre G. Lareau ,  Russell A. Bennett ,  Steven R. Beran ,  Michael Bown ,  George Hines

IPC: H01L27/146 ,  G01C11/02 ,  H04N5/232 ,  H04N5/335 ,  H04N7/18 ,  H04N9/47 ,  H04N5/228 ,  H04N3/14

CPC classification number: H04N5/2327 ,  G01C11/02 ,  H04N3/155 ,  H04N5/23248 ,  H04N5/23274 ,  H04N5/335

Abstract: A camera system is described which is based on an electro-optical imaging array performs electronic image motion compensation without moving parts during a reconnaissance maneuver in which the aircraft is experiencing a non-zero rate of change in the pitch axis, such as in a dive bomb maneuver when the pilot is pulling out of the dive. The camera system has a camera control computer that calculates a pixel information transfer rate for the array based on parameters supplied by the aircraft's navigation system and pre-mission known parameters, including the aircraft's velocity, height above ground, attach angle, pitch angle, and rate of change in pitch during the period in which the array is taking successive exposures of the scene. The camera control computer supplies information to the drive and control electronics that control the transfer of pixel information in the array. In a preferred embodiment, the array is exposed to the scene of interest in a series of rapid exposure intervals and generates a frame of imagery during each exposure. By virtue of the electronic image motion compensation, each frame of imagery is a high resolution image of the scene of interest, far surpassing images created by an electro-optical array if the present image motion compensation technique were not performed.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种照相机系统，其基于电光成像阵列在飞行器正在经历俯仰轴的非零变化率的侦察机动中执行电子图像运动补偿，例如在潜水中 当飞行员撤出潜水时，炸弹机动。 照相机系统具有照相机控制计算机，其基于由飞行器的导航系统提供的参数和特派团前的已知参数（包括飞机的速度，地面高度，附着角度，俯仰角和 阵列在场景连续曝光期间的音调变化率。 相机控制计算机向驱动器和控制电子设备提供信息，以控制阵列中像素信息的传输。 在优选实施例中，阵列以一系列快速曝光间隔暴露于感兴趣的场景，并在每次曝光期间产生一帧图像。 通过电子图像运动补偿，如果不执行当前的图像运动补偿技术，则每帧图像是感兴趣的场景的高分辨率图像，远远超过由电光阵列产生的图像。

公开(公告)号：US06747686B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-08

申请号：US09972262

申请日：2001-10-05

Applicant: Russell A. Bennett

Inventor： Russell A. Bennett

IPC: H04N947

CPC classification number: G03B35/00 ,  H04N13/221 ,  H04N13/296

Abstract: An aerial reconnaissance camera and method provides for generating a first image of the terrain of interest with the camera pointing angle oriented or rotated about an azimuthal axis some angular amount (&thgr;1) to a first, typically forward orientation, i.e., forward of a cross-line of flight direction. An image is obtained of the ground at this orientation. Then the camera is rotated about the azimuthal axis to new angular value (&thgr;2), which will typically be aft of the cross line of flight direction. An image is generated at this value. The camera is then rotated back to the value of &thgr;1, and a second image in the forward orientation is generated. The camera is then rotated again to the value of &thgr;2 and another image in the aft orientation is generated. This process of rotating the camera about the azimuthal axis and generating images in forward and aft orientations continues over and over. Eventually, as the aircraft flies past the terrain of interest, any given location in the terrain of interest will have been imaged from two different perspectives—forward and aft. The motion of the aircraft during the interim in combination with the values of &thgr;1 and &thgr;2 provide the high baseline for the stereo image pairs. By selection of suitable values for the angular separation of &thgr;1 and &thgr;2 (such as &thgr;1=+10 degrees and &thgr;2=−10 degrees) the result will be pairs of images of the terrain of interest having a large baseline, producing truly high aspect stereo images from a single camera. The method also works in a similar fashion by rotation back and forth about the pitch axis and imaging the terrain in forward oblique and aft oblique orientations.

Abstract translation: 一种空中侦察摄像机和方法提供了生成感兴趣地形的第一图像，其中相机指向角定位或围绕方位角旋转一些角度量（θ1）到第一，典型地向前方向，即， 航线方向。 在此方向获得地面图像。 然后，摄像机围绕方位轴旋转到新的角度值（theta2），其通常将在飞行方向的交叉线的后方。 在此值生成图像。 然后将照相机旋转回到θ1的值，并且产生正向定向的第二个图像。 然后将照相机再次旋转到θ2的值，并且生成在后方向上的另一图像。 围绕方位角旋转相机并在前后方向产生图像的过程一直持续不断。 最终，当飞机飞过感兴趣的地形时，感兴趣的地形中的任何给定的位置将从两个不同的角度 - 前后成像。 飞机在中期期间的运动与θ1和θ2的值相结合为立体图像对提供了高基线。 通过选择θ1和θ2的角度分离（如θ1= + 10度和θ2= -10度）的合适值，结果将是具有大基线的感兴趣地形的图像对，产生真正高的立体声立体声 来自单个相机的图像。 该方法也以类似的方式通过围绕俯仰轴线来回旋转并以前倾斜和向后倾斜取向成像地形。

公开(公告)号：US6088055A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-11

申请号：US163088

申请日：1998-09-29

Applicant: Andre G. Lareau ,  Russell A. Bennett ,  Steven R. Beran ,  Michael Bown ,  George Hines

Inventor： Andre G. Lareau ,  Russell A. Bennett ,  Steven R. Beran ,  Michael Bown ,  George Hines

IPC: H01L27/146 ,  G01C11/02 ,  H04N5/232 ,  H04N5/335 ,  H04N7/18

CPC classification number: H04N5/23274 ,  G01C11/02 ,  G03B15/006 ,  H04N3/155 ,  H04N5/23248 ,  H04N5/335

Abstract: A camera system is described which is based on an electro-optical imaging array performs electronic image motion compensation without moving parts during a reconnaissance maneuver in which the aircraft is experiencing a non-zero rate of change in the pitch axis, such as in a dive bomb maneuver when the pilot is pulling out of the dive. The camera system has a camera control computer that calculates a pixel information transfer rate for the array based on parameters supplied by the aircraft's navigation system and pre-mission known parameters, including the aircraft's velocity, height above ground, attach angle, pitch angle, and rate of change in pitch during the period in which the array is taking successive exposures of the scene. The camera control computer supplies information to the drive and control electronics that control the transfer of pixel information in the array. In a preferred embodiment, the array is exposed to the scene of interest in a series of rapid exposure intervals and generates a frame of imagery during each exposure. By virtue of the electronic image motion compensation, each frame of imagery is a high resolution image of the scene of interest, far surpassing images created by an electro-optical array if the present image motion compensation technique were not performed.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种照相机系统，其基于电光成像阵列在飞行器正在经历俯仰轴的非零变化率的侦察机动中执行电子图像运动补偿，例如在潜水中 当飞行员撤出潜水时，炸弹机动。 照相机系统具有照相机控制计算机，其基于由飞行器的导航系统提供的参数和特派团前的已知参数（包括飞机的速度，地面高度，附着角度，俯仰角和 阵列在场景连续曝光期间的音调变化率。 相机控制计算机向驱动器和控制电子设备提供信息，以控制阵列中像素信息的传输。 在优选实施例中，阵列以一系列快速曝光间隔暴露于感兴趣的场景，并在每次曝光期间产生一帧图像。 通过电子图像运动补偿，如果不执行当前的图像运动补偿技术，则每帧图像是感兴趣的场景的高分辨率图像，远远超过由电光阵列产生的图像。