摘要:
The total porosity of said formation, a fractional volume of the shale, and a resistivity of the shale are determined in a laminated reservoir including sands that may have dispersed shales therein. A tensor petrophysical model determines the laminar shale volume and laminar sand conductivity from vertical and horizontal conductivities derived from multi-component induction log data. The volume of dispersed shale and the total and effective porosities of the laminar sand fraction are determined using a Thomas-Stieber-Juhasz approach. Removal of laminar shale conductivity and porosity effects reduces the laminated shaly sand problem to a single dispersed shaly sand model to which the Waxman-Smits equation can be applied.
摘要:
The total porosity of said formation, a fractional volume of the shale, and a resistivity of the shale are determined in a laminated reservoir including sands that may have dispersed shales therein. A tensor petrophysical model determines the laminar shale volume and laminar sand conductivity from vertical and horizontal conductivities derived from multi-component induction log data. NMR data are used to obtain measurements of the total clay-bound water in the formation and the clay bound water in shales in the formation.
摘要:
An apparatus for calibrating phase response of a receiver in an induction well logging instrument. The apparatus includes a source of alternating current selectively coupled to a transmitter. A low-gain antenna is disposed proximal to the transmitter for generating voltage in response to a magnetic field generated by the alternating current in the transmitter. The instrument includes a receiver spaced apart from transmitter. A phase comparator is coupled at one input to the low-gain antenna and at its other input to the source of alternating current. The phase comparator generates a signal corresponding to phase difference between the voltage in the low-gain antenna, and the alternating current. A sample and hold circuit is coupled to phase comparator for retaining the most recent signal from the phase comparator. A time-delay circuit is coupled to the source of alternating current and to the sample and hold circuit. The time-delay circuit output consists of the alternating current time-shifted by an amount corresponding to the difference in phase. A current switch is interconnected between the output of the delay line and the receiver for selectively injecting the time-shifted alternating current into the receiver. When the time-shifted alternating current is injected into the receiver, the transmitter is turned off. The receiver output and the time-shifted alternating current are coupled to analog to digital converters and a computer for determining the phase difference between the receiver output and the delayed alternating current.
摘要:
A method and system for transmitting data through a transmission medium in a wellbore. A surface transceiver and a subsurface transceiver are each configured to selectively transmit over a plurality of transmission channels. The surface transceiver is adapted to initialize a channel to determine at least one parameter affecting the current maximum data rate for transmission of information through the channel using a given transmission methodology. At least one of the channels uses carrierless phase/amplitude (CAP) modulation for its transmission methodology. The surface transceiver and the subsurface transceiver adapt to cooperatively periodically test a channel by transmission of a calibration signal from the subsurface transceiver to the surface transceiver. Control circuitry compares the received calibration signal with the calibration signal, responding to the result of the comparison to adjust at least one parameter as necessary to achieve an optimum rate of data transmission through said channel.
摘要:
Methods and systems for regulating use of an asset by a user entity. The user entity may be bound by an asset use agreement providing the user entity a right to use the asset subject to at least one use limitation. Regulating use of the asset may be carried out using at least one processor in communication with a sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to sense a condition associated with the asset relating to at least one use limitation. The method may include generating a violation notification message for a managing entity when the at least one processor identifies a violation by the user entity of the at least one use limitation. The managing entity may be the entity responsible for regulating the user entity's use of the asset. The managing entity may be remote from the asset and/or the processor.
摘要:
Measurements made with a multicomponent logging instrument when used in a substantially horizontal borehole in earth formations provide diagnostic of the direction of beds relative to the position of the borehole. When the logging instrument is conveyed on a drilling assembly, the drilling trajectory may be maintained to follow a predetermined trajectory or to maintain a desired distance from a boundary such as an oil-water contact.
摘要:
Measurements made by a cross-dipole acoustic logging tool in a borehole are processed to determine the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy of a subsurface formation. Measurements indicative of azimuthal resistivity variations are also made with a multicomponent induction logging tool. These electrical measurements are processed using the principal direction determined from acoustic measurements to give an estimate of azimuthal resistivity variations. Based on modeling results, azimuthal resistivity variations are interpreted to estimate a fracture depth in the rock for known fluids therein.
摘要:
The distribution of shales, sands and water in a reservoir including laminated shaly sands using vertical and horizontal conductivities is derived from nuclear, NMR, and multi-component induction data. The multicomponent data are inverted and an estimate of the laminated shale volume from this inversion is compared with an estimate of laminated shale volume from nuclear logs. The bulk water volume determined from the inversion is compared with a bulk irreducible water volume from NMR measurements. NMR data are then used to obtain a sand distribution in the reservoir and this sand distribution is used in a second inversion of the multicomponent data. Alternatively, a bulk permeability measurement is used as a constraint in inverting the properties of the anisotropic sand component of the reservoir. From the resistivities of the sand laminae, empirical relations are used to predict anisotropic reservoir properties of the reservoir.
摘要:
Shoulder corrections are applied to measurements obtained from a multi-component electromagnetic logging tool. An anisotropic resistivity model is obtained using the shoulder corrected data. The process is iterated until a good match is obtained between the shoulder corrected data and the model output.
摘要:
A method for generating an improved estimate of horizontal conductivity, dip angle, azimuth and anisotropy parameter of an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore from dual-frequency transverse electromagnetic induction measurements, comprising generating an initial estimate of the horizontal conductivity, dip angle, azimuth and anisotropy parameter from the dual-frequency transverse induction measurements made at each one of a plurality of base frequencies. The initial estimates from each of the plurality of base frequencies are input into a primary trained neural network, and the improved estimate is calculated by the trained neural network. The network is trained by generating models of earth formations each having a known value of horizontal conductivity, anisotropy parameter, dip angle and azimuth. Voltages which would be measured by the transverse electromagnetic induction instrument in response to each model are synthesized. Initial estimates from the synthesized voltages are calculated and the initial estimates and known values from each of the models are input to the neural network to cause it to learn a relationship between the initial estimates and the known values.