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公开(公告)号：US5781436A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-14
申请号：US686848
申请日：1996-07-26
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , E21B2041/0028
摘要： A method of measuring the conductivity of earth formations penetrated by a wellbore. The method comprises selectively passing an alternating current through transmitter coils inserted into the wellbore. Each of the transmitter coils has a magnetic moment direction different from the magnetic moment direction of the other ones of the transmitter coils. The alternating current includes a first and a second frequency. The amplitude at the first frequency has a predetermined relationship to the amplitude at the second frequency. The relationship corresponds to the first and the second frequencies. The method includes selectively receiving voltages induced in a receiver coil having a sensitive direction substantially parallel to the axis of the corresponding transmitter coil through which the alternating current is passed. A difference in magnitudes between a component of the received voltage at the first frequency and a component of the voltage at the second frequency is measured, and conductivity is calculated from the difference in magnitudes of the components of the received voltage at the two frequencies. In a preferred embodiment, the step of measuring the difference in magnitudes between the voltage components at the two frequencies includes extracting digital signal samples of the received voltage at predetermined times with respect to a cycle of the transmitter current at the first frequency.
摘要翻译： 测量井眼穿透的地层导电性的方法。 所述方法包括选择性地使交流电流通过插入到井筒中的发射器线圈。 每个发射器线圈具有与其他发射器线圈的磁矩方向不同的磁矩方向。 交流电流包括第一和第二频率。 第一频率处的振幅与第二频率处的振幅具有预定的关系。 该关系对应于第一和第二频率。 该方法包括有选择地接收在接收器线圈中感应的电压，该接收器线圈具有基本上平行于相应发射器线圈的轴线的敏感方向，交流电通过该轴线。 测量第一频率的接收电压的分量与第二频率处的电压分量之间的幅度差，并根据两个频率处的接收电压的分量的大小差来计算导电率。 在优选实施例中，测量两个频率的电压分量之间的幅度差的步骤包括相对于第一频率处的发射机电流的周期，以预定的时间提取接收电压的数字信号样本。
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公开(公告)号：US5646561A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-08
申请号：US575626
申请日：1995-12-20
申请人： Otto N. Fanini , Stanislav Forgang
发明人： Otto N. Fanini , Stanislav Forgang
IPC分类号： H03K17/687 , H03K17/64 , H03K17/56
CPC分类号： H03K17/6877
摘要： A current switch for borehole logging tools operating at high temperatures with high load currents, which includes a driver unit that responds to an input digital control signal by holding an output field effect transistor in a turn-off state until its gate electrode is fully charged before allowing the transistor to supply current to an inductive or acoustic load, and by effecting a rapid discharge of the gate electrode to turn the transistor off. A digital coupler is inserted between the source of the input digital control signal and the driver unit to electrically decouple the load current from the source. The effects of spurious noise contaminants including power spikes in the load, fly-back coupling, and Miller's capacitance thereby are minimized and a switching action with minimal transition time is achieved. The current switch is particularly adaptable for use in a complementary-symmetric circuit for a bi-directional switch that causes current to flow first in one direction, and then in the opposite direction through the load with minimal cross propagation of noise.
摘要翻译： 一种用于钻井测井工具的电流开关，其工作在高负载电流的高温下，其包括驱动器单元，其通过将输出场效应晶体管保持在关断状态来响应输入数字控制信号，直到其栅电极完全充电 允许晶体管将电流提供给感应或声学负载，并且通过实现栅电极的快速放电以使晶体管截止。 数字耦合器插入在输入数字控制信号的源极和驱动器单元之间，以将负载电流与源电耦合。 包括负载中的功率尖峰，飞回耦合和米勒电容的杂散噪声污染物的影响被最小化，并且实现了具有最小转换时间的开关动作。 电流开关特别适用于用于双向开关的互补对称电路，其导致电流首先在一个方向上流动，然后以相反的方向通过负载以最小的噪声交叉传播。
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3.发明授权Method and apparatus for reducing signal-phase error in induction well logging instruments 失效感应测井仪器减少信号相位误差的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5600246A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-04
申请号：US563541
申请日：1995-11-28
申请人： Stanislav Forgang , Otto N. Fanini
发明人： Stanislav Forgang , Otto N. Fanini
摘要： An apparatus for calibrating phase response of a receiver in an induction well logging instrument. The apparatus includes a source of alternating current selectively coupled to a transmitter. A low-gain antenna is disposed proximal to the transmitter for generating voltage in response to a magnetic field generated by the alternating current in the transmitter. The instrument includes a receiver spaced apart from transmitter. A phase comparator is coupled at one input to the low-gain antenna and at its other input to the source of alternating current. The phase comparator generates a signal corresponding to phase difference between the voltage in the low-gain antenna, and the alternating current. A sample and hold circuit is coupled to phase comparator for retaining the most recent signal from the phase comparator. A time-delay circuit is coupled to the source of alternating current and to the sample and hold circuit. The time-delay circuit output consists of the alternating current time-shifted by an amount corresponding to the difference in phase. A current switch is interconnected between the output of the delay line and the receiver for selectively injecting the time-shifted alternating current into the receiver. When the time-shifted alternating current is injected into the receiver, the transmitter is turned off. The receiver output and the time-shifted alternating current are coupled to analog to digital converters and a computer for determining the phase difference between the receiver output and the delayed alternating current.
摘要翻译： 用于校准感应测井仪器中的接收器的相位响应的装置。 该装置包括选择性地耦合到发射器的交流电源。 低增益天线设置在发射机附近，以响应于由发射机中的交流电产生的磁场而产生电压。 仪器包括与发射器间隔开的接收器。 相位比较器在一个输入处耦合到低增益天线，并在其另一个输入端耦合到交流电源。 相位比较器产生对应于低增益天线中的电压与交流电流之间的相位差的信号。 采样和保持电路耦合到相位比较器，用于保持来自相位比较器的最新信号。 时间延迟电路耦合到交流电源和采样保持电路。 时间延迟电路输出由对应于相位差的量的交替电流组合。 电流开关在延迟线的输出端和接收器之间互连，用于选择性地将时移交流电注入接收器。 当将时间偏移的交流电注入接收机时，发射机被关闭。 接收器输出和时移交流电耦合到模数转换器和用于确定接收器输出和延迟交流电流之间的相位差的计算机。
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公开(公告)号：US09784099B2
公开(公告)日：2017-10-10
申请号：US14132510
申请日：2013-12-18
申请人： Amit Anand Kale , Troy A. Falgout , David Burhoe , Ludger E. Heuermann-Kuehn , Richard Yao , Albert A. Alexy , Paul A. Lowson , Thomas Nguyen , Otto N. Fanini
发明人： Amit Anand Kale , Troy A. Falgout , David Burhoe , Ludger E. Heuermann-Kuehn , Richard Yao , Albert A. Alexy , Paul A. Lowson , Thomas Nguyen , Otto N. Fanini
CPC分类号： E21B49/003 , E21B47/124
摘要： A system and method to determine health prognostics for selection and management of a tool for deployment in a downhole environment are described. The system includes a database to store life cycle information of the tool, the life cycle information including environmental and operational parameters associated with use of the tool. The system also includes a memory device to store statistical equations to determine the health prognostics of the tool, and a processor to calibrate the statistical equations and build a time-to-failure model of the tool based on a first portion of the life cycle information in the database.
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus for a multi-component induction instrument measuring system for geosteering and formation resistivity data interpretation in horizontal, vertical and deviated wells 有权用于水平，垂直和偏斜井的地质导向和地层电阻率数据解释的多分量感应仪测量系统的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US07268556B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-11
申请号：US10824093
申请日：2004-04-14
IPC分类号： G01V3/18
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： An improved induction tool for formation resistivity evaluations. The tool provides electromagnetic transmitters and sensors suitable for transmitting and receiving magnetic fields in radial directions that are orthogonal to the tool's longitudinal axis with minimal susceptibility to errors associated with parasitic eddy currents induced in the metal components surrounding the transmitter and receiver coils.Various transmitter receiver combinations are provided to select sensitivity to a desired reservoir formation properties, for example, different orientations xy, xz, yz, 20-40, 20-90, and combinations, such as, Symmetric-symmetric; Asymmetric-symmetric; and Asymmetric-asymmetric. Measurements made with a multi-component logging instrument when used in a substantially horizontal, vertical or deviated borehole in earth formations are diagnostic of the direction of resistive beds relative to the position of the borehole.
摘要翻译： 改进的地层电阻率评估感应工具。 该工具提供电磁发射器和传感器，适用于在与工具的纵向轴线正交的径向方向上发射和接收磁场，对与发射器和接收器线圈周围的金属部件中感应的寄生涡流有关的误差的影响最小。 提供各种发射器接收器组合以选择对期望的储层形成性质的灵敏度，例如不同取向xy，xz，yz，20-40,20-90以及诸如对称对称的组合; 不对称; 和非对称不对称。 使用多组分测井仪器在地层中基本上水平，垂直或偏斜的钻孔中进行的测量是电阻床相对于钻孔位置的方向的诊断。
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6.发明授权METHOD OF DETERMINING VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL RESISTIVITY, AND RELATIVE DIP IN ANISOTROPIC EARTH FORMATIONS HAVING AN ARBITRARY ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ANTENNA COMBINATION AND ORIENTATION WITH ADDITIONAL ROTATION AND POSITION MEASUREMENTS 有权确定垂直和水平电阻率的方法，以及具有静电电磁天线组合的非均匀地球形态的相对DIP和具有附加旋转和位置测量的方位公开(公告)号：US06819111B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-16
申请号：US10302239
申请日：2002-11-22
IPC分类号： G01V318
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： The invention is a method of determining horizontal and vertical resistivity in an anisotropic formation using a combination of orientable triaxial and array antennae conveyed downhole. Measurements are taken at various azimuthal angles about a measuring device at a given depth. Values at each azimuthal orientation can be fit to a curve to yield information on the surrounding formation. Multiple measurements at a given depth and azimuthal orientation can be weighted to obtain an average value. Values from the curve fitting process are used in subsequent inversion processing and reduce the uncertainty of the inversion processing result. Utilization of a three dimensional geometry enables a unique resolution of the orientation of the principle axis of anisotropy, and consequently of horizontal and vertical resistivity, and dip.
摘要翻译： 本发明是使用在井下传输的可定向三轴和阵列天线的组合来确定各向异性地层中的水平和垂直电阻率的方法。 在给定深度处围绕测量装置以各种方位角进行测量。 每个方位方向的值可以拟合到曲线上，以产生关于周围地层的信息。 在给定的深度和方位取向上的多个测量可以被加权以获得平均值。 曲线拟合过程中的值用于后续反演处理，降低了反演处理结果的不确定度。 利用三维几何能够使得各向异性主轴方向的独特分辨率以及因此的水平和垂直电阻率以及倾角。
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公开(公告)号：US06627873B2
公开(公告)日：2003-09-30
申请号：US09836044
申请日：2001-04-16
申请人： Borislav J. Tchakarov , Rocco DiFoggio , Stanislav W. Forgang , Otto N. Fanini , Marcelo F. Civarolo , James C. Hunziker
发明人： Borislav J. Tchakarov , Rocco DiFoggio , Stanislav W. Forgang , Otto N. Fanini , Marcelo F. Civarolo , James C. Hunziker
IPC分类号： G01V800
CPC分类号： E21B49/08 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/552 , G01V8/02
摘要： A logging while drilling and wire line system for analyzing the concentration of carbon dioxide or another substance, in a sample down hole in a bore hole. A chamber is filled with a sample that may be fluid, or condensate and gas. The interior chamber volume is selectably expandable for decompression of the sample. The sample may alternately be decompressed by allowing a sample at formation pressure to enter the chamber at a lower pressure, thereby decompressing the sample. A sensor measures the absorbance, transmittance or attenuated total reflectance of the infrared light. Mid and near infrared light is utilized to identify carbon dioxide, water and a plurality of hydrocarbons. A wiper cleans the transmitter and sensor between readings to reduce measurement error caused by fluid sample contamination.
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5999883A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US42982
申请日：1998-03-17
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , E21B2041/0028
摘要： A method for determining an initial estimate of the horizontal conductivity and the vertical conductivity of an anisotropic earth formation. Electromagnetic induction signals induced by induction transmitters oriented along three mutually orthogonal axes are measured. One of the mutually orthogonal axes is substantially parallel to a logging instrument axis. The electromagnetic induction signals are measured using first receivers each having a magnetic moment parallel to one of the orthogonal axes and using second receivers each having a magnetic moment perpendicular to a one of the orthogonal axes which is also perpendicular to the instrument axis. A relative angle of rotation of the perpendicular one of the orthogonal axes is calculated from the receiver signals measured perpendicular to the instrument axis. An intermediate measurement tensor is calculated by rotating magnitudes of the receiver signals through a negative of the angle of rotation. A relative angle of inclination of one of the orthogonal axes which is parallel to the axis of the instrument is calculated, from the rotated magnitudes, with respect to a direction of the vertical conductivity. The rotated magnitudes are rotated through a negative of the angle of inclination. Horizontal conductivity is calculated from the magnitudes of the receiver signals after the second step of rotation. An anisotropy parameter is calculated from the receiver signal magnitudes after the second step of rotation. Vertical conductivity is calculated from the horizontal conductivity and the anisotropy parameter.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定各向异性地层的水平导电率和垂直导电率的初始估计的方法。 测量由三个相互正交的轴取向的感应发射器引起的电磁感应信号。 相互正交的轴之一基本上平行于测井仪器轴线。 使用第一接收器测量电磁感应信号，每个接收机具有平行于正交轴之一的磁矩，并且使用第二接收器，每个接收器具有垂直于垂直于仪器轴的正交轴之一的磁矩。 从垂直于仪器轴测量的接收机信号计算垂直轴之一的相对旋转角度。 通过将接收机信号的大小旋转通过旋转角度的负值来计算中间测量张量。 相对于垂直导电率的方向，从旋转的大小计算平行于仪器的轴线的正交轴之一的相对倾斜角。 旋转的大小通过倾斜角度的负值旋转。 在第二个旋转步骤之后，根据接收机信号的幅度计算水平电导率。 从第二步旋转后的接收机信号幅度计算各向异性参数。 垂直电导率由水平电导率和各向异性参数计算。
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公开(公告)号：US07987901B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-02
申请号：US12568284
申请日：2009-09-28
IPC分类号： E21B47/024 , E21B49/10
CPC分类号： E21B29/005
摘要： A method for controlling the electrical power delivered to a downhole system. The downhole system may include a power supply, a downhole tool, and a wire or cable connecting the downhole tool to the power supply. A resistive load, such as a motor, is included with the downhole tool. The power supplied to the downhole tool is dynamically adjustable to match the resistive load voltage and power rating. Dynamically adjusting power is accomplished by varying voltage from the power supply, varying the resistive load requirements, or a combination of both.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制输送到井下系统的电力的方法。 井下系统可以包括电源，井下工具以及将井下工具连接到电源的电线或电缆。 井下工具包括诸如电动机之类的电阻负载。 提供给井下工具的电源可动态调节，以匹配电阻负载电压和额定功率。 通过改变来自电源的电压，改变电阻负载要求或两者的组合来实现动态调节功率。
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10.发明授权Method and apparatus for mulit-component induction instrument measuring system for geosteering and formation resistivity data interpretation in horizontal, vertical and deviated wells 有权用于水平，垂直和偏斜井的地质导向和地层电阻率数据解释的多分量感应仪测量系统的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US07719282B2
公开(公告)日：2010-05-18
申请号：US11780364
申请日：2007-07-19
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： An improved induction tool for evaluating formation resistivity. The tool provides electromagnetic transmitters and sensors suitable for transmitting and receiving magnetic fields in radial directions that are orthogonal to the tool's longitudinal axis with minimal susceptibility to errors associated with parasitic eddy currents induced in the metal components surrounding the transmitter and receiver coils. A magnetic lens is provided to select sensitivity to a desired reservoir formation property.
摘要翻译： 一种用于评估地层电阻率的改进的感应工具。 该工具提供电磁发射器和传感器，适用于在与工具的纵向轴线正交的径向方向上发射和接收磁场，对与发射器和接收器线圈周围的金属部件中感应的寄生涡流有关的误差的影响最小。 提供磁性透镜以选择对期望的储层形成性质的灵敏度。
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