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公开(公告)号：US07199586B2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-03
申请号：US10841397
申请日：2004-05-07
IPC分类号： G01N3/10
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： A transverse induction logging tool having a transmitter and receiver for downhole sampling of formation properties, the tool having a symmetrical shielded split-coil transmitter coil and a bucking coil interposed between the split transmitter coils to reduce coupling of the transmitter time varying magnetic field into the receiver. The tool provides symmetrical shielding of the coils and grounding at either the transmitter or receiver end only to reduce coupling of induced currents into the received signal. The tool provides an insulator between receiver electronics and the conductive receiver housing having contact with conductive wellbore fluid, to reduce parasitic current flowing in a loop formed by the upper housing, feed through pipe, lower housing and wellbore fluid adjacent the probe housing or mandrel. An internal verification loop is provided to track changes in transmitter current in the real and quadrature component of the received data signal. A galvanic electrode is housed in the same mandrel with the induction logging receiver and transmitter.
摘要翻译： 一种具有发射器和接收器的横向感应测井工具，用于对地层特性进行井下取样，该工具具有对称的屏蔽分离线圈发射器线圈和插入分离的发射器线圈之间的降压线圈，以减少发射机时变磁场的耦合 接收器。 该工具在发射机或接收机端提供线圈的对称屏蔽和接地，以减少感应电流与接收信号的耦合。 该工具在接收器电子设备和与导电井眼流体接触的导电接收器壳体之间提供绝缘体，以减少在由上壳体形成的环路中流动的寄生电流，通过管道，下壳体和邻近探针壳体或心轴的井孔流体供给。 提供内部验证循环以跟踪接收数据信号的实数和正交分量中发射机电流的变化。 电感电极与感应测井接收器和变送器一起安装在相同的心轴上。
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32.发明授权Method of using electrical and acoustic anisotropy measurements for fracture identification 有权使用电气和声学各向异性测量进行断裂识别的方法公开(公告)号：US06925031B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-02
申请号：US10317457
申请日：2002-12-12
申请人： Berthold Kriegshauser , Otto N. Fanini , Richard A. Mollison , Liming Yu , Tsili Wang , Xiao Ming Tang
发明人： Berthold Kriegshauser , Otto N. Fanini , Richard A. Mollison , Liming Yu , Tsili Wang , Xiao Ming Tang
摘要： Measurements made by a cross-dipole acoustic logging tool in a borehole are processed to determine the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy of a subsurface formation. Measurements indicative of azimuthal resistivity variations are also made with a multicomponent induction logging tool. These electrical measurements are processed using the principal direction determined from acoustic measurements to give an estimate of azimuthal resistivity variations. Based on modeling results, azimuthal resistivity variations are interpreted to estimate a fracture depth in the rock for known fluids therein.
摘要翻译： 对钻孔中的交叉偶极声波测井仪进行测量，以确定地下地层方位角各向异性的主要方向。 也可以用多组分感应测井工具进行指示方位电阻率变化的测量。 使用从声学测量确定的主方向来处理这些电测量，以给出方位电阻率变化的估计。 基于模拟结果，方位角电阻率变化被解释为估计岩石中已知流体的断裂深度。
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33.发明授权Combined characterization and inversion of reservoir parameters from nuclear, NMR and resistivity measurements 失效从核，核磁共振和电阻率测量结合表征和反演储层参数公开(公告)号：US06686736B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-03
申请号：US09928769
申请日：2001-08-13
申请人： Juergen S. Schoen , Otto N. Fanini , Daniel Georgi
发明人： Juergen S. Schoen , Otto N. Fanini , Daniel Georgi
IPC分类号： G01V300
摘要： The distribution of shales, sands and water in a reservoir including laminated shaly sands using vertical and horizontal conductivities is derived from nuclear, NMR, and multi-component induction data. The multicomponent data are inverted and an estimate of the laminated shale volume from this inversion is compared with an estimate of laminated shale volume from nuclear logs. The bulk water volume determined from the inversion is compared with a bulk irreducible water volume from NMR measurements. NMR data are then used to obtain a sand distribution in the reservoir and this sand distribution is used in a second inversion of the multicomponent data. Alternatively, a bulk permeability measurement is used as a constraint in inverting the properties of the anisotropic sand component of the reservoir. From the resistivities of the sand laminae, empirical relations are used to predict anisotropic reservoir properties of the reservoir.
摘要翻译： 使用垂直和水平电导率的含有层状砂岩的储层中页岩，砂和水的分布来自核，NMR和多组分诱导数据。 将多组分数据反演，并将来自该反演的层压页岩体积的估计与来自核原木的层压页岩体积的估计进行比较。 将从反演确定的体积水体积与NMR测量中的体积不可约水体积进行比较。 然后使用NMR数据来获得储层中的砂分布，并且在多组分数据的第二次反演中使用该砂分布。 或者，体积渗透率测量被用作反转储层的各向异性砂分量的性质的约束。 从砂层的电阻率，经验关系用于预测储层的各向异性储层性质。
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34.发明授权Method and apparatus for reducing the effects of parasitic and galvanic currents in a resistivity measuring tool 失效用于减小电阻率测量工具中寄生电流和电流的影响的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06586939B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09471289
申请日：1999-12-24
IPC分类号： G01V310
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： A transverse induction logging tool having a transmitter and receiver for downhole sampling of formation properties, the tool having a symmetrical shielded split-coil transmitter coil and a bucking coil interposed between the split transmitter coils to reduce coupling of the transmitter time varying magnetic field into the receiver. The tool provides symmetrical shielding of the coils and grounding at either the transmitter or receiver end only to reduce coupling of induced currents into the received signal. The tool provides an insulator between receiver electronics and the conductive receiver housing having contact with conductive wellbore fluid, to reduce parasitic current flowing in a loop formed by the upper housing, feed through pipe, lower housing and wellbore fluid adjacent the probe housing or mandrel. An internal verification loop is provided to track changes in transmitter current in the real and quadrature component of the received data signal. A galvanic electrode is housed in the same mandrel with the induction logging receiver and transmitter.
摘要翻译： 一种具有发射器和接收器的横向感应测井工具，用于对地层特性进行井下取样，该工具具有对称的屏蔽分离线圈发射器线圈和插入分离的发射器线圈之间的降压线圈，以减少发射机时变磁场的耦合 接收器。 该工具在发射机或接收机端提供线圈的对称屏蔽和接地，以减少感应电流与接收信号的耦合。 该工具在接收器电子设备和与导电井眼流体接触的导电接收器壳体之间提供绝缘体，以减少在由上壳体形成的环路中流动的寄生电流，通过管道，下壳体和邻近探针壳体或心轴的井孔流体供给。 提供内部验证循环以跟踪接收数据信号的实数和正交分量中发射机电流的变化。 电感电极与感应测井接收器和变送器一起安装在相同的心轴上。
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公开(公告)号：US06553314B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-22
申请号：US10244960
申请日：2002-09-17
IPC分类号： G01V338
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： Shoulder corrections are applied to measurements obtained from a multi-component electromagnetic logging tool. An anisotropic resistivity model is obtained using the shoulder corrected data. The process is iterated until a good match is obtained between the shoulder corrected data and the model output.
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36.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6044325A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-28
申请号：US119926
申请日：1998-07-21
申请人： Srinivasa Chakravarthy , Pravin Gupta , Raghu Chunduru , Berthold F. Kriegshauser , Otto N. Fanini
发明人： Srinivasa Chakravarthy , Pravin Gupta , Raghu Chunduru , Berthold F. Kriegshauser , Otto N. Fanini
CPC分类号： G01V3/38 , G01V3/28 , E21B2041/0028 , Y10S706/929
摘要： A method for generating an improved estimate of horizontal conductivity, dip angle, azimuth and anisotropy parameter of an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore from dual-frequency transverse electromagnetic induction measurements, comprising generating an initial estimate of the horizontal conductivity, dip angle, azimuth and anisotropy parameter from the dual-frequency transverse induction measurements made at each one of a plurality of base frequencies. The initial estimates from each of the plurality of base frequencies are input into a primary trained neural network, and the improved estimate is calculated by the trained neural network. The network is trained by generating models of earth formations each having a known value of horizontal conductivity, anisotropy parameter, dip angle and azimuth. Voltages which would be measured by the transverse electromagnetic induction instrument in response to each model are synthesized. Initial estimates from the synthesized voltages are calculated and the initial estimates and known values from each of the models are input to the neural network to cause it to learn a relationship between the initial estimates and the known values.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从双频横向电磁感应测量产生由井眼穿透的地层的水平电导率，倾角，方位角和各向异性参数的改进估计的方法，包括产生水平电导率，倾角，方位角和 来自在多个基本频率中的每一个处进行的双频横向感应测量的各向异性参数。 将来自多个基本频率中的每一个的初始估计值输入到初级训练的神经网络中，并且经过训练的神经网络计算改进的估计值。 通过产生具有水平导电性，各向异性参数，倾角和方位角的已知值的地层模型来训练网络。 合成了横向电磁感应仪器响应每个模型测量的电压。 计算合成电压的初始估计值，并将来自每个模型的初始估计值和已知值输入到神经网络，以使其学习初始估计值与已知值之间的关系。
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37.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5854991A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-29
申请号：US67567
申请日：1998-04-28
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , E21B2041/0028
摘要： A method for determining the 2-dimensional distribution of horizontal and vertical electrical conductivities of earth formations surrounding a wellbore using measurements made by a transverse electromagnetic induction well logging instrument. A model is generated of the axial distribution of the horizontal and vertical conductivities, from induction signals acquired by the instrument using two-frequency alternating current. The model is generated by calculating an initial estimate of the conductivity distribution and axially inverting the estimate with respect to the measurements made using the two-frequency alternating current. Shoulder correction is applied to measurements made by the instrument using single-frequency alternating current. An estimate of the radial distribution of the conductivities is generated from the shoulder corrected induction signals acquired using the single-frequency alternating current. A 2-dimensional model is made of the conductivity distribution from the model of axial distribution and from the estimate of radial distribution. The two-frequency induction signals are corrected for near wellbore effects using two-frequency whole space responses calculated using the 2-dimensional model. The corrected two-frequency signals are then axially inverted to generate a 2-dimensional model. Using the corrected two-frequency signals in place of the acquired signals, all the previous steps are repeated until differences between the corrected two-frequency induction signals from successive repetitions (iterations) of the steps fall below a predetermined threshold. The two-dimensional model extant when process is halted becomes the final two-dimensional model.
摘要翻译： 使用横向电磁感应测井仪测量的确定井筒周围地球地层水平和垂直电导率二维分布的方法。 从使用双频交流电的仪器获取的感应信号产生水平和垂直电导率轴向分布的模型。 该模型通过计算电导率分布的初始估计并相对于使用双频交流电流进行的测量轴向反转估计而产生。 肩部矫正适用于使用单频交流电的仪器进行的测量。 电导率的径向分布的估计是从使用单频交流电获得的肩部校正的感应信号产生的。 二维模型由轴向分布模型和径向分布估计的电导率分布组成。 使用使用二维模型计算的双频整体空间响应来校正近似井眼效应的双频感应信号。 然后校正的两个频率信号被轴向反转以产生二维模型。 使用校正的双频信号代替获取的信号，重复所有先前的步骤，直到来自步骤的连续重复（迭代）的校正的双频感应信号之间的差值降至预定阈值以下。 当过程停止时，存在的二维模型成为最终的二维模型。
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38.发明授权Method and apparatus for measuring formation resistivity through casing using single-conductor electrical logging cable 失效使用单导体测井电缆测量套管测量地层电阻率的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5543715A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-06
申请号：US528358
申请日：1995-09-14
申请人： Bension Singer , Hans M. Maurer , Kurt M. Strack , Otto N. Fanini
发明人： Bension Singer , Hans M. Maurer , Kurt M. Strack , Otto N. Fanini
CPC分类号： G01V3/24
摘要： A method of determining resistivity of an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore having conductive casing. The preferred embodiment includes inserting a sonde into the wellbore, the sonde having a plurality of electrodes at axially spaced apart locations adapted to electrically contact the casing, applying electrical current between a first and a second one of the electrodes and measuring the current, measuring a first voltage between a first pair of electrodes axially disposed between the first and second electrodes and measuring a second voltage between a second pair of electrodes also axially disposed between the first and second electrodes and disposed externally to the first pair to determine casing resistance in between the pairs of electrodes. A second difference between the first and second voltages is also measured. Current is applied between other electrodes axially disposed to exclude a third pair of electrodes therebetween, and a third voltage is measured between the third pair to determine characteristic impedance. Current is applied between the first electrode and a surface return electrode, a fourth voltage is measured between the first pair of electrodes, a fifth voltage is measured between the second pair of electrodes, an additional second difference of voltages between the fourth voltage and the fifth voltage is measured, and formation resistivity is determined by combining the first voltage, the second voltage, the third voltage, the fourth voltage, the fifth voltage, the current measurements, the second difference and the additional second difference of the voltages.
摘要翻译： 一种确定由具有导电套管的井身穿透的地层的电阻率的方法。 优选的实施例包括将探头插入井筒中，探头具有多个电极，其轴向间隔开的位置适于电接触壳体，在第一和第二电极之间施加电流并测量电流， 轴向设置在第一和第二电极之间的第一对电极之间的第一电压并且测量第二对电极之间的第二电压，其也轴向地设置在第一和第二电极之间并且设置在第一对电极的外部，以确定第二对电极之间的套管电阻 电极对。 还测量第一和第二电压之间的第二个差异。 电流被施加在轴向设置以排除其间的第三对电极的其他电极之间，并且在第三对之间测量第三电压以确定特性阻抗。 在第一电极和表面返回电极之间施加电流，在第一对电极之间测量第四电压，在第二对电极之间测量第五电压，在第四电压和第五电极之间测量额外的第二电压差 测量电压，并且通过组合第一电压，第二电压，第三电压，第四电压，第五电压，电流测量值，第二差值和附加的第二差值来确定地层电阻率。
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公开(公告)号：US09739904B2
公开(公告)日：2017-08-22
申请号：US14519817
申请日：2014-10-21
申请人： Otto N. Fanini , Mohamed Daoud
发明人： Otto N. Fanini , Mohamed Daoud
IPC分类号： G01V1/52 , G01S15/02 , G01S15/88 , G01V1/44 , G01S7/539 , G01S15/50 , G01S15/58 , G01S15/87 , E21B47/10
CPC分类号： G01V1/52 , E21B47/10 , G01S7/539 , G01S15/02 , G01S15/50 , G01S15/58 , G01S15/87 , G01S15/88 , G01V1/44 , G01V2001/526
摘要： An apparatus for estimating a fraction of each component of a fluid of interest flowing in a cased borehole and a property of the fluid includes an acoustic waveguide sensor having a waveguide configured to guide an acoustic signal along a waveguide path and an array of acoustic transducers coupled to the waveguide for transmitting and receiving an acoustic signal, the acoustic waveguide sensor being configured to transmit and receive a compression-wave acoustic signal that is reflected off of the casing and transmit and receive a shear-wave acoustic signal that propagates along the path. A controller is coupled to the waveguide sensor and configured to perform a compression-wave acoustic measurement on the fluid using the acoustic waveguide sensor in order to estimate the fraction of each component of the fluid and to perform a shear-wave acoustic measurement in order to estimate the property of the fluid.
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40.发明申请COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DOWNHOLE TOOLS AND A SURFACE PROCESSOR USING A NETWORK 有权使用网络的井下工具与表面处理器之间的通信公开(公告)号：US20160084076A1
公开(公告)日：2016-03-24
申请号：US14490298
申请日：2014-09-18
申请人： Otto N. Fanini , Harold Andrade
发明人： Otto N. Fanini , Harold Andrade
IPC分类号： E21B47/12
摘要： A system for communicating with subsurface components includes: a surface host connected to a subsurface location; a subsurface host connected to the surface host by a communication link, the subsurface host configured to communicate with the surface host using a communication protocol; and a plurality of tools configured to be disposed in a borehole, the plurality of downhole tools communicatively coupled to the subsurface host via a communication network. The communication network is divided into a plurality of network subsets, each network subset of the plurality of network subsets including one or more downhole tools, all of the one or more downhole tools configured to communicate using a common protocol, each network subset including a network device configured to receive data and translate the data to the common protocol, the common protocol of one network subset being different than the common protocol of at least one other network subset.
摘要翻译： 用于与地下部件通信的系统包括：连接到地下位置的表面主机; 通过通信链路连接到所述表面主机的地下主机，所述地下主机被配置为使用通信协议与所述表面主机进行通信; 以及被配置为设置在钻孔中的多个工具，所述多个井下工具通过通信网络通信地耦合到地下主机。 通信网络被分成多个网络子集，多个网络子集的每个网络子集包括一个或多个井下工具，所有一个或多个井下工具被配置为使用公共协议进行通信，每个网络子集包括网络 被配置为接收数据并将数据转换为公共协议的设备，一个网络子集的公共协议与至少一个其他网络子集的公共协议不同。
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