公开(公告)号：US4958928A

公开(公告)日：1990-09-25

申请号：US338265

申请日：1989-04-14

Applicant: Hubert Kuderer

Inventor： Hubert Kuderer

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/2803 ,  G01J1/44

Abstract: A photodiode array spectrometer comprises an arry (40) of photosensitive elements for receiving a beam of light. Light impinging on a photodiode causes discharging of the associated capacitors. The capacitors are recharged periodically by a charge amplifier via a video line (30) by closing transfer switches (SW1, . . . , SW 768) associated with the photosensitive elements, repectively. The switches are group together in several segments which are independently addressable such that during a recharge scan only selected groups of photodioldes are recharged. The information which segments are to be sctivated, i.e. which groups of switches are to be closed, is contained in a segment control block (43). An integration control block (46) additionally permits to adjust the time intervals between successive recharge cycles separately for each selected segment. The invention permits to select regions of interest of the photodiode array for a specific application, whereas other regions are ignored for that application, leading to a reduced data rate with high spectral resolution and sensitivity.

公开(公告)号：US4794351A

公开(公告)日：1988-12-27

申请号：US912802

申请日：1986-09-29

Applicant: Thomas E. Darcie

Inventor： Thomas E. Darcie

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G02F2/00 ,  H01S5/06 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/142 ,  H04B10/148 ,  H04B10/152 ,  H04B10/158 ,  H01S3/10 ,  G02F1/36 ,  H04B9/00

CPC classification number: G02F2/002 ,  H01S5/0608 ,  H04B10/60 ,  H01S5/50

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical upconverting or downconverting gain or loss modulating mixer and a receiver for subcarrier optical communication systems using this mixer. The optical mixer can be formed, for example, from an optical amplifier including a semiconductor laser chip comprising a p-n junction with an active region channel formed along the junction. An optical signal received from the communication system is directed into one end of the channel, and a combination of a D-C bias signal and a local oscillator signal is concurrently impressed on the chip to gain-modulate the received optical signal and produce an upconverted or downconverted output signal. In the receiver, the upconverted or downconverted output signal from the gain-modulated optical amplifier is detected by a photodetector, amplified if necessary, filtered and then demodulated before transmission to the output utilization device. A loss modulator provides similar optical mixing but does not provide a gain to the output signal.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种使用该混频器的光学上变频或下变频增益或损耗调制混频器和用于子载波光通信系统的接收机。 光学混合器可以由例如包括半导体激光器芯片的光放大器形成，该半导体激光器芯片包括具有沿该结形成的有源区通道的p-n结。 从通信系统接收到的光信号被引导到信道的一端，并且将DC偏置信号和本地振荡器信号的组合同时施加在芯片上以对接收的光信号进行增益调制，并产生上变频或下变频 输出信号。 在接收机中，来自增益调制光放大器的上变频或下变频输出信号由光电检测器检测，如果需要，被放大，滤波，然后在传输到输出利用装置之前进行解调。 损耗调制器提供类似的光学混合，但不提供对输出信号的增益。

公开(公告)号：US4692875A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-08

申请号：US623753

申请日：1984-06-22

Applicant: William D. Riley ,  Robert D. Brown, Jr.

Inventor： William D. Riley ,  Robert D. Brown, Jr.

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/71 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/30 ,  G06F15/46

CPC classification number: G01N21/71 ,  G01J2003/283

Abstract: To identify the composition of a metal alloy, sparks generated from the alloy are optically observed and spectrographically analyzed. The spectrographic data, in the form of a full-spectrum plot of intensity versus wavelength, provide the "signature" of the metal alloy. This signature can be compared with similar plots for alloys of known composition to establish the unknown composition by a positive match with a known alloy. An alternative method is to form intensity ratios for pairs of predetermined wavelengths within the observed spectrum and to then compare the values of such ratios with similar values for known alloy compositions, thereby to positively identify the unknown alloy composition.

Abstract translation: 为了确定金属合金的组成，从合金产生的火花被光学观察并进行光谱分析。 以强度对波长的全谱图的形式的光谱数据提供了金属合金的“特征”。 可以将该标记与已知组合的合金的类似图进行比较，以通过与已知合金的正匹配来建立未知组成。 替代方法是在所观察的光谱内形成预定波长对的强度比，然后将这些比值与已知合金组成的相似值进行比较，从而确定未知的合金组成。

公开(公告)号：US4630925A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-23

申请号：US437897

申请日：1982-11-01

Applicant: Norman H. Schiller ,  Robert R. Alfano

Inventor： Norman H. Schiller ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01J3/30

CPC classification number: G01N21/6408

Abstract: A temporal spectral photometer for use in obtaining spectral and temporal information simultaneously of an ultrafast pulse of luminescent light emitted from a sample upon excitation thereof includes an excitation section and a detection section. The excitation section includes a picosecond laser for exciting the sample to emit luminescent light and imaging optics for imaging the emitted light. The detection section includes a pin hole slit through which light from the imaging optics is admitted, a streak camera tube, an optical system including a grating for forming an image of the pin hole slit on the photocathode of the streak camera tube and at the same time dispersing the light admitted through the pin hole slit into its component wavelengths, a micrometer assembly mechanically coupled to the grating for selectively changing the wavelength region of dispersed light impinging on the photocathode, a video camera, a camera lens system for imaging the output image formed on the phosphor screen of the streak camera tube onto the input end of the video camera, a digital temporal analyzer coupled to the output of the video camera for digitizing and analyzing image information from the video camera and a video monitor coupled to the output of the temporal analyzer for displaying the analyzed data.

Abstract translation: 用于同时获得从样品发射的发光的超快脉冲的光谱和时间信息的时间光谱光度计包括激发部分和检测部分。 激发部分包括用于激发样品发射发光的皮秒激光器和用于成像发射光的成像光学元件。 检测部分包括一个针孔狭缝，来自成像光学元件的光通过该孔孔，条纹相机管，光学系统，包括用于在条形相机管的光电阴极上形成针孔狭缝的图像的光栅 将通过针孔狭缝进入的光的时间分散成其分量波长，将与光栅机械耦合的微米组件选择性地改变照射在光电阴极上的分散光的波长区域，摄像机，用于对输出图像成像的相机透镜系统 形成在条纹相机管的荧光屏上到摄像机的输入端，耦合到摄像机的输出的数字时间分析器，用于数字化和分析来自摄像机的图像信息，以及耦合到视频摄像机的输出的视频监视器 用于显示分析数据的时间分析器。

公开(公告)号：US4626102A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-02

申请号：US698847

申请日：1985-02-06

Applicant: Eckhard Storck ,  Ulrich Wolff

Inventor： Eckhard Storck ,  Ulrich Wolff

IPC: G02B27/09 ,  G02B27/58 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G02F1/33

CPC classification number: G02B27/0927 ,  G02B27/09 ,  G02B27/0972 ,  G02B27/0988 ,  G02B27/58

Abstract: A Bragg cell spectral analyzer with a prism expansion system for a laser beam, which has a Gaussian cross-sectional distribution of light intensity, is generally superimposed with stray light, and is conducted along a path through the system to a Bragg cell characterized by an aperture diaphragm being positioned in the path before the prism expansion system with the diameter of the aperture being selected to be larger than the half-width value of the Gaussian cross-sectional distribution. The prism expansion system only expands the laser beam to such a degree that the half-width value of the Gaussian cross-sectional distribution is smaller than the diameter of an aperture of the Bragg cell. As a result thereof, the diffraction side lobes of the spectrum can be reduced by apodization relative to the principal maximum of the spectrum and stray light contained in the laser beam can be blanked out.

Abstract translation: 具有激光束的棱镜膨胀系统的布拉格细胞光谱分析仪具有光强度的高斯横截面分布，通常与杂散光重叠，并且沿着通过该系统的路径传导到布拉格细胞，其特征在于， 孔径光阑位于棱镜膨胀系统之前的路径中，孔径的直径选择为大于高斯横截面分布的半角值。 棱镜扩展系统仅将激光束扩展到高斯截面分布的半值值小于布拉格单元孔径的直径的程度。 其结果是，可以通过相对于光谱的主要最大值的变迹来减少光谱的衍射侧波瓣，并且可以消除包含在激光束中的杂散光。

公开(公告)号：US4616210A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-07

申请号：US651188

申请日：1984-09-14

Applicant: Alan C. Ferber ,  Morteza M. Chamran, deceased

Inventor： Alan C. Ferber ,  Morteza M. Chamran, deceased

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  H03M1/00 ,  G01J3/06

CPC classification number: G01N21/274 ,  H03M1/0607

Abstract: In a spectrophotometer having an optical beam chopped into dark and light segments, a computer controlled system is described for determining background signal due to stray light, photomultiplier dark current, offsets of photometric amplifiers and other components, and the like and for subtracting this background signal from the overall signal so as to leave only the desired light measurement. The same computer system also sets the signal level automatically for highest resolution. Furthermore, the same computer acts as an analog to digital converter by successive approximation to supply the photometric signal to the microprocessor unit. Since the same components are involved in all these functions both analog and digital offsets of the components are automatically cancelled.

Abstract translation: 在具有切割成暗部和浅色段的光束的分光光度计中，描述了用于由于杂散光，光电倍增管，暗电流，光度放大器和其他部件的偏移等而确定背景信号的计算机控制系统，并且用于减去该背景信号 从整体信号，只留下所需的光测量。 相同的计算机系统也自动设置信号电平以获得最高分辨率。 此外，相同的计算机通过逐次逼近作为模数转换器，以将测光信号提供给微处理器单元。 由于所有这些功能都涉及相同的组件，所以组件的模拟和数字偏移都将被自动取消。

公开(公告)号：US4613233A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-23

申请号：US585066

申请日：1984-03-01

Applicant: James B. Wilson

Inventor： James B. Wilson

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G02B7/00 ,  G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/06

Abstract: A sine bar mechanism comprises an arm of radius R pivoted about an axis which is also the axis of a diffraction grating. An elongated member is pivotally mounted at one end, and is pivotally connected to the arm at its other end. The coordinates of the point at the pivotal mounting at one end of the member and the length of the elongated member are chosen to optimize the characteristics of the mechanism. Embodiments in which the elongated member comprises a lead screw and the pivotal connection comprises a nut pivotally attached to the arm and engaging the lead screw are described and their use in various types of monochromators are portrayed.

Abstract translation: 正弦杆机构包括围绕也是衍射光栅的轴线的轴线枢转的半径R的臂。 细长构件在一端枢转地安装，并且在其另一端枢转地连接到臂。 选择在构件的一端处的枢转安装处的点的坐标和细长构件的长度以优化机构的特性。 描述了细长构件包括导螺杆并且枢轴连接包括枢转地附接到臂并接合导螺杆的螺母的实施例，并且描绘了它们在各种类型的单色仪中的用途。

公开(公告)号：US4605306A

公开(公告)日：1986-08-12

申请号：US501902

申请日：1983-06-07

Applicant: Karoly Kaffka ,  Bela Nadai ,  Andras Czabaffy ,  Lorand Horvath

Inventor： Karoly Kaffka ,  Bela Nadai ,  Andras Czabaffy ,  Lorand Horvath

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/20

CPC classification number: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/20

Abstract: The invention relates to a grating monochromator for providing monochromatic radiation the wavelength of which is linearly proportional to a translation or rotation, said monochromator comprising an optical device including a reflection grating (1), an entrance slit (4) transmitting a beam onto the optical device, an exit slit (5) transmitting the beam reflected by the optical device, and a mechanism for moving the optical device and at least one of the slits (4,5) with respect to each other. Within said monochromator the moving mechanism is constructed so that in the course of the moving both the entrance slit (4) and the exit slit (5) are always positioned along a Rowland-circle (R) related to the optical device including the grating (1), and there is a transducer (42) producing an output signal corresponding to the current wavelength value, said transducer (42) being connected to a member (33) translating or rotating proportionally to a distance between a point (A) of the Rowland-circle (R) lying diametrically opposite to the optical device and said at least one slits (4,5). The moving mechanism expediently comprises means (41,33) for altering the distance between said point (A) of the Rowland-circle (R) lying diametrically opposite to the optical device and said at least one slit (4,5), and said member (33) translating or rotating proportionally to said distance is a part of said means.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于提供其波长与平移或旋转成线性比例的单色辐射的光栅单色仪，所述单色仪包括光学装置，该光学装置包括反射光栅（1），将光束传输到光学 传输由光学装置反射的光束的出射狭缝（5）和用于相对于彼此移动光学装置和至少一个狭缝（4,5）的机构。 在所述单色仪内，移动机构被构造成使得在移动过程中，入口狭缝（4）和出口狭缝（5）总是沿着与包括光栅的光学装置（R）有关的Rowland-Circle 1），并且存在产生对应于当前波长值的输出信号的换能器（42），所述换能器（42）连接到一个构件（33），该构件（33）成比例地平移或旋转到 位于与所述光学装置和所述至少一个狭缝（4,5）直径相对的罗兰圆圈（R）。 移动机构有利地包括用于改变与光学装置与所述至少一个狭缝（4,5）直径相对的罗兰圆（R）的所述点（A）之间的距离的装置（41,33）和所述 与所述距离成比例地平移或旋转的构件（33）是所述装置的一部分。

公开(公告)号：US4568186A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-04

申请号：US933574

申请日：1978-08-14

Applicant: Manabu Yoshimura ,  Tokuji Shibahara ,  Shigeki Kobayashi

Inventor： Manabu Yoshimura ,  Tokuji Shibahara ,  Shigeki Kobayashi

IPC: G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G06F17/00 ,  G01J3/06

CPC classification number: G01J3/28

Abstract: A spectrophotometer is provided for measuring and displaying an absorbance change as a function of time, a wavelength spectra, or an absorbance difference as a function of time between two specific wavelengths, which comprises a wavelength scanner for scanning through a plurality of wavelengths in a scan range, a wavelength reader for generating wavelength signals corresponding to the scanned wavelengths, photodetectors for detecting the light intensity of a scanned wavelength, an A-D converter for converting analog signals of a scanned wavelength to digital signals, a storage device for storing data generated from the A-D converter corresponding to each wavelength, an operational circuit for processing stored data, and display devices for displaying the processed data.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种分光光度计，用于测量和显示作为时间的函数的吸光度变化，波长光谱或作为两个特定波长之间的时间的函数的吸光度差异，其包括用于在扫描中扫描多个波长的波长扫描仪 范围，用于产生对应于扫描波长的波长信号的波长读取器，用于检测扫描波长的光强度的光电检测器，用于将扫描波长的模拟信号转换为数字信号的AD转换器，用于存储从扫描波长产生的数据的存储装置 AD转换器，用于处理存储数据的操作电路和用于显示处理数据的显示装置。

公开(公告)号：US4560276A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-24

申请号：US525414

申请日：1983-08-22

Applicant: Shigeyoshi Yoshioka

Inventor： Shigeyoshi Yoshioka

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/06

Abstract: A diffraction grating mounting device for a scanning monochromator comprising: a base member; a diffraction grating; a diffraction grating supporting axle which integrally supports the diffraction grating and is rotatably supported by the base member; a first arm fixed to the diffraction grating supporting axle at right angles thereto; a second arm which is swingably supported on the base member in uniplanar relation with the first arm; a link member which connects the first and the second arms at points equally apart from the rotational centers of the first and second arms, respectively, the distance between the points being equal to that between the rotational centers of the first and second arms; a cam follower axle fixed to the link member at right angles thereto; a cam having a linear driving portion and being provided at one end of a right circular cylinder; a motor for driving the cam; and means for biasing the link member of the first and second arms so as to make the cam follower axle contact the cam.

Abstract translation: 一种用于扫描单色仪的衍射光栅安装装置，包括：基底构件; 衍射光栅; 衍射光栅支撑轴，其一体地支撑衍射光栅并由基部构件可旋转地支撑; 固定在衍射光栅支承轴上的第一臂与其成直角; 第二臂，其与所述第一臂以单面关系可摆动地支撑在所述基座构件上; 连接构件，其分别在与第一和第二臂的旋转中心相等的点处连接第一和第二臂，点之间的距离等于第一和第二臂的旋转中心之间的距离; 凸轮从动轴，其与所述连杆构件成直角固定; 具有直线驱动部分并且设置在右圆柱体的一端的凸轮; 用于驱动凸轮的马达; 以及用于偏压第一和第二臂的连杆构件以使凸轮从动轴与凸轮接触的装置。