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    Multiple light paths architecture and obscuration methods for signal and perfusion index optimization
    21.
    发明授权
    Multiple light paths architecture and obscuration methods for signal and perfusion index optimization 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11536653B2

    公开(公告)日：2022-12-27

    申请号：US16144958

    申请日：2018-09-27

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Chin San Han ,  Ueyn Block ,  Brian R. Land ,  Nevzat Akin Kestelli ,  Serhan Isikman ,  Albert Wang ,  Justin Shi

    IPC: G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/55 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/024

    Abstract: A photoplethysmographic (PPG) device is disclosed. The PPG device can include one or more light emitters and one or more light sensors to generate the multiple light paths for measuring a PPG signal and perfusion indices of a user. The multiple light paths between each pair of light emitters and light detectors can include different separation distances to generate both an accurate PPG signal and a perfusion index value to accommodate a variety of users and usage conditions. In some examples, the multiple light paths can include the same separation distances for noise cancellation due to artifacts resulting from, for example, tilt and/or pull of the device, a user's hair, a user's skin pigmentation, and/or motion. The PPG device can further include one or more lenses and/or reflectors to increase the signal strength and/or and to obscure the optical components and associated wiring from being visible to a user's eye.

    Interlocking ceramic and optical members
    25.
    发明授权
    Interlocking ceramic and optical members 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10200516B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-02-05

    申请号：US14472230

    申请日：2014-08-28

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： David I. Nazzaro ,  Naoto Matsuyuki ,  Raul A. Molina ,  Fletcher R. Rothkopf ,  Chin San Han

    IPC: H04M1/26 ,  H05K5/02 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H04M1/02

    Abstract: Interlocking first member and optical members and methods of their manufacture. A component formed from an interlocking first member and optical member, where the first member includes a recess formed within a surface and the optical member is disposed in the recess. The recess of the first member may include a recess geometry and the optical member may include a member geometry that may correspond to the recess geometry. Additionally, the interlocking component formed from the first member and optical member may be formed by a coupling process. The coupling process may include sintering the first member and the optical member, bonding the optical member to the first member or providing a compression-load or fit between the first member and the optical member.

    Reflective surfaces for PPG signal detection
    28.
    发明授权
    Reflective surfaces for PPG signal detection 有权

    公开(公告)号：US12161447B2

    公开(公告)日：2024-12-10

    申请号：US16124792

    申请日：2018-09-07

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Chin San Han

    IPC: A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/026 ,  A61B5/0295 ,  A61B5/1455

    Abstract: Reflective surfaces for the apertures of PPG optical components in PPG systems is disclosed. In a PPG system or device, the addition of reflective surfaces around, under, or near the apertures of the optical components can enhance the amount of light received by the light detector. As a result, the measured PPG signal strength can be higher and more accurate compared to the same PPG device without reflective surfaces. The reflective surfaces can reflect and/or recycle light that is incident upon the reflective surfaces back into the skin for eventual capture of the light by the light detectors. In some examples, the reflective surfaces can be diffuse or specular reflectors and/or can be configured to selectively reflect one or more wavelengths of light. In some examples, the back crystal and/or component mounting plane of the PPG system can be made of the same material as the reflective surfaces.

    PPG sensor having light arrival angle control at detector
    30.
    发明授权
    PPG sensor having light arrival angle control at detector 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11627887B2

    公开(公告)日：2023-04-18

    申请号：US16904356

    申请日：2020-06-17

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Rui L. Peterson ,  Chin San Han

    IPC: A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/00

    Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to wearable devices and methods for measuring a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal. The wearable devices and methods described herein are capable of obtaining PPG signals by employing a PPG sensor array configured to receive light at angles associated with a high perfusion index. Viewing components may be coupled to the PPG sensor array to effect transmission of light at these preferential angles.

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