公开(公告)号：US5448158A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-05

申请号：US175648

申请日：1993-12-30

Applicant: Marc H. Ryat

Inventor： Marc H. Ryat

IPC: G05F3/26 ,  G05F3/16

CPC classification number: G05F3/267 ,  Y10S323/901

Abstract: A current source for producing a current that is proportional to absolute temperature (i.e., "PTAT") is disclosed. The current source is based upon a circuit having a pair of current mirrors, one based upon MOS transistors and the other based upon bipolar transistors, where each of two legs in the current source include the series connection of one of the MOS transistors with one of the bipolar transistors. Further included in the disclosed circuit is a series connection of three MOS startup transistors, useful in starting up the current source in a non-critical manner. A startup current source, sourcing a non-critical startup current, turns on one of the MOS startup transistors that is connected in current mirror fashion with the MOS transistor current mirror, turning on both current mirrors. As the output current increases, the current through the MOS startup transistors also increases, until equilibrium is achieved. Early effects in the bipolar transistor current mirror are eliminated by maintaining the gate-to-source voltage of the MOS transistors equal, without requiring cascode transistors, and thus maintaining low voltage operating capability.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于产生与绝对温度成比例的电流的电流源（即“PTAT”）。 电流源基于具有一对电流镜的电路，其一个基于MOS晶体管，另一个基于双极晶体管，其中电流源中的两个支路中的每一个包括MOS晶体管之一的串联连接， 双极晶体管。 所公开的电路中还包括三个MOS启动晶体管的串联连接，可用于以非关键方式启动电流源。 引起非临界启动电流的启动电流源导通以MOS电流反射镜连接的MOS启动晶体管之一，打开两个电流镜。 随着输出电流的增加，通过MOS启动晶体管的电流也增加，直到达到平衡。 通过保持MOS晶体管的栅极 - 源极电压相等而不需要共源共栅晶体管，从而保持低电压操作能力，可以消除双极晶体管电流镜中的早期效应。

公开(公告)号：US5293136A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-08

申请号：US946764

申请日：1992-09-17

Applicant: Marc H. Ryat

Inventor： Marc H. Ryat

IPC: H03F3/30 ,  H03F3/45

CPC classification number: H03F3/45278 ,  H03F3/3008 ,  H03F3/3032 ,  H03F3/45121 ,  H03F3/45179 ,  H03F3/45219 ,  H03F2203/45508

Abstract: A two-stage class-AB operational amplifier, that can be implemented either with bipolar or MOS transistors, includes a differential input circuit adapted to receive a differential input signal to produce an amplified differential output signal for application to first and second nodes. The differential input stage has a common-mode control circuit that produces first and second common-mode control voltages on the first and second nodes. The common-mode control voltages are combined with the amplified differential output signal on the first and second nodes to produce a first stage differential output signal. A high-swing output stage is connected to receive the first stage differential output signal. First and second current mirrors each have a mirror transistor to mirror an output current produced in response to the differential input signals on respective lines including the first and second nodes. The common-mode control circuit is in series with mirror transistors of the first and second current mirrors. A circuit clamps the first and second nodes at a voltage of 2V.sub.BE below the supply voltage, and clamps the voltage at the second node at a voltage of 2V.sub.BE above the reference potential, enabling the circuit to operate with improved power-supply rejection ratios.

Abstract translation: 可以用双极或MOS晶体管实现的两级AB类运算放大器包括差分输入电路，其适于接收差分输入信号以产生用于应用于第一和第二节点的放大的差分输出信号。 差分输入级具有在第一和第二节点上产生第一和第二共模控制电压的共模控制电路。 共模控制电压与第一和第二节点上放大的差分输出信号组合以产生第一级差分输出信号。 高摆幅输出级被连接以接收第一级差分输出信号。 第一和第二电流镜各自具有反射镜晶体管，以反映响应于包括第一和第二节点的相应线路上的差分输入信号而产生的输出电流。 共模控制电路与第一和第二电流镜的反射镜串联。 电路以低于电源电压的2VBE的电压钳位第一和第二节点，并将第二节点处的电压钳位在高于参考电位的2VBE的电压下，使电路能够以改进的电源抑制比工作。

公开(公告)号：US5446457A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-29

申请号：US197211

申请日：1994-02-16

Applicant: Marc H. Ryat

Inventor： Marc H. Ryat

IPC: H03M1/74 ,  H03M1/78

CPC classification number: H03M1/745

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter has a bias block that provides first and second voltage outputs, and a bit cell having a switch for selectively connecting either a first or a second summing node to a current flow path depending upon the state of a binary input signal. An output bipolar transistor and a current source are connected in series between a supply voltage and a reference potential. A first MOS transistor is connected in the current flow path with its gate connected to the bipolar transistor. A base current compensating second MOS transistor is connected between the supply voltage and a base of the output bipolar transistor with its gate connected to the first voltage output of the amplifier. A resistor is connected between the base of the output bipolar transistor and the second voltage output of the amplifier. When a plurality of bit stages are provided, the resistor of each of the plurality of bit cells is sized according to a position of its associated cell in the bit order. The resistors may be sized as a power of 2 according to a position of its associated cell in the bit order, or, except for a most significant bit cell may be sized 2 times larger than the resistor of the most significant bit cell, with a plurality of equally sized resistors connecting adjacent bit cells in an R-2R network.

Abstract translation: 数模转换器具有提供第一和第二电压输出的偏置块，以及具有用于根据二进制输入的状态选择性地将第一或第二求和节点连接到当前流路的开关的位单元 信号。 输出双极晶体管和电流源串联连接在电源电压和参考电位之间。 第一MOS晶体管连接在电流流动路径中，其栅极连接到双极晶体管。 基极电流补偿第二MOS晶体管连接在电源电压和输出双极晶体管的基极之间，其栅极连接到放大器的第一电压输出端。 输出双极晶体管的基极和放大器的第二电压输出端之间连接一个电阻。 当提供多个比特级时，根据比特顺序中其相关联的小区的位置来确定多个比特单元中的每一个的电阻器的大小。 根据位相关单元的位置，电阻器的大小可以是2的幂，或者除了最高有效位单元的大小比最高有效位单元的电阻大2倍之外，还可以使用 连接R-2R网络中的相邻位单元的多个相等尺寸的电阻器。

公开(公告)号：US5349304A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-20

申请号：US17672

申请日：1993-02-12

Applicant: Marc H. Ryat

Inventor： Marc H. Ryat

IPC: H03F3/45 ,  H03F3/345 ,  H03F3/50 ,  H03K5/00

CPC classification number: H03F3/45219 ,  H03F3/45076

Abstract: An operational amplifier input stage has at least two positive input transistors and one negative input transistor for providing more accurate and efficient limiting or rectification in limiter and rectifier circuits. The two positive input transistors are connected in parallel having a common drain connected to one side of a load and the negative input transistor's drain is connected to the other side of the load. The sources of all transistors are connected to a common node which is connected to a constant current source. This arrangement enables simplistic high accuracy limiting and rectifier circuits, having a reduced number of extrinsic components, thereby reducing unwanted speed limitations, to be realized. The operational amplifier input stage is also very useful in low supply circuit applications.

Abstract translation: 运算放大器输入级具有至少两个正输入晶体管和一个负输入晶体管，用于在限幅器和整流器电路中提供更精确和有效的限幅或整流。 两个正输入晶体管并联连接，其公共漏极连接到负载的一侧，负输入晶体管的漏极连接到负载的另一侧。 所有晶体管的源极连接到连接到恒定电流源的公共节点。 这种布置使得能够实现具有减少数量的外在分量的简化的高精度限制和整流器电路，从而减少不必要的速度限制。 运算放大器输入级在低电源电路应用中也非常有用。

公开(公告)号：US5323120A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-21

申请号：US472

申请日：1993-01-05

Applicant: Marc H. Ryat

Inventor： Marc H. Ryat

IPC: H03F3/45

CPC classification number: H03F3/45112 ,  H03F3/4521 ,  H03F3/4556 ,  H03F3/45708

Abstract: A differential input stage for an operational transconductance amplifier is provided with complementary input transistor pairs. For each pair, a diode dummy load is provided. When the common mode input signal is near the positive or negative supply voltage, one of the pairs turns off. The diode loads act to increase the current through the other pair when this occurs. This results in the provision of a constant transconductance over the entire common mode input range.

Abstract translation: 用于运算跨导放大器的差分输入级具有互补输入晶体管对。 对于每一对，提供二极管虚拟负载。 当共模输入信号接近正或负电源电压时，其中一对关断。 当这种情况发生时，二极管负载起到增加另一对电流的作用。 这导致在整个共模输入范围内提供恒定跨导。

公开(公告)号：US5294892A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-15

申请号：US946765

申请日：1992-09-17

Applicant: Marc H. Ryat

Inventor： Marc H. Ryat

IPC: H03F3/30 ,  H03F3/45

CPC classification number: H03F3/45179 ,  H03F3/3008 ,  H03F3/3028 ,  H03F3/45121 ,  H03F3/45192 ,  H03F3/45219 ,  H03F3/45654 ,  H03F2203/45508

Abstract: An operational amplifier having a differential signal input and an output has an input stage comprising a differential amplifier having a differential signal input and a differential signal output. The differential amplifier includes a first pair of transistors of opposite conductivity type having control elements connected to receive one side of the differential signal input, and second and third pairs of transistors of opposite conductivity type having control elements connected to receive another side of the differential signal input. The differential output of the differential amplifier is developed by outputs of the second and third pairs of transistors. A high-swing output section is connected to receive the differential signal output directly from the input stage. The differential amplifier has first and second current sources connected respectively between transistors of the first, second and third transistor pairs of a first conductivity type and a voltage supply, and between transistors of the first, second and third transistor pairs of a second conductivity type and a reference potential. A summing circuit is also provided in the input stage for summing the currents in the first, second, and third transistor pairs to produce the differential output of the input stage. The operational amplifier can be constructed of either bipolar or MOS transistors. One embodiment of the circuit provides an improved power supply rejection ratio through the use of current mirrors in a differential summing circuit to maintain output nodes of the input circuit at voltages within 2V.sub.BE of the supply voltage and reference potential, or ground.

Abstract translation: 具有差分信号输入和输出的运算放大器具有输入级，其包括具有差分信号输入和差分信号输出的差分放大器。 差分放大器包括具有相反导电类型的第一对晶体管，其具有连接到接收差分信号输入的一侧的控制元件，以及具有连接以接收差分信号的另一侧的相反导电类型的第二和第三对晶体管 输入。 差分放大器的差分输出由第二和第三对晶体管的输出开发。 连接高摆幅输出部分，以直接从输入级接收差分信号输出。 差分放大器具有第一和第二电流源，第一和第二电流源分别连接在第一导电类型和电压源的第一，第二和第三晶体管对的晶体管之间，以及第二导电类型的第一，第二和第三晶体管对的晶体管之间，以及 参考潜力。 在输入级中还提供求和电路，用于对第一，第二和第三晶体管对中的电流进行求和以产生输入级的差分输出。 运算放大器可以由双极或MOS晶体管构成。 电路的一个实施例通过在差分求和电路中使用电流镜来提供改进的电源抑制比，以将输入电路的输出节点维持在电源电压和参考电位或地电位的2VBE内的电压。