Abstract:
An integrated process for the production of ethanol from woody plant material is provided, the process comprising: contacting a continuous flow of the plant material with a counter-current continuous flow of an aqueous ethanol solution at elevated temperature and pressure to provide plant material depleted of lignin; removing ethanol from the lignin-depleted plant material; contacting a continuous flow of the lignin-depleted plant material with water at elevated temperature and pressure to solubilize xylose within the plant material; and hydrolyzing cellulose present in the plant material to form glucose, which in turn is fermented to produce ethanol.
Abstract:
An apparatus for detecting a phase of an input signal includes: a phase detector unit for detecting the phase of the input signal referring to a plurality of clock signals having different phases and for outputting a plurality of phase detection results, wherein each of the phase detection results represents a candidate phase of the input signal and corresponds to one of the clock signals; and a phase decision unit, coupled to the phase detector unit, for determining the phase of the input signal according to the phase detection results.
Abstract:
An integrated process for the production of ethanol from woody plant material is provided, the process comprising: contacting a continuous flow of the plant material with a counter-current continuous flow of an aqueous ethanol solution at elevated temperature and pressure to provide plant material depleted of lignin; removing ethanol from the lignin-depleted plant material; contacting a continuous flow of the lignin-depleted plant material with water at elevated temperature and pressure to solubilize xylose within the plant material; and hydrolyzing cellulose present in the plant material to form glucose, which in turn is fermented to produce ethanol.
Abstract:
This application discloses plant polynucleotide sequences encoding polypeptide regulators of plant growth and reproduction, and their methods of use.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an environment-friendly manganese brass alloy, which comprises 55˜65 wt % of Cu, 1.0˜6.5 wt % of Mn, 0.2˜3.0 wt % of Al, 0˜3.0 wt % of Fe, 0.3˜2.0 wt % of Sn, 0.01˜0.3 wt % of Mg, 0˜0.3 wt % of Bi and/or 0˜0.2 wt % of Pb, the balance being Zn and unavoidable impurities. The alloys not only have superior mechanical properties, castability, cutability and corrosion resistance, especially stress corrosion resistance properties, but also have the advantages of low manufacturing costs and simple manufacturing process etc, which is suitable for making components through forging, casting, cutting and other manufacturing methods, especially suitable for making water tap bodies and valves through forging, casting and cutting processes.
Abstract:
In one aspect, a process for treating woody plant material is provided, the process involving contacting the plant material with a continuous flow of an aqueous ethanol solution at elevated temperature and pressure under conditions that promote extraction of ethanol-soluble lignin from the plant material and retention of hemicellulose sugars, xylose and cellulose in the treated plant material solids. In another aspect, a process for extracting hemicellulose sugars from lignin-depleted plant material solids is provided, the process involving contacting lignin-depleted plant material with water at elevated temperature and pressure under conditions that promote extraction of hemicellulose sugars from the plant material; and recovering hemicellulose sugars from the liquid mixture.
Abstract:
A light emitting diode (LED) lamp. Brightness of the LED lamp is controlled by a dimmer and an external alternating current (AC) source is received via the dimmer. The LED lamp includes at least one LED, a rectifying-modulating-driving apparatus and a current holding compensator. The rectifying-modulating-driving apparatus is coupled between the LED and the dimmer for bridge-rectifying and modulating an AC source with a conducting angle from the dimmer to drive the LED. The current holding compensator is coupled to the rectifying-modulating-driving apparatus to provide a compensation current when the AC source with the conducting angle is lower than a voltage after being bridge-rectified.
Abstract:
Methods for producing genetically modified plants of the Eucalyptus species particularly Eucalyptus grandis, are provided. The methods involve transformation of internode stem segments with a desired genetic construct using Agrobacterium-mediated techniques and regeneration of the transformed plant material. Preferred culture media, including selection media, and improved plant culture techniques are disclosed.