摘要:
A low cost small-scale tunable X-ray source, comprising a spherical-electron injected inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device. Within a spherical containment vessel (402) recirculatory focusing electrons are accelerated by a spherical grid (401) within the vessel, and cause electron—electron collisions in a dense, central plasma core region (404) of the sphere. The IEC synchrotron source (IEC-SS) in a mechanism for generating tunable X-ray radiation is essentially equivalent to that for conventional synchrotron sources. The IEC-SS operates at a much lower electron energy ( 200 Mev in a synchrotron), but still gives the same X-ray energy due to the small-scale bending radius associated with the electron—electron interactions. The X-rays can be filtered for particular purposes using diffraction gratings, prisms or the like.
摘要:
A high-perveance steady state deuterium ion gun was developed using a magnetic-index resonator in an Inductive Coupling Radio Frequency (ICRF) configuration. This approach made it feasible to generate an ion beam within millimeter dimensions extracted by negative potential placed at several centimeters from the exit of the ion source. The ion gun allows high extraction efficiency and low beam divergence as compared to other approaches.
摘要:
Preferred electrode devices (10) including a substrate (11) and cathode (13) and anode material (12) coated thereon in discreet locations are described. The cathode materials desirably include multiple layers of thin metal films (14). Preferred cell devices including conductive elements and a solid state source of charged ions for migration into and through the conductive elements are also described.
摘要:
Described are preferred multilayer, thin-film electrodes (11) that have improved resistance to flaking or cracking under conditions of operation. Also described are electrolytic cells (17) incorporating such electrodes (11), and methods for selecting electrode materials to facilitate reaction rates, energy production, and/or to shift the average mass number of transmuted products to lighter or heavier values. Preferred electrodes (11) have a plurality of thin-film conductive layers (14) supported on generally concave surfaces (13).
摘要:
There is provided a direct nuclear pumped gas laser in which the lasing mechanism is collisional radiated recombination of ions. The gas laser active medium is a mixture of the gases, with one example being neon and nitrogen.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a gamma-electric cell for producing a high-output voltage from a source of radiation wherein the gamma-electric cell includes a central collector constructed of a dense metal and with the central collector encapsulated within an outer layer of dielectric material. A further conductive layer is then disposed on or within the dielectric material so as to provide for a high voltage output between the conductive layer and the central collector upon the reception of radiation by the gamma-electric cell. The invention also includes the use of a plurality of collectors radiating from the central collector throughout the dielectric material so as to increase the collection area and thereby increase the current and/or output voltage. Other aspects of the invention are directed to the method of producing a high voltage output gammaelectric cell by encapsulation techniques using a dielectric material which is castable and curable so as to provide for an intimate contact between the collectors and the dielectric material which surrounds and encapsulates the collectors. Other aspects of the method of encapsulation of the present invention include the use of specific dielectric materials and also the elimination of trapped gases within the dielectric material.