公开(公告)号：US06415080B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-02

申请号：US09628774

申请日：2000-07-29

Applicant: Andrew D. Sappey ,  Gerry Murphy

Inventor： Andrew D. Sappey ,  Gerry Murphy

IPC: G02B634

CPC classification number: G02B6/29308 ,  G02B5/1861 ,  G02B6/2931 ,  G02B6/29361 ,  G02B6/29373 ,  G02B6/2938

Abstract: A dense wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer (“DWDM”) for use in optical communication systems includes a multiplex optical waveguide propagating a plurality of optical channels of a select channel spacing multiplexed as a single optical signal within a select near infrared wavelength range. A collimating/focusing optic is optically coupled to the multiplex optical waveguide at a select focal length. A reflective echelle grating is optically coupled to the collimating/focusing optic. The echelle grating has a groove spacing and blaze angle providing a channel spacing of the multiplexed optical signal at the select focal length for a select order of diffraction. A linear array of single channel waveguides, each propagating a single channel within the near infrared wavelength range is optically coupled to the collimating/focusing optic. Each optical single channel waveguide has a center and a propagating end and the propagating ends are spaced the focal length from the collimating/focusing optic and the centers of adjacent demultiplexed waveguides are spaced the select channel spacing.

Abstract translation: 用于光通信系统的密集波长多路复用器/解复用器（“DWDM”）包括多路复用光波导，其在选择的近红外波长范围内传播多路复用的选择信道的多个光信道作为单个光信号。 准直/聚焦光学器件以选择焦距光耦合到多路复用光波导。 光学耦合到准直/聚焦光学元件。 扇形光栅具有凹槽间距和闪耀角度，以提供选择焦距处的多路复用光信号的通道间隔，用于选择衍射级。 每个在近红外波长范围内传播单个通道的单通道波导的线性阵列与准直/聚焦光学器件光耦合。 每个光学单通道波导具有中心和传播端，并且传播端与准直/聚焦光学元件隔开焦距，并且相邻解复用波导的中心间隔选择通道间隔。

公开(公告)号：US06400509B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-04

申请号：US09675768

申请日：2000-09-29

Applicant: Andrew D. Sappey ,  Bernhard W. Bach

Inventor： Andrew D. Sappey ,  Bernhard W. Bach

IPC: G02B518

CPC classification number: G02B5/1861 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: A diffraction grating for use in multiplexing and demultiplexing optical signals in optical communication systems having reduced polarization sensitivity has a plurality of grooves including reflective step surfaces and transverse riser surfaces separated by a flat. The step surfaces have a reflective coating and the riser surfaces do not have a reflective coating. A method of making a reflective diffraction grating includes forming a plurality of grooves in a substrate, the grooves having a step surface for reflecting an incident beam, a transverse riser and a flat therebetween and providing a reflective coating on the steps and not on the risers.

Abstract translation: 用于具有降低的偏振灵敏度的光通信系统中的光信号的复用和解复用的衍射光栅具有多个凹槽，包括由平面隔开的反射台阶表面和横向立管表面。 台阶表面具有反射涂层，并且提升板表面不具有反射涂层。 制造反射衍射光栅的方法包括在衬底中形成多个凹槽，所述凹槽具有用于反射入射光束的台阶表面，横向上升器和平板，并且在台阶上提供反射涂层，而不是在立管上 。

公开(公告)号：US20120140234A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-07

申请号：US13389902

申请日：2010-08-10

Applicant: Bernard Patrick Masterson ,  James Howell ,  Henrik Hofvander ,  Andrew D. Sappey

Inventor： Bernard Patrick Masterson ,  James Howell ,  Henrik Hofvander ,  Andrew D. Sappey

IPC: G01N21/55

CPC classification number: F02C7/00 ,  F23N5/003 ,  F23N2025/16 ,  F23N2041/20 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2201/084 ,  Y02T50/67

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for measuring combustion parameters in the measurement zone of a gas turbine engine. The measurement zone is defined as being between an outer casing and an engine component having a reflecting surface inside the outer casing. The apparatus comprises a laser generating a transmitting beam of light of a select wavelength and a multimode transmitting fiber optically coupled to the laser. A transmitting optic is optically coupled to the multimode optical fiber for transmitting the beam into the measurement zone. The reflecting surface is configured to provide a Lambertian reflection. A receiving optic is positioned to receive the Lambertian reflection. Means are provided in operative association with the multimode transmitting fiber for averaging modal noise induced signal level variation of light propagating within the multimode transmitting fiber.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量燃气涡轮发动机的测量区域中的燃烧参数的装置和方法。 测量区域被定义为在外壳和在外壳内具有反射表面的发动机部件之间。 该装置包括产生选择波长的发射光束的激光器和与激光器光耦合的多模发送光纤。 传输光学器件光耦合到多模光纤以将光束传输到测量区域中。 反射表面被配置为提供朗伯反射。 接收光学器件被定位成接收朗伯反射。 提供与多模发送光纤操作关联的装置，用于平均在多模发送光纤内传播的光的模态噪声感应信号电平变化。

公开(公告)号：US20100241361A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-23

申请号：US12600034

申请日：2008-05-23

Applicant: Henrik Hofvander ,  Andrew D. Sappey ,  James Howell ,  Qingchun Zhao

Inventor： Henrik Hofvander ,  Andrew D. Sappey ,  James Howell ,  Qingchun Zhao

IPC: G06F19/00 ,  G01N31/00 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01K11/125 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/1787 ,  G01N2021/3513

Abstract: A method of absorption spectroscopy including obtaining absorption data at multiple wavelengths along more than one line-of-sight path through a quantity of gas of interest. The method further includes identifying more than one temperature and gas species concentration bin along the multiple line-of-sight paths and creating a map of temperature and gas species concentration. The map thus created will have at least two-dimensional information derived from select temperature and gas species concentration bins identified along more than one line-of-sight path. Apparatus for implementing the above method is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 一种吸收光谱学方法，包括通过一定数量的感兴趣的气体沿着多于一条视线路径获得多个波长的吸收数据。 该方法还包括沿着多条视线路径识别多于一个的温度和气体种类浓度仓，并创建温度和气体种类浓度的图。 由此创建的地图将具有至少二维信息，该二维信息源自沿多于一条视线路径识别的选定温度和气体种类浓度箱。 还公开了用于实现上述方法的装置。

公开(公告)号：US07389027B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-17

申请号：US11782481

申请日：2007-07-24

Applicant: Andrew D. Sappey ,  James Howell ,  Henrik Hofvander ,  Bernard Patrick Masterson

Inventor： Andrew D. Sappey ,  James Howell ,  Henrik Hofvander ,  Bernard Patrick Masterson

IPC: G02B6/26

CPC classification number: G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0237 ,  G01J3/024 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01J3/0297 ,  G01J3/108 ,  G01J3/1809 ,  G01J5/601 ,  G01J2003/104 ,  G01J2003/423 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  G02B6/14

Abstract: A pitch side optical system for use in diode laser spectroscopy consisting of more than one diode laser having select lasing frequencies with each diode laser being coupled to an end of a distinct input optical fiber. The pitch side optical system further consists of a multiplexer optically coupled to the other end of less than all of the input optical fibers with the multiplexer outputting multiplexed laser light to a pitch side optical fiber. The pitch side optical system further consists of a coupler optically coupled to the far end of the pitch side optical fiber and the far end of an unmultiplexed input optical fiber with the coupler combining the multiplexed laser light and the unmultiplexed laser light and outputting the combined light to a transmission optical fiber. Typically, the coupler is located near the combustion process. The pitch side optical system further consists of a pitch optic coupled to the transmission optical fiber. Typically, all optical fibers used in the pitch side optical system are single mode optical fibers.

Abstract translation: 用于二极管激光光谱的俯仰侧光学系统，其由具有选择的激光频率的多于一个的二极管激光器组成，每个二极管激光器耦合到不同的输入光纤的端部。 音调侧光学系统还包括多路复用器，其光耦合到少于所有输入光纤的另一端，多路复用器将多路复用的激光输出到音调侧光纤。 俯仰侧光学系统还包括光耦合到俯仰侧光纤的远端的耦合器和未复用输入光纤的远端，耦合器组合复用的激光和未复用的激光，并输出组合的光 传输光纤。 通常，耦合器位于燃烧过程附近。 俯仰侧光学系统还包括耦合到传输光纤的俯仰光学器件。 通常，在俯仰侧光学系统中使用的所有光纤都是单模光纤。

公开(公告)号：US07248755B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-24

申请号：US10543288

申请日：2004-03-31

Applicant: Andrew D Sappey ,  James Howell ,  Henrick Hofvander ,  Bernard Patrick Masterson

Inventor： Andrew D Sappey ,  James Howell ,  Henrick Hofvander ,  Bernard Patrick Masterson

IPC: G02B6/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0237 ,  G01J3/024 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01J3/0297 ,  G01J3/108 ,  G01J3/1809 ,  G01J5/601 ,  G01J2003/104 ,  G01J2003/423 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  G02B6/14

Abstract: A sensing apparatus consisting of more than one diode laser having select lasing frequencies, a multiplexer optically coupled to the outputs of the diode lasers with the multiplexer being further optically coupled to a pitch side optical fiber. Multiplexed laser light is transmitted through the pitch side optical fiber to a pitch optic operatively associated with a process chamber which may be a combustion chamber or the boiler of a coal or gas fired power plant. The pitch optic is oriented to project multiplexed laser output through the process chamber. Also operatively oriented with the process chamber is a catch optic in optical communication with the pitch optic to receive the multiplexed laser output projected through the process chamber. The catch optic is optically coupled to an optical fiber which transmits the multiplexed laser output to a demultiplexer. The demultiplexer demultiplexes the laser light and optically couples the select lasing frequencies of light to a detector with the detector being sensitive to one of the select lasing frequencies.

Abstract translation: 由多于一个具有选择的激光频率的二极管激光器组成的感测装置，多路复用器光学耦合到二极管激光器的输出端，多路复用器进一步光耦合到俯仰侧光纤。 多路复用激光通过俯仰侧光纤传输到与可以是燃烧室或煤或燃气发电厂的锅炉的处理室可操作地连接的俯仰光学器件。 俯仰光学器件定向成投影通过处理室的多路复用激光输出。 还与操作室一起操作地定向的是与俯仰光学器件光学通信的接收光学器件，以接收通过处理室投射的多路复用的激光输出。 捕捉光学器件光耦合到将多路复用的激光输出传输到解复用器的光纤。 解复用器解复用激光并将选择的激光频率光耦合到检测器，检测器对选择的激光频率之一敏感。

公开(公告)号：US06421481B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US09675276

申请日：2000-09-29

Applicant: Andrew D. Sappey

Inventor： Andrew D. Sappey

IPC: G02B634

CPC classification number: G02B6/29308 ,  G02B5/1861 ,  G02B6/2552 ,  G02B6/2931 ,  G02B6/29373 ,  G02B6/2938 ,  G02B6/29395

Abstract: A (de)multiplexer for use in optical communications systems includes a diffraction grating optically coupled between a multiplex optical waveguide and a plurality of single channel optical waveguides for diffracting an optical signal between a receiving/transmitting end of the multiplex optical waveguide and a receiving/transmitting end of the single channel optical waveguide. The diffraction grating has al least two surfaces optically coupled to the waveguides. Each of the surfaces is angularly displaced relative to one another a select amount such that a portion of the optical signal diffracted by each surface is offset the direction of dispersion relative to the portions of the optical signal diffracted by the other surfaces to broaden the transmission band. A method for broadening The transmission band of a (de)multiplexer includes dividing the diffraction grating into distinct surfaces and angularly displacing the surfaces relative to one another a select amount such that a portion of the optical signal diffracted by each surface is offset in a direction of dispersion.

Abstract translation: 用于光通信系统的（de）多路复用器包括光耦合在多路光波导和多个单通道光波导之间的衍射光栅，用于在多路光波导的接收/发送端和接收/ 发射单通道光波导端。 衍射光栅具有光耦合到波导的至少两个表面。 每个表面相对于彼此成角度地移位选择量，使得由每个表面衍射的光信号的一部分相对于由其它表面衍射的光信号的部分偏离散射方向，以扩大透射带 。 一种扩展方法（de）多路复用器的传输频带包括将衍射光栅划分成不同的表面，并使表面相对于彼此成角度地移位选择量，使得由每个表面衍射的光信号的一部分在方向上偏移 的分散。

公开(公告)号：US5738101A

公开(公告)日：1998-04-14

申请号：US588171

申请日：1996-01-18

Applicant: Andrew D. Sappey

Inventor： Andrew D. Sappey

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G02F1/35 ,  A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/0059 ,  G02F1/3536

Abstract: Optical imaging through turbid media is demonstrated using a degenerate four-wave mixing correlation time gate. An apparatus and method for detecting ballistic and/or snake light while rejecting unwanted diffusive light for imaging structures within highly scattering media are described. Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) of a doubled YAG laser in rhodamine 590 is used to provide an ultrafast correlation time gate to discriminate against light that has undergone multiple scattering and therefore has lost memory of the structures within the scattering medium. Images have been obtained of a test cross-hair pattern through highly turbid suspensions of whole milk in water that are opaque to the naked eye, which demonstrates the utility of DFWM for imaging through turbid media. Use of DFWM as an ultrafast time gate for the detection of ballistic and/or snake light in optical mammography is discussed.

Abstract translation: 使用简并四波混合相关时间门来证明通过混浊介质的光学成像。 描述了一种用于检测弹道和/或蛇形光的装置和方法，同时排除用于高散射介质内的成像结构的不期望的漫射光。 罗丹明590中的双重YAG激光器的简化四波混频（DFWM）用于提供超快相关时间门，以区分已经经历多次散射的光，因此已经失去了散射介质内结构的记忆。 已经通过对肉眼不透明的水中全脂牛奶的高度混浊的悬浮液获得测试交叉图案的图像，这表明DFWM用于通过混浊介质成像。 讨论了使用DFWM作为超快时间门来检测光学乳腺X线照相术中的弹道和/或蛇形光。

公开(公告)号：US08786857B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-22

申请号：US13389902

申请日：2010-08-10

Applicant: Bernard Patrick Masterson ,  James Howell ,  Henrik Hofvander ,  Andrew D. Sappey

Inventor： Bernard Patrick Masterson ,  James Howell ,  Henrik Hofvander ,  Andrew D. Sappey

IPC: G01N21/00 ,  F23N5/08

CPC classification number: F02C7/00 ,  F23N5/003 ,  F23N2025/16 ,  F23N2041/20 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2201/084 ,  Y02T50/67

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for measuring combustion parameters in the measurement zone of a gas turbine engine. The measurement zone is defined as being between an outer casing and an engine component having a reflecting surface inside the outer casing. The apparatus comprises a laser generating a transmitting beam of light of a select wavelength and a multimode transmitting fiber optically coupled to the laser. A transmitting optic is optically coupled to the multimode optical fiber for transmitting the beam into the measurement zone. The reflecting surface is configured to provide a Lambertian reflection. A receiving optic is positioned to receive the Lambertian reflection. Means are provided in operative association with the multimode transmitting fiber for averaging modal noise induced signal level variation of light propagating within the multimode transmitting fiber.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量燃气涡轮发动机的测量区域中的燃烧参数的装置和方法。 测量区域被定义为在外壳和在外壳内具有反射表面的发动机部件之间。 该装置包括产生选择波长的发射光束的激光器和与激光器光耦合的多模发送光纤。 传输光学器件光耦合到多模光纤以将光束传输到测量区域中。 反射表面被配置为提供朗伯反射。 接收光学器件被定位成接收朗伯反射。 提供与多模发送光纤操作关联的装置，用于平均在多模发送光纤内传播的光的模态噪声感应信号电平变化。

公开(公告)号：US08699011B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-15

申请号：US13696630

申请日：2011-05-10

Applicant: Henrik Hofvander ,  Bernard P Masterson ,  Andrew D Sappey ,  James Howell ,  David Owenby ,  Lee Sutherland ,  Michael J Estes

Inventor： Henrik Hofvander ,  Bernard P Masterson ,  Andrew D Sappey ,  James Howell ,  David Owenby ,  Lee Sutherland ,  Michael J Estes

IPC: G01N21/90 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01J5/0014 ,  G01J3/4338 ,  G01J5/601 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01L23/16 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/399

Abstract: A method of absorption spectroscopy to determine a rapidly variable gas parameter. The method includes transmitting light from a synchronization light source to a synchronization detector. The transmitted light is periodically interrupted by a moving mechanical part between the synchronization light source and synchronization detector. The output from the synchronization detector is used to generate a repeating time signal having variable phase delay. This signal is used to control the timing of laser spectroscopy wavelength scans. Multiple spectroscopic scans may be repeated at multiple selected time signal phase delay and the results averaged for each phase. Apparatus for implementing the above methods are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 用于确定快速变化的气体参数的吸收光谱法的方法。 该方法包括将光从同步光源传输到同步检测器。 透射光被同步光源和同步检测器之间的移动机械部分周期性地中断。 来自同步检测器的输出用于产生具有可变相位延迟的重复时间信号。 该信号用于控制激光光谱波长扫描的时序。 可以在多个选定的时间信号相位延迟下重复多个光谱扫描，并且每个相位的平均结果。 还公开了用于实现上述方法的装置。