公开(公告)号：US3987306A

公开(公告)日：1976-10-19

申请号：US632121

申请日：1975-11-14

Applicant: David Preston Simpson

Inventor： David Preston Simpson

IPC: C02F1/32 ,  H01J13/50 ,  H01J61/28 ,  H01J61/82 ,  G21K5/00

CPC classification number: H01J61/82 ,  C02F1/325 ,  H01J13/50 ,  H01J61/28 ,  H01J2893/0088

Abstract: A method of producing U.V. radiation by effecting an electrical discharge such that at least a part of the discharge path is submerged in water. An apparatus for performing the above method comprises two electrodes spaced apart to form a discharge region, a discharge chamber containing the discharge region, means arranged to apply a high voltage across the electrodes, and means arranged to supply water to the discharge region such that at least a part of the electrical discharge is submerged in the water, at least a portion of the discharge chamber being transparent to U.V. radiation. Also, a method of treating a material comprising producing U.V. radiation as described above in a discharge chamber at least a portion of which is U.V. transparent, passing the material through a treatment chamber adjacent the transparent portion of the discharge chamber; and an apparatus for performing the method of treating a material. In some described embodiments the position of an electrode is adjusted in dependence upon the electrical characteristics of the discharge such as to maintain predetermined conditions. In one embodiment an electrode is mounted in the bottom of the discharge chamber which forms the other electrode; water covers the electrode and has a controlled circulatory motion such as to control the height of water over the electrode and thus the submerged discharge path. In another embodiment one of the electrodes is formed by a layer of mercury; an initiating discharge between a third electrode and the mercury or the other electrode to establish a degree of ionisation of the mercury in the vicinity of the discharge region. The main discharge excites the mercury vapour resulting in radiation at 254 nm.

Abstract translation: 一种生产紫外线的方法 通过进行放电使得排放路径的至少一部分浸没在水中来进行辐射。 用于执行上述方法的装置包括间隔开以形成放电区域的两个电极，包含放电区域的放电室，布置成跨越电极施加高电压的装置，以及用于向放电区域供水的装置， 放电的至少一部分浸没在水中，放电室的至少一部分对UV是透明的 辐射。 另外，一种处理包括生产紫外线的材料的方法 在上述放电室中的至少一部分为紫外线的辐射。 使材料通过与排放室的透明部分相邻的处理室; 以及用于执行材料处理方法的装置。 在一些描述的实施例中，根据放电的电特性来调整电极的位置，以保持预定的条件。 在一个实施例中，电极安装在形成另一电极的放电室的底部; 水覆盖电极并具有受控的循环运动，以便控制电极上的水的高度，从而控制浸没的排出路径。 在另一个实施例中，电极之一由一层汞形成; 在第三电极和汞或另一电极之间引发放电，以在放电区域附近建立汞的离子化程度。 主放电激发汞蒸汽，导致254nm的辐射。

公开(公告)号：US4085170A

公开(公告)日：1978-04-18

申请号：US675415

申请日：1976-04-09

Applicant: David Preston Simpson ,  James Lawton

Inventor： David Preston Simpson ,  James Lawton

IPC: B01D11/02 ,  B01D11/04 ,  B01D47/02 ,  B01D53/18 ,  B01F3/04 ,  B01F13/00 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J19/08 ,  C02F1/34 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/48 ,  C02F3/12 ,  G10K15/06

CPC classification number: C02F3/1284 ,  B01D11/02 ,  B01D11/0419 ,  B01D11/0465 ,  B01D53/18 ,  B01F13/0001 ,  B01F3/04978 ,  B01J19/088 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C02F1/48 ,  G10K15/06 ,  B01J2219/0894 ,  C02F1/34 ,  C02F1/4608 ,  Y02W10/15 ,  Y10S261/48

Abstract: The contact area between a first phase of a multi-phase system and a liquid second phase of the system is increased by effecting transient electrical discharges between electrodes immersed in the liquid second phase or in a volume of liquid in acoustic communication with the liquid second phase. The first phase can be in the form of a particulate solid, a gas, or a liquid of lower density than that of the second phase. The first phase is mingled with the second phase by a bubbling technique where the first phase has a lower density than the second phase. The hydraulic shock waves produced by the electrical discharges disperse the bubbles or particles of the first phase in the liquid second phase and thus increase the contact area between the phases.When the electrodes are immersed in a volume of liquid separate from but in acoustic communication with said liquid second phase, these liquids are separated by means of an acoustically transmissive membrane formed from a thin film of stainless steel or from rubber selected such that the product of density (.rho.) and velocity of propagation of sound waves (c) is matched to those of the liquids separated by the membrane.The spacing between the electrodes is adjusted in response to a sensed parameter of the electrical discharges such as to maintain the sensed parameter constant.

Abstract translation: 多相系统的第一相和系统的液体第二相之间的接触面积通过在浸没在液体第二相中的电极之间或与液体第二相声学连通的液体体积中的瞬时放电而增加 。 第一相可以是比第二相低密度的颗粒状固体，气体或液体的形式。 第一相通过鼓泡技术与第二相混合，其中第一相具有比第二相低的密度。 由放电产生的液压冲击波将第一相的气泡或颗粒分散在液体第二相中，从而增加相之间的接触面积。

公开(公告)号：US4077465A

公开(公告)日：1978-03-07

申请号：US685480

申请日：1976-05-11

Applicant: David Preston Simpson

Inventor： David Preston Simpson

IPC: B01B1/00 ,  B01F13/00 ,  F22B37/00 ,  F28D11/06

CPC classification number: F22B37/00 ,  B01B1/00 ,  B01F13/0001

Abstract: A method of disrupting vapor films formed in film boiling in boilers, in which method transient electrical discharges are effected either in the boiler liquid or in a body of liquid in acoustic communication with the boiler liquid. The electrical discharges are effected at one or more selected locations in the boiler to produce shock waves which act on surfaces of the boiler liquid space where vapor films are to be disrupted. By disrupting such vapor films there is enabled an improvement in the heat transfer rates per unit area across the interface between the fire space and the liquid space of a boiler. There are also disclosed various arrangements in boilers for generating these shock waves. Electrical discharges may be effected between a pair of electrodes mounted in the boiler or between an electrode and an adjacent wall of the boiler, and several mounting configurations for electrodes in boilers are described.

Abstract translation: 一种破坏在锅炉中以薄膜沸腾形成的蒸汽膜的方法，其中在锅炉液体或与锅炉液体声学连通的液体体中进行瞬时放电。 放电在锅炉中的一个或多个选定位置进行，以产生作用在蒸发膜被破坏的锅炉液体空间的表面上的冲击波。 通过破坏这样的蒸气膜，能够改善火焰空间与锅炉的液体空间之间的界面上每单位面积的传热速率。 锅炉中也出现了产生这些冲击波的各种布置。 可以在安装在锅炉中的一对电极之间或在锅炉的电极和相邻壁之间进行放电，并且描述用于锅炉中的电极的几种安装配置。

公开(公告)号：US3942018A

公开(公告)日：1976-03-02

申请号：US486793

申请日：1974-07-09

Applicant: David Preston Simpson

Inventor： David Preston Simpson

IPC: C02F1/32 ,  H01J13/50 ,  H01J61/28 ,  H01J61/82 ,  H01J37/26

CPC classification number: H01J61/82 ,  C02F1/325 ,  H01J13/50 ,  H01J61/28 ,  H01J2893/0088

Abstract: A method of producing U.V. radiation by effecting an electrical discharge such that at least a part of the discharge path is submerged in water. An apparatus for performing the above method comprises two electrodes spaced apart to form a discharge region, a discharge chamber containing the discharge region, means arranged to apply a high voltage across the electrodes, and means arranged to supply water to the discharge region such that at least a part of the electrical discharge is submerged in the water, at least a portion of the discharge chamber being transparent to U.V. radiation. Also, a method of treating a material comprising producing U.V. radiation as described above in a discharge chamber at least a portion of which is U.V. transparent, passing the material through a treatment chamber adjacent the transparent portion of the discharge chamber; and an apparatus for performing the method of treating a material. In some described embodiments the position of an electrode is adjusted in dependence upon the electrical characteristics of the discharge such as to maintain predetermined conditions. In one embodiment an electrode is mounted in the bottom of the discharge chamber which forms the other electrode; water covers the electrode and has a controlled circulatory motion such as to control the height of water over the electrode and thus the submerged discharge path. In another embodiment one of the electrodes is formed by a layer of mercury; an initiating discharge between a third electrode and the mercury or the other electrode to establish a degree of ionisation of the mercury in the vicinity of the discharge region. The main discharge excites the mercury vapour resulting in radiation at 254 nm.

Abstract translation: 一种生产紫外线的方法 通过进行放电使得排放路径的至少一部分浸没在水中来进行辐射。 用于执行上述方法的装置包括间隔开以形成放电区域的两个电极，包含放电区域的放电室，布置成跨越电极施加高电压的装置，以及用于向放电区域供水的装置， 放电的至少一部分浸没在水中，放电室的至少一部分对UV是透明的 辐射。 另外，一种处理包括生产紫外线的材料的方法 在上述放电室中的至少一部分为紫外线的辐射。 使材料通过与排放室的透明部分相邻的处理室; 以及用于执行材料处理方法的装置。 在一些描述的实施例中，根据放电的电特性来调整电极的位置，以保持预定的条件。 在一个实施例中，电极安装在形成另一电极的放电室的底部; 水覆盖电极并具有受控的循环运动，以便控制电极上的水的高度，从而控制浸没的排出路径。 在另一个实施例中，电极之一由一层汞形成; 在第三电极和汞或另一电极之间引发放电，以在放电区域附近建立汞的离子化程度。 主放电激发汞蒸汽，导致254nm的辐射。