Abstract:
A protective backing sheet for photovoltaic modules is provided. The backing sheet has a layer including fluoropolymer which is cured on a substrate, and the layer includes boron nitride. The amount of boron nitride contained in the layer is within the range of 2 to 30.0% by weight, and preferably in the range of 5 to 10%. Also, the layer including fluoropolymer may further include a titanium dioxide.
Abstract:
A photovoltaic module that resists or reduces unwanted increases in temperature of the photovoltaic cells encapsulated within the module is provided. This is accomplished by incorporating materials into module components that operate to direct heat away from the solar cells that are within the modules. One or more phase change materials are incorporated into the polymer layer of the backsheet that is position closest to the solar cells. Thermally conductive materials may be incorporated into the layers and/or module components closer to the outside of the module. These materials can be used separately or in conjunction with each other.
Abstract:
Compositions for creating flame-retardant, optically clear films without using halogen based flame retardants, including a coating containing phosphorous-based fire retardant materials, an acrylic or polyester adhesive base, and an organic solvent. Composite film structures containing the flame retardant coating may include a plurality of polymeric films and or coatings separated by flame retardant materials.
Abstract:
A method of coating a substrate with the biocide particles dispersed into a coating permitting the antimicrobial particles to be positioned on the substrate such that they are in contact with the environment is provided. In the method, one or more biocides agents are dispersed into a coating. The coating with the biocide agent is applied to a substrate at a thickness such that at least some of the individual biocide particles extend beyond the surface of the coating.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a protective backing sheet for photovoltaic modules. The backing sheets are capable of absorbing a wide range of solar wavelengths (UV, IR and visible) and re-emitting the absorbed solar radiation as a photons wherein the energy is at or greater than the band gap energy of corresponding semiconductor. The backing sheet can be used in a variety of applications including in photovoltaic devices.
Abstract:
A method includes maintaining a list of individuals prohibited from receiving funds transfers, and receiving information from time to time for updating the list. The method further includes receiving a plurality of funds transfer requests over time. Each of the funds transfer requests specifies a respective recipient individual. In response to receiving each of the funds transfer requests, the respective recipient individual specified in the funds transfer request is compared with the updated list of individuals prohibited from receiving funds transfers.
Abstract:
A method includes storing a plurality of service fee profiles. Each of the profiles is for associating a respective service fee level with each of a plurality of transaction amount tiers. The method further includes, after the storing step, selecting a pair of currencies. The pair of currencies includes a sender currency and a recipient currency. The method also includes assigning one of the stored service fee profiles to the selected pair of currencies to set up a service fee schedule for the selected pair of currencies.
Abstract:
Hierarchical modulation preferably uses a 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator with a convolutional encoder that combine to effectively provide unequal protection to two different segments of streaming input data, with improved power efficiency with the same bandwidth efficiency, by encoding the first segment as coded data as LSBs as the second segment remains uncoded as uncoded MSBs, with the MSBs used for QAM constellation modest reliability interquadrant demodulation and detection, and with the LSBs used for low reliability intraquadrant detection, but with the LSBs subject to convolutional encoding and decoding rendering the LSBs with high reliability detection, such that, the two segments have unequal coding and modulation for providing unequal levels of reliability detection.
Abstract:
A method for testing integrated circuit devices and loading such devices into a test board for further testing and an apparatus therefor is disclosed. The method allows for selection between two modes of operation. In a first mode, the integrated circuit devices are subjected to an electrical test before being placed into the test board for further testing. In a second mode, the integrated circuit devices are tested after being placed in the test board. The apparatus allows for the selection between the first mode and the second mode. In either mode, information about the tested devices and the sockets in the test board is used to load the test boards intelligently. Intelligent loading means that devices under test (DUTs) are not placed in bad sockets and devices that do test bad are removed from the test board, with an option of replacing the failed DUT with another DUT before subsequent environmental testing of the DUTs in the test board is carried out.
Abstract:
Data entry fields for entering a transaction fee structure are laid out in a grid of rows and in three or four columns. Data entered in a field in the second column defines the end point amount for a tier of transactions and is automatically populated into the field in the first column in the next row to define the starting point for the next tier of transactions. Data entered into a field in the third or fourth column defines a fee level for the tier of transactions defined by the amounts in the fields in the same row and in the first and second columns.