The rotation detection device includes: an encoder having to-be-detected patterns cyclically arranged in the circumferential direction; and a sensor configured to detect the to-be-detected patterns to generate pulses. The device further includes a reference pattern storage unit, a phase difference detection unit, and an error correction unit. The reference pattern storage unit measures pitch errors in the to-be-detected patterns prior to operation and stores the pitch errors as a reference pattern Pref. The phase difference detection unit determines a pitch error pattern Pm corresponding to one rotation of the to-be-detected patterns from rotation signals representing a plurality of rotations detected during operation, and performs comparison with a reference pattern Pref to determine a relative phase difference φ. Based on the phase difference φ obtained by the phase difference detection unit, the error correction unit corrects errors included in the rotation signals detected by the sensor.