The communication and control system is for use in a railway train with at least one engine and a plurality of wagons or carriages. This system comprises first and second bi-directional transmission lines which extend along the train; a main control unit installed on the main engine and connected, in this engine, to both the transmission lines and to brake control devices or systems of the train; and a plurality of slave control units, each of which is installed on a respective wagon or carriage and is connected, in the respective carriage or wagon, to both transmission lines, to solenoid valve units associated with pneumatic brake actuators, as well as two sensor devices associated with the wagon or carriage. The main control unit and the slave control units are arranged to talk to one another through the transmission lines according to a serial protocol. The main unit is arranged to transmit brake control signals to the slave units and to receive and acquire information and state signals coming from the slave control units via the transmission lines. The main control unit and the slave control units are arranged to talk to one another at one working frequency on one of the transmission lines and at a second and different working frequency on the other of the transmission lines.