An image forming apparatus, according to the present invention, includes a first substrate whereon are provided a functional element and electric wiring that is connected to the functional element, and a second substrate whereon is an area where an image is to be formed, and wherein, with the first substrate and the second substrate being located opposite to each other, space between the first substrate and the second substrate is kept in a pressure-reduced state so as to form an image in the area on the second substrate, and wherein the electric wiring is formed of a laminated conductive material by a process that plates a printed pattern, which is initially deposited by a printing process.